构词法讲解.docx

构词法讲解.docx

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构词法讲解

词汇基础篇——构词法（前缀，后缀，词根）

考研英语常用前缀

（1）.表示“否定”前缀

im-

moral–immoral

possible–impossible

in-

direct–indirect

correct–incorrect

un-

certain–uncertain

fortunate–unfortunate

ir-

regular–irregular

responsible–irresponsible

il-

legal-illgal

literate–illiterate

non-

smoker-non-smoker

sense–nonsense

dis-

advantage–disadvantage

agree–disagree

honest–dishonest

mis-

fortune–misfortune

understand–misunderstand

de-

code–decode

value–devalue

ab-

normal—abnormal

use—abuse

（2）表示“数量”前缀

semi-

circle–semicircle

final–semifinal

hemi-

hemi–hemisphere

mono-

plane–monoplane

tone–monotone

uni-

form–uniform

directional–unidirectional

bi-

lingual–bilingual

cycle–bicycle

tri-

angular–triangular

cycle–tricycle

mini-

bus–minibus

skirt–miniskirt

multi-

purpose–multipurpose

national–multinational

poly-

centric–polycentric

syllabic–polysyllabic

super-

marker–supermarket

natural–supernatural

extra-

curricular–extracurricular

ordinary–extraordinary

ultra-

modern–ultramodern

sound–ultrasound

macro-

economics–macroeconomics

structure–macrostructure

micro-

computer–microcomputer

electronics–microelectronics

centi-

grade–centigrade

meter–centimeter

kilo-

gram–kilogram

meter–kilometer

（3）表示“空间位置”前缀

over-

head–overhead

time–overtime

under-

develop–underdevelop

sea–undersea

sub-

divide–subdivide

section–subsection

infra-

structure–infrastructure

out-

door–outdoor

live–outlive

intra-

city–intracity

department–intra-department

inter-

change–interchange

national–international

mid-

day–midday

night–midnight

trans-

Atlantic–transatlantic

plant–transplant

cross-

country–cross-country

breed–crossbreed

（4）“时间顺序”前缀

ex-

minister–ex-minister

wife–ex-wife

port-export

pre-

war-prewar

school-preschool

post-

graduate–postgraduate

war–postwar

（5）表示“共同”或用来“加强语气”

co-

author–coauthor

exist–coexist

col-

location–collocation

com-

press–compress

passion–compassion

con-

centric–concentric

federation–confederation

cor-

relate–correlate

respond–correspond

（6）动词前缀

be-

friend–befriend

little–belittle

em-

body–embody

power–empower

en-

danger–endanger

large–enlarge

（7）其他常用前缀：

pro-

America–pro-America

pro–proceed

anti-

war–antiwar

smoking–antismoking

contra-

diction–contradiction

counter-

act–counteract

aero-

plane-aeroplane

space–aerospace

auto-

biography–autobiography

criticism–autocriticism

self-

employed–self-employed

taught–self-taught

bio-

chemistry–biochemistry

biology

by-

product–by-product

way–byway

vice-

chairman–vice-chairman

president–vice-president

re-

unite–reunite

use–reuse

考研英语常用后缀

（1） 名词后缀

-ion,ition,-ation

collect–collection

observe–observation

-ability,ibility

able–ability

capable–capability

-ment

move–movement

retire–retirement

-ness

dark–darkness

happy–happiness

-sion

decide–decision

expand–expansion

-ance,-ence

appear–appearance

refer–reference

-ancy,-ency

emergent–emergency

expect–expectancy

-cy

accurate–accuracy

-ee

employ–employee

interview–interviewee

-er,-or,-ar

paint–painter

beg–beggar

-ist

psychiatry–psychiatrist

violin–violinist

-an,-ian,-arian

library–librarian

music–musician

-ess

actor–actress

waiter–waitress

-ant,-ent

apply–applicant

correspond–correspondent

-ics

electron–electronics

linguist–linguistics

-ology

climate–climatology

future–futurology

-ism

Marx–Marxism

socialist–socialism

-ship

friend–friendship

scholar–scholarship

-th

grow–growth

wide–width

-ity,-ty

cruel–cruelty

pure–purity

-ure

close–closure

expose–exposure

（2） 动词后缀

-en

deep–deepen

fast–fasten

-ify

class–classify

simple–simplify

-ize,-ise

modern–modernise/modernize

popular–popularise/popularize

（3） 形容词后缀

-able,-ible

suit–suitable

question–questionable

-ful

care–careful

pain–painful

-less

hope–hopeless

pain–painless

-ous,ious

danger–dangerous

poison–poisonous

-ive

create–creative

support–supportive

-al

nature–natural

structure–structural

-ent,-ant

differ–different

please–pleasant

-ory,-ary

advise–advisory

custom–customary

-ate

consider–considerate

fortune–fortunate

-en

gold–golden

wood–wooden

-ic,-ical

atom–atomic

psychology–psychological

-y

guilt–guilty

noise–noisy

（4）  副词后缀

-ly

easy–easily

heavy–heavily

考研英语常用的词根

1.ceed,cess含义是行，让步

proceed,succeed,exceed

2.cap,capt,cept含义是取，获

capture,except,concept,capacity

3.claim含义是呼喊

claim,proclaim,exclaim

4.clud.clos含义是闭合

conclude,include,exclude

5.dic,dict含义是说，示

dictate,indicate,predict

6.doc,doct,含义是教

doctrine,document

7.duc,duct含义是引导，传导

introduce,produce,conduct,deduct

8.fer,含义是搬运，移转

transfer,defer

9.firm,含义是坚固

firm,confirm,affirm

10.form,含义是形

uniform,transform,reform,deform

11.gram,graph,含义是书写，记录

telegram,photograph

12.grad,gress,含义是步，阶段

gradually,progress,regress

13.labour,labor,含义是劳动，工作

labourer,collaborate

14.lif,liv,含义是生活，生存

life,alive,live,living,lively

15.long,leng,ling,含义是长的

length,prolong,linger

16.mand,mend,含义是命令

command,demand,recommend

17.man,manu,含义是手，手法

manage,manual

18.memor,member,含义是记忆

memory,remember,memorial

19.miss,mit,含义是派遣，送

mission,dismiss,transmit

20.mob,mot,mov,含义是动

movement,motion,mobile,remove

21.nect,nex,含义是捆扎

connect,disconnect

22.pel,puls,含义是追逐

expel,impel

23.pend,pens,pond,含义是悬挂

depend,independent

24.phon,含义是声音

telephone,microphone

25.port,含义是搬运

export,import

26.press含义是压，压制

pressure,express,oppress,impress,depress

27.quer,quest,quir,quis,含义是寻找，探问

inquire,inquiry,acquire,question,

28.scrib,script,含义是书写，记录

describe,subscribe,manuscript

29.sens,sent,含义是感觉，情感

sensitive,sensation,sentiment,sensible

30.soci,含义是结合，社交

social,sociable,associate

31.spec,spect,spitc,spis,含义是看，视

inspect,spectator,conspicuous,respect

32.struct含义是建筑，构造

structure,construct,instruct,destruction

33.tend,tens含义是倾向,伸张

tendency,intense,extend,intend

34.tract,trail含义是拖拉，吸引

attract,tractor,abstract,contract

35.us,ut含义是用，使用

usable,utilize,abuse

36.vad含义是走，去

invade,evade

37.vers,vert,含义是旋转，反转

　　convert,invert,reverse,divert

38.viv,vit,含义是生，活

vivid,survival