英语语言学填空题及标准答案.docx

英语语言学填空题及标准答案.docx

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英语语言学填空题及标准答案

Chapterone

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe.

2.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled.

3.Thestudyof_usedinlinguisticcommunicationledtotheestablishmentofphonetics.

4.Thestudyofisknownassemantics.

5.Psycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguageto.

6.Thestudyofisgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.

7.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe.

8.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinisasynchronicstudythedescriptionofalanguageasitthroughtimeisadiachronic.

9.Fromthepointofviewoflinguisticevolution,speechistowriting.

10._referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthememberofaspeechcommunity,andreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

11.Linguisticisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammeris.

12.Modernlinguisticregardsthelanguageasprimary,notthewritten.

13.Manyoftherulesoftraditionalgrammerapplyonlytothelanguage.

14.Whenthestudyofmeaningis,notinisdation,butinthecontextoflanguageuse,itbecomesanotherbranchoflinguisticstudycalledpragmatics.

15.Prescriptiveanddescriptiverepresenttwodifferentoflinguisticstudy.

答案：

1.scientificstudyoflanguage

2.generallinguistics

3.sounds

4.meaning

5.psychology

6.applications

7.descriptive

8.history;changes

9.prior

10.langue;parole

11.prescriptive

12.spoken

13.written

14.conducted

15.types

ChapterTwo

1.Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyoftheoflanguage;ifisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguage.

2.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsare_,auditoryphoneticsandacousficphoneticsrespectively.

3.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:

oneisintermsof_

andtheotherisintermsof_.

4.Bothphonologyandphoneticsareconcernedwiththesameaspectoflanguage-_______.

5.Thedifferentthroeswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticsenvronmentsarecalledthe_ofthatphoneme.

6.Theassimulationrulesassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofa_______;thusmakingthetwophonessimilate.

7.Theassimulationrulealsoaccountsforthe_______ofthealvedarnasalinsomesoundcombinations.

8.Thedeletionruletellsuswhenasoundistobedeletedalthoughitis______.

9.Languageisfirst______throughitssounds.

10.Theletter[P]intermsofplaceofarticulation______intermsofmannerofarticulationis_______.

11._______,notphoneticidentityisthectciterionwithwhichweoperatethephonologicalanalysisoflanguage.

12.Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundingthe_______.

13.Correspondingtothedistinctionoflongandshortvowelsisthedistinctionof_____and______vowels.

14.Aphonemeisfurtheranalyzablebecauseitconsistsofasetof______.

15.Similaralterationofstressalsooccursbetweena______andaphraseconsistingofthesameelements.

答案:

1.phonicmedium

2.labeledarticulationphonetics

3.mannerofarticulation;placeofarticulation

4.thespeechsounds

5.allophones

6.sequentialphoneme

7.varyingpronunciation

8.orthographicallyrepresented

9.perceived

10.bilabial;stops

11.phoneticsimilarity

12.oralcavity

13.tense;lox

14.simultaneousdistinctivefeatures

poundnoun

ChapterThree

1.Linguistsdefinethewordasthesmallest______foundinlanguage.

2.Morphemeisthe_______________thatcarriesinformationaboutmeaningorfunction.

3.Therootconsistutesthe_____ofthewordandcarriesthemajorcomponentsofitsmeaning.

4.Morphemeareusually______:

thereisnonatureconnectionbetweentheirsoundandmeaning.

5.When_______areconjoinedtoothermorpheme（orwords）,anewwordsarederived,orformed.

6.Derivationisan_______thatformawordwithmeaningandcategorydistinctfromthatofitsbases.

7.Unlikephonemesandsyllableswhicharetheelementsofsound,words_______.

8.______arethefoundationbuildingblocksofalanguage.

9.Linguistsusethetermmorphologytorefertothepartofthegrammerthatisconcernedwith______and________.

10.Thecontentwordsoflanguage,suchas____,_____,_____andadverbs,aresometimescalledopenclasswords.

11.Affixes______belongtoalexicalcategoryandarealwaysboundmorpheme.

12.Boundmorphemeswhichareforthemostpartpurelygrammaticalmakersandsignifysuchconceptsastense,number,casearecalled_________.

13._______,________andfreemorphemescombinearethemajorwaystoproducenewwords.

14.Thewayswordareformedarecalled_______.

15.Whentwowordsareinthesame_______,thecompoundwillbeinthiscategory.

答案：

1.freeform

2.smallestunitoflanguage

3.core

4.arbitrary

5.derivationalmorphemes

6.affixationalprocess

7.carrymeaning

8.words

9.wordformation;wordstructure

10.nouns;verbs;adjectives

11.donot

12.inflectionalmorphemes

13.derivation;compounds

14.morphologicalrules

15.grammaticalcategory

Chapterfour

1.Todetermineaword'scategory，threecriteriaareusuallyemployed:

,.

2.TheXPruleis.

3.Syntaxisabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiestherulesthat.

4.TheSruleis

5.Thefirst,formedbytheinaccordancewiththesubcategorizationproperties,iscalleddeepstructure.

6.questionsbeginwithawh-wordarecalled.

7.Correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofsentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalled.

8.Iftheheadisaverb,thenthespecifieris.

9.Wordlevelcategoriesaredividedintotwokinds:

and.

10.Syntacticunitsthatarebuiltaroundacertainwordcategoryarecalled.

11.Thestructureswhichformedbyjoiningtwoormoreelementsofthesometypewiththehelpofaconjunctionare.

12.Theinformationaboutisincludedintheheadandtermedsubcategorization.

13.Theelementwhichspecifiesoptionallyexpressiblepropertiesofhandis.

14.Aspecialtypeofrulethatcanmoveanelementfromonepositiontoanotheris.

15.Theconstructioninwhichthecomplementphrasesisembeddediscalled.

答案

1.meaning，inflection,distribution

2.XP→（specifier）X（complement）

3.governtheformationofsentences

4.S→NPVP

5.XPrule,head’s

6.questions

7.sufficestructure

8.qualifier

9.majorlexicalcategories,minorlexicalcategories

10.phrases

11.coordinatestructures

12.aword’scomplement

13.modifiers

14.transformation

15.matrixclause

Chapterfive

1.Accordingtothenamingtheory,wordsarejustorlabeisforthings.

2.

3.Twokindsofcontextarerecognized:

thesituationalcontextandthe.

4.IntheEnglishvocabularytherearetwocategoryofwords:

and.

5.Synonymscanbedividedintothe,

stylisticsynonyms,andcollocationalsynonyms.

6.Whentwowordsareidenticalin,theyare.Whentwowordsareidenticalin,theyarehomographs.

7.swperordinateismoregeneralinmeaning,buthyponymsismore.

8.threekindsofantonymyarerecognized：

Gradableantonymys,,and.

9.Therearefourcertainrelationsbetweensentences,theyare:

,andpreswpposes.

10.Therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning:

grammaticalmeaningandmeaning.

11.Intermsoftruthcondition,ifXistrue,Yistrue,ifXisfalse,Ymaybetrueorfalse,wecalledtherelationis

12.Apolysemicwordistheresultoftheevolutionofthemeaningoftheword.Thevariousmeaningofthewordaretosomedegree.Completehomonymsareoftenbroughtintobeingby.

13.Referencedealswiththerelationshipbetweentheelementandwordofexperience.

14.heldtheviewthat“weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps

15.semanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyof.

答案：

1.names

2.referent

3.linguisticcontext

4.nativewords,borrowedwords

5.Dialectalsynonyms,emotivesynonyms

6.homophones,spelling

7.specific

plementaryantonyms,relationalopposites

9.synonymous,inconsistence,entails

10.semantic

11.entails

12.primary,related,coincidence

13.linguistic,non-linguistic

14.J.R.Firth

15.meaning