被动语态讲解习题和答案学生版.docx
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被动语态讲解习题和答案学生版
动词语态（被动语态）
英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。
如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。
如：
They speak English.他们讲英语。
主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示；
English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。
主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）
一、被动语态的构成
1、 助动词be+（及物动词的）过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。
二、主动语态变被动语态
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：
如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
如：
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。
在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。
主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。
（3）将主动语态的主语改为be„放在谓语动词后。
注意：
如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。
但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told （to） us by Jack.
三、各种时态的被动语态
1、 一般现在时：
am/is/are +过去分词
We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。
2、 一般过去时：
was/were+过去分词
A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。
3、 一般将来时：
will be+过去分词
The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。
4、 现在进行时：
am/is/are +being + 过去分词
The walls are being painted now.他们正在粉刷墙壁。
5、 过去进行时：
was/were +being + 过去分词
The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。
6、 现在完成时：
have/has been+过去分词
The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。
7、 过去完成时：
had been+过去分词
She said this lift had never been used.
8、 过去将来时：
would be+过去分词
The film would be shown again sometime next week.
这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。
9、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：
情态动词+be+过去分词；
其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。
如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。
（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone?
桌子能用石头制造吗？
（疑问句）
四、被动语态的特殊用法
1、 不及物动词不用于被动语态。
Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out,take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
2、 表状态动词不用于被动语态
常见的有：
hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等
3、 某些动词的进行时可表被动
The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。
The cakes are baking.蛋糕在烘。
The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。
4、 主动形式表被动意义。
1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。
如：
look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等
Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.
她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。
2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。
如：
want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。
3）某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
The conversation is hard to understand.
对这话很难理解。
The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。
The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。
常见的句型结构：
It is（was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......
大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......
It is（was）well known that......众所周知
It is（was）taken for granted that......被视为当然
It must be remembered that......务必记住......
It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......
It is（was）said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that......据说（报道、听说、告知、建议......）
二、典型例题
1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A． are held B. were held C.are holding D.will ho1d
2. In the art showa lot of enjoyment __to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．
A． is giving B. is given C .will give D.has given
3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________inmany schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
6. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom _____
every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned
7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．
A． polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute
8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
A. is started B. was started C. has started
9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last yearand they made our school a beautiful garden．
A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted
11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown
12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up
14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned
三、课后练习
1．—Susan, why are you still here?
They are all ready to start.
—I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told
2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down
3．--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped
4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited
D. didn’t invite
5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty
（明朝） _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.
A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
7．The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded
D. regards
8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown
10．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．
A．will hold B will be held C．hold
11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built
16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it ________ off already!
The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turnedD. because, has turned
17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
19.--Look, what an old palace!
It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built
20. Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked
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