高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析.docx

高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析.docx

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高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析

高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Anewstudyhasshownhowcomputersandrobotspoweredbyartificialintelligencecanreadhumaneyemovementsto"read"humanpersonalities.

   Theeyes,theysay,arethewindowstothesoul.Andifthatistrue,computersandrobotspoweredbysophisticated（复杂的）artificialintelligencealgorithms（算法）maysoonhavetheabilitytopeerintoyoursoul.Thatistheresultofanewstudyontheconnectionbetweeneyemovementsandpersonality,conductedbyneuroscienceresearchersbasedattheUniversityofSouthAustraliaandPublishedinthescientificJournalFrontiersinNeuroscience.

   "Eyemovementsduringaneverydaytaskpredictaspectsofourpersonality,"wrotetheresearchers,ledbyUniversityofSouthAustralianeuroscientistTobiasLoetscher,whoseteamfollows42studysubjectsaroundtheuniversitycampusrecordingtheireyemovements,thendeterminestheirpersonalitytraits（特点）with"well-establishedquestionnaires"fordeterminingpersonalitytype,accordingtoasummaryofthestudypublishedbythesiteScienceDaily.

   TheresearchersfedthedataintotheirAlalgorithmsandfoundthatcomputersrunningthealgorithmswereabletorecordhumaneyemovementsandimmediatelydetermineaperson'smajorpersonalitytraits,suchas"neuroticism,extraversion（外向），agreeableness,conscientiousness,aswellasperceptual（感知的）curiosity",thescientistswrote.

   "Thenewfindingscouldimprovethewayhumanbeingsinteractwiththeircomputersandotherhigh-techdevices,evenrobots,allowingformorenaturalandrealisticsocialinteractionswithmachines,"Loetschersaid.

   "Peoplearealwayslookingforimproved,personalizedservices.Today'srobotsandcomputersarenotsociallyawaresotheycannotadapttonon-verbalinformation,"LoetschersaidinastatementquotedbyIndianExpress.Thisresearchprovidesopportunitiestodeveloprobotsandcomputerssothattheycanbecomemorenatural,andbetteratinterpretinghumansocialsignals."

   Thestudyrevealedpreviouslyundiscoveredrelationsbetweenspecificpersonalitycharacteristicsandspecificeyemovementtendencies,accordingtoasummaryinBritain'sDailyMailnewspaper.

（1）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"peerinto"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.understand

B.stareat

C.searchfor

D.concernabout

（2）Howdidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?

A.Itwascarriedoutinalab.

B.42subjects'eyemovementswererecorded.

C.Thestudents'dailymovementsweretracked.

D.Itssubjects'personalitiesweredeterminedbycomputer.

（3）AccordingtoTobiasLoetscher,whatcanweknow?

A.Robotsandcomputersaresociallyconscious.

B.Peoplecarelessaboutimproved,personalizedservices.

C.Today'srobotsandcomputerscanaccustomtonon-verbalinformation.

D.Thediscoverywillimprovetheinteractionbetweenhumanbeingsandmachines.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HumanPersonalityTraits

B.WhatHumanEyeMovementsAre

C.TellPersonalitiesbyEyeMovements.

D.HowHumansandMachinesInteract

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Theeyes,theysay,arethewindowstothesoul.”人们说眼睛是心灵的窗户。

可知，划线词组所在句的句意为“如果这是真的，由复杂的人工智能算法驱动的计算机和机器人可能很快就能探究你的灵魂。

”故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“whoseteamfollows42studysubjectsaroundtheuniversitycampusrecordingtheireyemovements,thendeterminestheirpersonalitytraits（特点）with"well-establishedquestionnaires"fordeterminingpersonalitytype,”该研究小组在大学校园内对42名研究对象进行了观察，记录他们的眼球运动，然后用“成熟的问题”来确定他们的性格特征）可知，研究人员通过记录42名研究对象的眼球运动来进行这项研究的。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“Thenewfindingscouldimprovethewayhumanbeingsinteractwiththeircomputersandotherhigh-techdevices,evenrobots,allowingformorenaturalandrealisticsocialinteractionswithmachines”这项新发现可能会改善人类与电脑和其他高科技设备，甚至是机器人的互动方式，从而使人类与机器进行更自然、更现实的社会互动成为可能）可知，这一发现将改善人类和机器之间的互动。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项新的研究发现——由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Whenhewasyoung,LouisArmstrongwastakingwhatwascalled“Creolejazz”,whichwasalsocalleddancemusic,andcombiningitwithtrumpeter（小号手）BuddyBolden,tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.

   Armstrongaccomplishedthatwithalmostnoformaltraining.HereceivedlittletrainingbeforehewasplacedintheNewOrleansColoredWaif'sHomeattheageof12,afterarun-in（小争执）withthepolice.Thepunishmentturnedouttobeamixedblessing,forhealsohadtheopportunitytoplayinarealband.

   WhileattheWaif's,Armstrongalsogotthechancetohearsomeofthecity'sfinestmusicians.CornetistFreddieKeppardperformedinanearbyclub.Sodidtrumpeterandbandleader,KingJoeOliver,whotooktheboyunderhiswingandtaughthimhowtoreadmusicandworkonhisplayingtechnique.

   WhenOliverleftforChicago,ArmstrongchosetostayinNewOrleansandworkwithsomeoftheothertopmusiciansoftheday.InChicago,KingOliverofferedhimaplaceinhisbandin1922.ItbecameArmstrong'sbiggestchallengeyet—thebandhadnopartswrittenfortrumpet,sohewasforcedtolistentoKingOliverandimprovise（即兴创作）.

   Soon,Armstrong'sundeniabletalentwasgettingnotice.Evenclassicallytrainedmusicianswouldcometoheartheincrediblesoundsthisyoungmancreated.

   LilHardin,thebandspianoplayerandthefutureMrs.Armstrong,explainsthatOliverkeptArmstronginthesecondtrumpet-chairsothatOliverwouldstillbe“King”.Hardinconvincedhimtoleavetheband.

   ArmstrongmovedtoNewYorkCityin1924tojoinFletcherHenderson'sbandandthenflewsolo.In1925,ArmstrongputtogethertheHotFive,expandinghispopularityevenmore.Armstrongrecordedhisfirstcomposition,CornetChopSuey,oneofthemostcopiedjazzsolosofalltime.Thismonumental1928recordingblends（混合）artistry,enduranceandshowmanshipthathasrarely,ifever,beenmatchedinJazz.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhesecondparagraph?

A. Toplaydancemusic.                                        

B. ToworkwithBuddyBolden.

C. Tocreatemodemjazzmusic.                          

D. Toplayajazzinstrumentwell.

（2）WhotaughtLouisArmstronghowtoplaymusicintheearlytime?

A. BuddyBolden.         

B. LilHardin.         

C. CornetistFreddieKeppard.         

D. KingJoeOliver.

（3）WhydidLouisArmstrongLeaveKingOliver'sband?

A. BecausehewantedtogetmarriedinNewYork.

B. Becausethemanforcedhimtoleavetheband.

C. BecausehegotabetteropportunityinNewYork.

D. Becausehistalentcouldnotdevelopcompletely.

（4）What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A. Itasksreaderstoknowmoreaboutmodernjazz.

B. Itintroducesoneofthegreatestjazzmusicians.

C. Itintroducesthedevelopmentofjazz.

D. Itdescribestheimportanceoftalentinplayingjazz.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人LouisArmstrong学习音乐的过程。

（1）考查代词指代。

根据第一段中的tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.由此可知that指上段“...tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Sodidtrumpeterandbandleader,KingJoeOliver,whotooktheboyunderhiswingandtaughthimhowtoreadmusicandworkonhisplayingtechnique.”小号手兼乐队指挥KingJoeOliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“LilHardin,thebandspianoplayerandthefutureMrs.Armstrong,explainsthatOliverkeptArmstronginthesecondtrumpet-chairsothatOliverwouldstillbe“King”.Hardinconvincedhimtoleavetheband.”可推断出LouisArmstrong离开KingOliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Averagehumanscanconsume15ormoredrinksinplasticbottlesamonth.Ifyouwerebornafter1978,andliveuntil80yearsold,youwillleavebehindaminimumof14,400plasticbottlesonthisplanet.Thesebottlestakehundredsofyearstobreakdownintotinypiecesofplastic,nevertocompletelydisappear.Mostofthewasteisconsumedbyfishandbirds,whichhasshortenedtheirlifetimegreatly.

   ThePlasticBottleVillageisjustagreatideathatmightfinallysaveusfrombeingburiedinplastic.It'sacommunityinPanamathatisgoingtobemadeofusedbottles.Thedesignprocessbeginswithbuildingsteelframes,whicharethenfilledwiththesebottles.Oncethisstepiscomplete,andelectricalandplumbing（管道装置）linesareputinside,theplasticwallsarecoveredbyconcrete—bothinsideandoutside.Sonoonewillactuallybeabletotellthatthewallsaremadeofplastic.Besides,thematerialwillkeepthehouse17°Ccoolerthantheoutside,whichisthebiggestbenefittopeoplelivinginside.

   Thevillageisthebrainchild（主意）ofRobertBezeauwiththeintentionofsettingupseveralenvironmentalprojects.Havingstartedarecyclingprogramfouryearsago,duringwhichanumberofplasticbottleswerecollected,hestartedtothinkofhowtheycouldbeputtouse.Soonenough,hedecidedtousethemtobuildhouses,andcameupwithabasicideafortheconstructionprocess.

   Theprojecthopestomakepeopleconsciousofthewastethatthesebottlescreatesothattheycandomoretoprotecttheenvironment.Thevillagewillalsocreateaneducationcenterthatwillteachindividualsfromtheworldhowtoreuseplasticbottlesasconstructionmaterialsforshelter.Recycledbottlescouldneutralizethenegativeeffectofyourpassageonthisplanet,andmoveclosertoleavingonlyyour“footprints”.

（1）WhatdoesParagraph1intendtotellus?

A. Thereasonforbuyingfewerdrinks.