吉林四平市第一高级中学高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案.docx

吉林四平市第一高级中学高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案.docx

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吉林四平市第一高级中学高考英语阅读理解试题含答案

吉林四平市第一高级中学高考英语阅读理解试题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.

   Thefactthatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativethechangetodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet—butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyinvolved.

   Actually,thisisn'tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars.

   Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.

   Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation:

59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.

   Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.

   Whilethere'sreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,aperson'sagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbecomemainstream.Oncedriverlesscarsareactuallyavailableforsale,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem.

（1）Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyappears?

A.Itfartherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

B.Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.

C.Itoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.

D.Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.

（2）Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?

A.Itwillnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.

B.Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.

C.Itdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivide.

D.Itmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.

（3）Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?

A.Itaddstothesafetyoftheirtravel.

B.Itsavestheirenergy.

C.Itarousestheirinterestinlife.

D.Ithelpswiththeirmobility.

（4）Whatislikelytoaffectone'sattitudetowardthedriverlesscar?

A.Thelocationoftheirresidence.

B.Theamountoftrainingtheyreceived.

C.Thelengthoftheirdrivingexperience.

D.Thefieldoftheirspecialinterest.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars."可知，无人驾驶汽车尤其能为老年人带来真正的价值，老年人，特别是那些行动不便或独自驾驶困难的人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一，由此可知，无人驾驶汽车对一些老年人有吸引力是因为它有助于他们的行动，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas."可知，一个人居住的地方也会影响他对无人驾驶汽车的态度，住在城市和郊区的人比住在农村的人更愿意尝试无人驾驶汽车，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:

Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?

Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?

   Avoidingtemptation（诱惑）isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.

   Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?

Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.

   Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.

   Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.

   Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.

（1）Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.

A. peoplehaveunlimitedself-control                

B. highmotivationensuresone'ssuccess

C. willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted     

D. toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure

（2）Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.

A. makeuseof                          

B. runoutof                          

C. build                          

D. increase

（3）Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.

A. toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower

B. toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise

C. toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup

D. toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control

（4）Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?

A. "Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."         

B. "Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."

C. "IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."   

D. "Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。

所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的"Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。

所以通过上下文的语境，判断出"tapinto"指利用，与makeuseof同义。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。

同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。

两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：

长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。

所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。

一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。

最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。

所以C项"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AfamousAnglicanChurchstandsinaquietcornerofDunedininNewZealand'sSouthIsland.Builtin1865,itisthecity'soldestchurchstillinuse.Countlesscoupleshavegatheredheretomarry.It'swheremorningtearsareshared,friendshipsformedandcomfortgivenduringtimesofloss.

   Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe"JohnAllenwindow",onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.

   JohnwasthesonofSirJamesAllen,whoasMinisterofDefense,helpedplanandadministerNewZealand'sWorldWarIstrategy,whichsaw100,000troops