英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文docx.docx

英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文docx.docx

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英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文docx

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Listenthisway听力教程第三册-6

Unit6FindtheRightWords

PartIGettingready

Audioscript:

TheEnglishlanguagecanbetracedbacktoprehistoricIndo-

EuropeanthroughtheWestGermanicline.However,manyother

influenceshaveshapedthedevelopmentofModernEnglish.We

willreviewsomeimportantdatesinthehistoryoftheEnglish

language.ThefirstthreeareLatininfluences:

1.In5,5B.C.CaesarconqueredBritainandtheCelticpeople.

2.In43.B.C.Romecolonizedtheisland.

3.TheRomansremainedfor400years（thefirstfourcenturiesoftheChristianEra）.

Thenextsignificantdateswere:

4.Theyear499（whichwastheyearoftheAnglo-Saxonconquestoftheisland）.

5.From500on,theWestGermaniclanguagewasthebasiclanguageofBritain（orEngland）.

Influencesfromotherlanguagescontinuedhowever.

6.InthesixthandseventhcenturiesEnglandwasChristianizedby

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missionariessentbythePope（sothatLatininfluencecontinued）.

Then,

7.Intheeig11thandninthcenturiestheNorsemen（Vikings）,invadedEnglandwiththeirOldNorselanguage.

8.In1066.theNormanConquestbroughtFrenchlinguisticinfluence.

9.TheFrenchinfluencecontinuedfor300years（theninth

centurythroughthe11thcentury）.

10.Andfinally,inthefifteenandsixteenhundreds,whenclassicallearningwasrevived,therewascontinuedLatinlanguageinfluence.

Audioscript:

1.Peoplearedelightedifyoucanspeaktheirlanguage,andthey

don'tcarehowwellyouspeakit.Theyarenotupsetwhenyou

makemistakes.Ithinkinordertolearn,youmustn'tbeafraidof

makingmistakes.

2.I'maveryshypersonandit'snoteasyformetotalktostrangers.

Butyouhavetoforceyourselftotalktopeople.That'swhatIdid

anditreallyhelpedme.

3.Ithinkthebestlanguagelearnersarepeoplewithasenseofhumor.Trytolaughatyourownmistakesanddon'ttakeyourself

tooseriously.You'llfindthatotherpeoplewillbesympathetic

whenyoumakemistakes.

4.Itooktwocoursesinbusinessstudies.Iread,studied,listenedto

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lecturesandtooknotesinEnglish.Itwasaverygoodexperience

formebecauseIdidn'thavetimetothinkaboutthelanguage.I

recommendforgettingaboutthegrammarandthinkingaboutthe

meaninginstead.

5.Inmyexperience,learningaforeignlanguagealwaysinvolvesalotoftime,alotofboringworkandlotsofproblems!

Inshort,ifyouwanttolearnanotherlanguageyouhavetoworkhard.

6.Trytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ithinkthat'sthebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishandtolearnmorenewwords.IalwaystrytoreadsomethinginEnglisheveryday.

PartIISkillstocommunicatebad

news

Audioscript:

AviArditti：

I'mAviArdittiwithRosanneSkirble,andthisweekonWordmaster:

givingdoctorsbetterskillstocommunicatebadnews.

RosanneSkirble：

AnthonyBackisamedicaloncologistattheUniversityofWashingtonandtheFredHutchinsonCancerResearchCenterinSeattle.Heandfourcolleaguesarein

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thefifthyearleadingaprogramfundedwithoneandone-

halfmilliondollarsfromtheNationalCancerInstitute.

AviArditti：

DoctorBacksaysspeciallytrainedactorsplaycancerpatientstohelponcologistslearnhowtoavoidsoundinginsensitivewhentheprognosisisgrim.

AnthonyBack：

ProbablythebiggestmisconceptionIfaceisthatyou'reeitherbornwiththisoryou'renot.Infact,whattheresearchshowsisthatpeoplelearntodothisovertime.

Andthewaytheylearntodoitistheyseegoodrolemodels,

theypractice,theygetspecificfeedbackonwhatthey're

doing,theytry-outnewthings,theyinnovateanddevelop

newconversationalpracticesforthemselves.

AviArditti：

Canyougiveussomeexamplesofthoseconversational

practices--whataresomewaystoimpartbadnews?

AnthonyBack：

Here'sanexample:

Thepatienthashadcancerinthepast,hasbeendoingwellandiscominginforsomeroutinefollow-uptests.Theroutinefollow-uptestsunexpectedlyshowthecancerhasstartedtocomeback.

Thedoctorwilltypicallygoinandsaytothepatient,

"Guesswhat,yourcancer'sback."Andthepatientwillbe

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justblownaway,right?

Thereareacoupleofpractices

therethatdoctorscandothatcanhelp.Oneistostartwith

--especiallyifyoudon'tknowthepatient--askingwhatthepatientexpected,whatdidtheyunderstandabouttheircancer,whatweretheyexpectingwiththistest.Becauseifthepatientsaystoyou"Youknow,theydidn'ttellmeanything.I'mjustherebecauseIgotthisappointmentinthemail,"that'sonewholekindofcomprehensionlevel.

Whereasifthepatientsays"IhadaTlNlMOlungcancer

andtheytoldmeIhadafifty-fivepercentchanceof

diseaserecurrenceinthenexttwoyears,"that'sawhole

differentstory,right?

Thesecondthingisthatafteryougivethisdifficultnews,

thenIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoaddressboththe

cognitivereactionandalsothekindoftheemotionalside

ofit.

RosanneSkirble：

Whataresomeofthephrasesorthewaysinwhichyoucancouchthisnews?

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,thewaytomakeiteasieristomakesurethatyouaregoingfromthecontextthepatientdrewforyou.Soyougofromwhatthepatientunderstandsandyoutryto

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usetheirwordsasmuchaspossible.Andthen,whenyou

gettothereallybadpartofthenews,Ithinkit'sactually

importanttobedirectandconcreteandnottocouchthe

news.It'sbettertosay"Thecancerhascomeback"thanto

say"Therearehypo-densitiesinyourliverontheCT"（or）

"Youhaveamalignancy."Allthoseeuphemismsforce

patientstostruggletounderstandwhat'shappeningtothem,

anditaddstotheirconfusionanddistress.

RosanneSkirble:

：

Well,shouldtheysaythingslike"Iwishthingsweredifferent"or"Ihopeforthebest,"orshouldadoctorkindofmaintainadistance?

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,mythoughtaboutthatactuallyisthatthemoreskilledthephysician,thelesstheyhavetodistancethemselves.Therearesomephrasesthatweuse,andthemostimportantonesarereallytheonesthatareaboutempathyforthepatient.Youknow,"Iseethisisadifficultsituation,Iseethisisnotwhatyouexpected,I'm

hopingforthebest."AndIthinkit'sfinefordoctorstotalkabouthope,andIthinkit'simportantactually.

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AviArditti：

Letmeaskyou,haveyouseenanyculturaldifferencescomeupinthetrainingprogramsasyou'vehaddoctorsgothrough?

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,wehaveactuallyaverymulticulturalgroupofphysicianswhocome,andtheyallbringinalltheirowndifferentvaluesabouthowfrankshouldpeoplebe.BecausetheAmericanstandard,ofcourse,isthat

patientsthemselvesgetalltheinformation,theymakethedecisionthemselves,andthere'sthisverystrongemphasisonautonomy.Andinalotofotherculturesthat'sreallynotthecase.

RosanneSkirble：

Andwhatgotyoustartedinthefirstplace?

AnthonyBack：

Whatgotmestartedwas,whenIwasanoncologytrainee,andthiswasafterapersonalexperience--mymotherhaddiedofapre-leukemiakindofthing--Irememberwalkingaroundinthebone-marrowtransplantwardswiththisexperienced--itwasthisother,olderseniorphysician--goingaroundhavingtheselife-and-deathconversationswithpatientsandthinking,God,therehasgottobeabetterwaytodothis.

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AviArditti：

Theresult,saysDoctorAnthonyBackinSeattle,isaprogramthathasnowtrainedaboutonehundred-eightyoncologistsatretreatsheldtwiceayear.TheprogramWeb

siteisoncotalk.info--that'so-n-c-o-t-a-l-kdoti-n-f-o.

PartIIIForeignaccents

Audioscript:

SectionI

AsfarasI'mconcerned,IdotendtojudgepeopleImeetbytheir

accents.Idon'tmeanthatI'masortofsnob,andonlylikepeople

withposhaccents,butIneverfeelcomfortablewithanewperson

untilI'vebeenabletoplacethemfromthewaytheyspeak.Ifit'san

Englishperson,IfeelmuchmoreateaseifIcansay"Ah,hecomes

formLiverpool",or"He'sprobablybeentopublicschool".Isuppose

thenIknowwhattotalkaboutandwhattoexpectfromtheother

person.

Thesameistrueofforeigners.Personally,Ipreferaforeignerto

speakwitharecognizableforeignaccent,sothatIknowthatI'm

talkingtoaFrenchman,aGhanaian,aPole,andsoon.Soforme,it

seemsabitpointlessforforeignerstotrydesperatelyhardtogetrid

oftheirnationalaccentandtrytospeakBBCEnglish.Ifsomeoneis

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clearlyFrench,Iknowthere'snopointintalkingaboutcricketor

makingjokesabouttheIrish.Andfrankly,Ithinkitevensounds

moreattractive.Ican'treallyexplainwhy,butifapersonhasa

foreignaccent,theyseemtobemoreinteresting,eveniftheyare

sayingthemostordinarythings.

Audioscript:

SectionII

Mindyou,thereisalimittointelligibility.Iftheaccentissostrong

thatyouhaveastruggletounderstandwhattheyaresaying,thenthat

getsinthewayoftheconversation,andtheflowisbrokenwhileyoutry

tosortoutthesoundsintomeaningfulbits.Idon'tmeananaccentas

strongasthat.I'mtalkingaboutthekindofaccentwhereyoucantell

immediatelywhichcountrythepersoncomesfrom,butwherethey've

gotenoughEnglishtocarryonagoodconversationwithoutsearching

forwords,ormessingu