高考试题分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类1doc.docx

高考试题分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类1doc.docx

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高考试题分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类1doc

高考试题分类汇编：

阅读理解之科普知识类

（1）

Passage1（·全国卷I·C）

    AlongtheriverbanksoftheAmazonandtheOrinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchicken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclaws（爪）onitswingswhenyoung.Theybuildtheirhomesabout4.6mabovetheriver,animportantfeature（特征）forthesafetyoftheyoung.Itiscalledthehoatzin.

     Inappearance,thebirdsofbothsexeslookverymuchalikewithbrownonthebackandcreamandredontheunderside.Theheadissmall,withalargesetoffeathersonthetop,brightredeyes,andblueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds,cuckoos.Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.

     Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotherattheendofeachwingtip.Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak（喙）,theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirdsmusthavedone.Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.

     DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyabouttheforestingroupsofo30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.

63．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

   A．Hoatzinsindryandrainyseasons.B．Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins.

   C．PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.D．Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins.

64．Younghoatzinsaredifferentfromtheirparentsinthat_________ ．

   A．theylooklikeyoungcuckoos B．theyhaveclawsonthewings

   C．theyeatalotlikeacowD．theyliveonriverbanks

65．Whatcanweinferaboutprimitivebirdsfromthetext?

   A．Theyhadclawstohelpthemclimb.B．Theycouldflylongdistances.

   C．Theyhadfourwingslikehoatzins.D．Theyhadaheadwithlongfeathersonthetop.

66．Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?

   A．Tofindmorefood.B．Toprotectthemselvesbetter.

C．Tokeepthemselveswarm.D．Toproducetheiryoung.

【答案解析】

63．【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

文章主要介绍了thehoatzin，它是生活在亚马逊河的麝雉。

介绍了这种鸟的外表特征以及生活习性。

故选D。

64．【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第三段的第一句Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotherattheendofeachwingtip.与此段的最后一句Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.可知幼鸟有爪子而老一些的鸟没有。

故选B。

65．【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

根据第三段的Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak（喙）,theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirdsmusthavedone.可知最初的鸟用爪子帮助爬行。

故选A。

66．【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段的whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.可知。

Passage2（·上海·C）

TheLondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.

AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafreshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.

NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon.

“TheSun’sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,”saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire.

Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections（日冕物质抛射）occurintheSun’satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter.“Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometersperhour.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,”ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.

NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory（SDO）,whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.

TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares（太阳耀斑）andexplosionsastheyoccur.

ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'sdirector,saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth“Ifwehaveadvancewarning,we’llbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon'twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'scausedtheproblem,”hesaid.

72.Thephrase“communicationsblackout”inparagraph1mostprobablyrefersto_________duringtheOlympics.

A.theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchB.thecollapseofbroadcastingsystems

C.thetransportationbreakdowninLondonD.thedestructionofweathersatellites

73.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage?

A.ThemostfatalmatterfromthecoronafallsontoEarth.

B.Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle.

C.IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth.

D.Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections.

74.Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto__

A.takeimagesofthesolarsystemB.provideearlywarningofthunderstorms

C.keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD.improvethecommunicationsonEarth

75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SolarStorms:

AnInvisibleKillerB.SolarStorms:

EarthEnvironmentinDanger

C.SolarStorms:

ThreateningtheHumanRaceD.SolarStorms:

HumanActivitiestoBeTroubled

【答案解析】

72选B。

理解词意题。

根据文章第三段并结合全文可以总结得出B。

73选D。

推理判断题。

根据文章第五段最后一句可以推出答案D。

A项中fatal一词使用有误，B项叙述错误，由文章中的内容也推测不出C项的叙述。

74选C。

细节理解题。

由文章第六段“NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivity”可知C为正确选项。

75选D。

推理判断题。

文章由伦敦夏季奥运会所面临的太阳风暴问题为引子，展开论述了太阳风暴将对人类活动造成的影响。

Passage3（·重庆卷·E）

Humansarenaturallydrawntootherlifeformsandtheworldsoutsideofourown.Wetakedelightintheexistenceofcreaturesandevenwholesocietiesbeyondoureverydaylives.

Thissenseofwonderisuniversal.LookattheeffortsthatscientistshavemadetofindoutwhetherlifeofsomekindexistsonMars，andthepopularityoffantasy（幻想）literatureormovieslikeTheLordoftheRings.Thissenseofwonderdrawsustoeachother，totheworldaroundus,andtotheworldofmake-believe.Buthavewegonesofarincreatingworldsoffantasythatwearemissingthepleasureofotherworldsthatalreadyexistallaroundus?

Humanbeings，asbiologistshavesuggested，possessaninborndesiretoconnectwithandunderstandotherlifeforms，However,people，especiallyinbigcities，oftenleadratherisolatedlives，InastudyofBritishschoolchildren，itwasfoundthatchildrenbyageeightweremuchmorefamiliarwithcharactersfromtelevisionshowsandvideogamesthancommonwildlife.Withoutmodemtechnology，asmallPondcouldbeanamazingworldfilledwithstrangeandbeautifulplants，insects，birds，andanimals.Whenwelackmeaning（交互）withtheworldaroundus,andsometimesevenwithourfamiliesandfriends，weseektounderstandandcommunicatewiththingsthatexistonlyinourimaginationsoronacomputerscreen.

Theworldofmake-believeisnotnecessarilybad,butwhentheworldoffantasybecomestheonlyoutlet（出路）foroursenseofwonder，thenwearereallymissingsomething，wearemissingaconnectionwiththelivingworld.Otherwonderfulworldsexistallaroundus.Butevenmoreinterestingisthatifwelookcloselyenough，wecanseethattheseworlds,inabroadsense,arereallypartofourown.

72．ThepopularityofTheLordoftheRingsproves_________.

A．thecloseconnectionbetweenmanandthefantasyworld

B．thewonderfulachievementsoffantasyliterature

C．thefinetasteofmoviegoersaroundtheworld

D．thegeneralexistenceofthesenseofcuriosity

73．WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?

A．peoplearefarlessfamiliarwiththeworldoffantasy

B．theworldarounduscouldserveasasourceofwonder

C．theworldoffantasycanbemirroredbyasmallandlivelypond.

D．Moderntechnologypreventsusfromdevelopingoursenseofwonder

74．Ifoursenseofwonderreliestotallyontheworldofmake-believe,wewill

A．failtoappreciatethejoyinourlivesB．beconfusedbytheworldofmake-believe

C．missthechancetorecognizethefantasyworldD．betrappedbyotherworldsexistingallaroundus

75.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toshowusthehiddenbeautyinourworld.B.towarnusnottogetlostinthefantasyworld.

C.Toargueagainstthemisuseofthesenseofwonder.

D.Todiscusstheinfluenceoftheworldofmake-believe。

【文章大意】本文讲述了人们对幻想世界的好奇以及幻想世界对我们的影响，旨在告诉我们不要沉溺于幻想的世界，而失去现实生活的快乐。

72.选D.细节理解题。

第二段的主题句thissenseofwonderisuniversal.人们的好奇心是普遍存在的，其中就举了科幻电影thelordoftherings指环王的例子。

所以选D。

选项A、B、C与这一段的主题不相符

73.选B.推理判断题。

句意：

如果没有现代技术，即使一个小小的池塘也能成为一个令人惊异的世界，充满了令人好奇的、美丽植物、昆虫、鸟和动物的世界。

从而我们可以推测出我们现实世界也是很令人好奇的、美丽的，也是一切东西产生的根源。

所以B答案是正确的。

A项人们对幻想世界不熟悉，第三段显示的是沉溺于幻想世界所以A不对。

D项中的prevent错，不是阻止。

C项不合文意。

74．选A.事实细节题。

文章最后一段告诉我们：

生活在幻想世界不一定是坏事，但是当幻想成为我们好奇感的唯一出路的时，我们就会失去一些东西，就会失去与现实世界的联系。

我们周围的确有其它别的奇妙的世界，最有趣的是如果我们仔细观察的话，我们就会明白那些世界真的就是我们自己生活的世界中的一部分。

由此判断选A项，如果我们沉溺于幻想世界，我们也就不能体会到我们现实生活中的快乐。

其它选项中的beconfusedby,miss,betrapped不合文意.

75．选B.推理判断题。

作者从人们对幻想世界好奇感的误用以及生活于幻想世界对我们的影响和我们的现实世界其实也是令人好奇的，美丽的，几个角度来提醒人们，我们现在走的太远了，已脱离了我们现实的世界，失去了生活中的快乐。

所