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江苏高考英语真题逐词精校
高三英语能力提升(十九)
I.阅读理解
A
e-learning:
AnAlternativeLearningOpportunity
DaySchoolProgram
SecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.
Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative,relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation.
Theseon-linecourses
varetaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers;
varepartoftheTDSBstudent’stimetable;and,
vappearonthestudent’sreportuponcompletion.
Benefitsofe-Learning
Include:
vaccesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool;
vusingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation;and,
vassistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.
Ise-LearningforYou?
Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually:
vabletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;
vcapableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,
vabletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithInternetaccess.
Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.
56.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.
A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers.
B.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetable.
C.theyarenotincludedonstudents’reports.
D.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses.
57.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses?
A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.
B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.
C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.
D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.
B
Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.
Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.
Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.
Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.
Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.
58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?
A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.
B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.
C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.
D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.
59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey____.
A.havetheinstincttohelpothers
B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults
C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps
D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull
60.Thepassageismainlyabout____.
A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren
B.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality
C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature
D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren
C
ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.
Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNino,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:
farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.
ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.
ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.
Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMr.Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.
61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?
A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.
B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.
C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.
D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.
62.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?
A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.
B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.
C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.
D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.
63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_______.
A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction
B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid
C.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation
D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst
64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.
B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.
C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.
D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.
D
Notsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,heseemedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingseasons.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008,Shelly-Ann,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).
“Wheredidshecomefrom?
”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShelly-Annwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metersOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthfastesttimeever.
Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica