环境工程专业 外文翻译啤酒废水处理.docx

环境工程专业 外文翻译啤酒废水处理.docx

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环境工程专业外文翻译啤酒废水处理

英文原文

Sludgereductionduringbrewerywastewatertreatmentbyhydrolyzation-foodchainreactorsystem

Abstract:

Duringbrewerywastewatertreatmentbyahydrolyzation-foodchainreactor（FCR）system,sludgewasrecycledtotheanaerobicsegment.Withthefunctionofhydrolyzationacidificationintheanaerobicsegmentandtheprocessesofaerobicoxidationandantagonism,predation,interactionandsymbiosisamongmicrobesinmultileveloxidationsegment,residualsludgecouldbereducedeffectively.The6-monthdynamicexperimentsshowthattheaveragechemicaloxygendemand（COD）removalratiowas92.6%andaveragesludgeproductionoftheaerobicsegmentwas8.14%,withtheCODoftheinfluentat960–1720mg/Landhydraulicretentiontime（HRT）of12h.Sincetheproducedsludgecouldberecycledandhydrolyzedintheanaerobicsegment,noexcesssludgewasproducedduringthesteadyrunningforthissystem.

Keywordshydrolyzation,multileveloxidation,excesssludge,reduction

1.Introduction

Duringthe1980s,themainbrewerywastewatertreatmentlocallyandabroadwastheaerobictechnique,thenthehydrolytic-aerobictechniquesshowedupinthelate1980s.Currently,themaintechnologyforbrewerywastewatertreatmentaretheactivatedsludgeprocess,contactoxidationprocess,andhydrolytic-aerobictechniques.Althoughthesetechniqueshavesomeadvantagesoftheirown,theyallhaveaproblemwithsludgedisposal[1].Thesludgeproductionisabout60%ofthechemicaloxygen

demand（COD）removalamountforconventionalactivatedsludgetechnology,andabout30%forconventionalbiofilmmethod[2].Thecostofsludgedisposalhadbecomeaneconomicburdenofthesewageplant.Thesludgeproducedmaybringaboutsecondarypollution.Therefore,thestudyonwatertreatmentprocessesthatcanleadtosludgereductionisbecomingoneoftheimportantissuesinsewagetreatment.

Thisstudyadoptedprinciplesofcleanerproduction.Withthehydrolyzation-acidificationinanaerobicsegments,residualsludgecouldbetranslatedintosolubleorganicmatterandsmallorganicmolecules,thenentertheaerobicsegmentasorganicload.Aseriescontactoxidationsystemforfoodchainreactor（FCR）wasappliedintheaerobicsegmenttoformamanualbiogeocenoseandfoodchain.Basedonbiologicaltheory,thelongerthefoodchainis,themoreenergylost,andthuslessenergythatcanbeusedforgrowthoftheorganisms,andlessbiomassleftintheecosystemasaresult.Therefore,prolongingthefoodchainandstrengtheningthepredationofmicrozoansinthefoodchainarebotheffectiveinsludgereduction.‘‘ZeroDischarge’’ofresidualsludgewasachievedduringthebrewerywastewatertreatmentbyahydrolyzation-FCRsystem.Thisstudyexploredthemechanismofsludgereductionduringthehydrolyzationprocessandmultileveloxidationprocess。

2Materialandmethods

2.1Characteristicsofwastewater

Theexperimentalwaterisaman-madesimulantbrewerywastewater,whichcontainsbottledbeer,NH4Cl,KH2PO4,MgSO4,andCaCl2.Thebiodegradabilityindex,theratioofconcentrationsofbiochemicaloxygendemandfor5days（BOD5）andCOD,isabout0.4–0.5.Table1showsthemainwaterqualityproperties.

2.2Experimentalapparatusandexperimentalflow

Theexperimentalapparatuswasahybridbiologicalreactor（ShanghaiBestEnvironmentalTechnologyCorporation,Shanghai,China）asshowninFig.1.TheaerobicsectofFCRwasdividedintofourpartsalongthetreatmentprocessandtheirefficientvolumeswerew0.12,0.09,0.09,and0.06m3,respectively（theateris0.97mdeep）.Sewagewaspouredintothereactor,thenflowedintoeachtank,withthefunctionofgravitationalactionandarotameteradjustingtheflow.Volumetricratioofthehydrolyzationsegmentandmultileveloxidationsegmentwas0.8:

1.Sewagewastreatedduringthehydrolyzationsegmentandalltanksofthemultileveloxidationsegment,thenflowedintoasedimentationtankwheresludgeandwaterwereseparated.Theexcessivesludgewasdischargedregularly,andrecycledintothehydrolyzation-acidificationsegment.Atthebottomofthemultileveloxidationsegmentwasanaerationdevice.

Fig.1Diagramoftheexperimentaldevice

1.high-positionedflume,2.volume-constantflume,3.hydrolyzationtank,4.multileveloxidationFCRsystem,5.fillers,6.baffle,7.entering-waterpipeforsedimentationtank,8.sedimentationtank,9.outletpipe,10.dischargepipe,11.aerationdevice,12.rotameter,13.ride,14.aerationdiffuse

2.3Operationparameters

Duringthetwo-monthexperimentalduration,theroomtemperaturewasintherangeof14–27uC.Thetotalhydraulicretentiontime（HRT）ofthissystemwas12h,andtheHRTofthehydrolyzationsegmentwas5.5h.

Concentrationsofdissolvedoxygenwere2–6mg/L.

2.4Analysismethods

Theindicatorsofsourcewaterweremeasuredaccordingtomonitoringandanalyticalmethodsofwaterandwastewater[3].

3Experimentalresultsanddiscussion

3.1RemovaleffectofCOD

Figure2showstheCODremovaleffectofthehydrolyzation-FCRsystemduringthesteadyrunningtimeperiodWhentheconcentrationsofCODintheinfluentwere960–1720mg/L,andHRTwas12h,theremovalratio

ofCODwasabove90%,andtheconcentrationofCODintheeffluentwas45–95mg/L.ThewaterqualityoftheeffluentmetthefirstclassoftheIntegratedWastewaterDischargeStandard[4].

Fig.2CODremovalefficiencyduringthecontinuousrunningtimeperiod

3.2Sludgeremovaleffect

Sludgeproducedbythissystemwasrecycledtothehydrolyzationsegmentwhereitwashydrolyzedandtranslatedintoorganicloadandpouredintothemultileveloxidationsegment.Thispartoftheorganicmatterwasmostlyreleasedasenergyexceptforarelativelysmallportion

translatedintoorganism.Inarealoperation,theremightbenegativegrowthofsludgeinthehydrolyzationsegmentsincethemicrobeofwhichneedslotsofenergyaswell.Asaresult,therecycledsludgecouldbeasupplyforthehydrolyzationsegment.Theoretically,‘‘ZeroDischarge’’

ofresidualsludgecouldbeachievedandtheexperimentalresultshaveverifiedthispoint.

ThesludgeproductionoftheFCRsystemwascontinuouslyinvestigatedduringthetwo-monthsteadyrunningperiod,andtherelationshipbetweentotalsludgeproductionandtotalCODremovalamountwasanalyzed.Figure3showsthattheratioofsludgeproductionwas6%–10%,andtheaveragesludgeproductionwas8.15%,whichisabout15%ofconventionalactivatedsludgetechnologyand25%ofconventionalbiofilmmethod.TheresultsshowthattheFCRsystemhasgreateffectonsludgereduction.

Fig.3Sludgeproductionofthemultileveloxidationsegmentduringthesteadyrunningtimeperiod

4Mechanismanalysis

ThebiologicalfunctionofthecarrierandtherunningmodeofmultileveloxidationFCRmadetheconcentrationofthesewagegradientalonewithcurrent,whichformedthreedifferentzonesinthetank:

polysaprobic,mesosaprobic,andoligosaprobiczones.Eachzonehasadifferentmicroorganismcommunity（fromthebasictoadvanced）,whichformedarelativelyintegratedecologicalstructureandafoodchainasbacteria-protozoa-metazoa-daphnia.BytheanalysisoftheFCRsystem,muchmoremicrobesindifferentkindsandqualitywerefoundthantheconventionalaerobicprocess.Asaresult,thefoodchaininthissystemwasmorecomplicatedthanotherprocesses.Figure4showsthecompositionsofthefoodchainoftheFCRsystem.Basedonbiologicaltheory,thefoodchainisgettinglongerandmorecomplex,therelationshipbetweenmicrobesinthefoodchainismorecomplex.Throughtheprocessofantagonist,predation,interactionandsymbiosis

amongmicrobes,themicrobesystemisbalanced,andnoneofthespecificpopulationcouldover-develop[8,9].Highertrophicdegreeofthepredator,moreenergyconsumed,andlessenergythatcanbeusedforthegrowthoforganisms[10–12].Withtheeffectofallthesefactors,theecosystemcouldmaintainarelativelystableterm.Asaresult,lesssludgewouldbeproducedinpractice.

Fig.4CompositionsofthefoodchainoftheFCRsystem

5Conclusions

（1）WhentheconcentrationsofCODintheinfluentwere1200–1800mg/L,HRTwas12h,andaverageCODremovalratiowas92.6%.‘‘ZeroDischarge’’ofresidualsludgewasachievedduringthesteadytimerunningforthissystem,sincetheproducedsludgecouldberecycledandhydrolyzedtotheanaerobicsegment.Withoutsludgedisposalequipmentadded,thismethodcouldhavebotheconomicandenvironmentalprofitinpractice.

（2）TheprocessofmultileveloxidationFCRcouldformamicrobeecosystemjustlikethenaturalmicrobeecosystem,andafullydevelopedfoodchain.Throughtheprocessesofantagonism,predation,interaction,andsymbiosisamongmicrobes,sludgewaseffectivelyreduced.DuringthesteadyrunningofmultileveloxidationFCR,theaveragesludgeproductionoftheFCRsystemwas8.15%.

1DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,Beijing100083,China

2DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience&Engineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150090,China

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