英语六级真题卷第三套含答案.docx

英语六级真题卷第三套含答案.docx

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英语六级真题卷第三套含答案

PartIWriting

欧阳学文

　　Direction：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldfocusontheharmcausedbymisleadinginformationonline.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

Itseemstobealawinthetechnologyindustrythatleadingcompanieseventuallylosetheirposition,oftenquicklyandbrutally.MobilephonechampionNokia,oneofEurope'sbiggesttechnologysuccessstories,wasno_____（37）,losingitsmarketshareinjustafewyears.

PartⅢReadingComprehension

　　In,Nokiaaccountedformorethan40%ofmobilephonesales_____（38）.Butconsumers'preferenceswerealready_____（39）towardtouchscreensmartphone.WiththeintroductionofApple'siPhoneinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia'smarketshare_____（40）rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof,NokiahadsolditsphonebusinesstoMicrosoft.

　　WhatsealedNokia'sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe_____（41）inOctober.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,thecompany'smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinhistory.

　　ButElopwasnottheonlypersonat_____（42）.Nokia'sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthecompanytoadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most_____（43）,JormaOllila,whohadledNokia'stransitionfromanindustrialcompanytoatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythecompany's_____（44）successtorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness.

　　Thecompanyalsoembarkedona_____（45）costcuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofthousandsofjobs.Thiscontributedtothe_____（46）ofthecompany'soncespiritedculture,whichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthecompany,takingNokia'ssenseofvisionanddirectionwiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia'smostvaluabledesignandprogrammingtalentleftaswell.

A.assumedB.biasC.desperateD.deterioration

E.exceptionF.faultG.incidentallyH.notably

I.previousJ.relayedK.shiftingL.shrank

M.subtleN.transmittingO.worldwide

　SectionB

　　FirstGenerationCollegeGoers:

UnpreparedandBehind

　　Kidswhoarethefirstintheirfamiliestobravetheworldofhighereducationcomeoncampuswithlittleacademicknowhowandaremuchmorelikelythantheirpeerstodropoutbeforegraduation.

　　A）WhenNijayWilliamsenteredcollegelastfallasafiresgenerationstudentandJamaicanimmigrant,hewasacademicallyunpreparedfortherigorsofhighereducation.Likemanyfirstgenerationstudent,heenrolledinamediumsizedstateuniversitymanyofhishighschoolpeerswerealsoattending,receivedaPellGrant,andboardandtheclosenessoftheschooltohisfamily,hechosetoliveathomeandwordedbetween30and40hoursaweekwhiletakingafullclassschedule.

　　B）WhatNijaydidn'trealizeabouthisschool—TennesseeStateUniversity—wasitsfrighteninglylowgraduationrate:

amere29percentforitsfirstgenerationstudents.Attheendofhisfirstyear,NijaylosthisPellGrantofover$5,000afternarrowlymissingthe2.0GPAcutoff,makingitimpossibleforhimtocontinuepayingforschool.

　　C）NijayrepresentsalargeandgrowinggroupofAmericans:

firstgenerationcollegestudentswhoenterschoolunpreparedorbehind.Tomakemattersworse,theseschoolsareillequippedtograduatethesestudents—youngadultswhofacespecificchallengesandobstacles.Theytypicallycarryfinancialburdensthatoutweighthoseoftheirpeers,aremorelikelytoworkwhileattendingschool,andoftenrequiresignificantacademicremediation（补习）.

　　D）MattRubinoffdirectsI'mFirst,anonprofitorganizationlaunchedlastOctobertoreachouttothisspecificpopulationofstudents.Hehopestodistributethisinformationandhelpprospectivecollegegoersfindthebestpostsecondaryfit.AndwhileRubinoffbelievesthereareagoodnumberoffouryearschoolsthattrulycareaboutthesestudentsandsetasidesignificantresourcesandprogramsforthem,hesaysthatnumberisn'thighenough.

　　E）"It'snotonlytheselectiveandeliteinstitutionsthatprovidethoseopportunitiesforasmallsubsetofthispopulation,"Rubinoffsaid,addingthatamajorityoffirstgenerationundergraduatestendtowardoptionssuchasonlineprograms,twoyearcolleges,andcommuterstandschools."Unfortunately,theretendstobealackofinformationandsupporttohelpstudentsthinkbiggerandbroader."

　　F）Despitethisproblem,manystudentsarestilldrawntotheseinstitutions—andtwoyearschoolsinparticular.Asaformerhighschoolteacher,Isawstudentschoosefamiliar,cheaperoptionsyearafteryear.Insteadofskippingoutonhighereducationaltogether,theychosecommunitycollegesorstateschoolswithlowbarsforadmittance.

　　G）"Theyunderestimatethemselveswhenselectingauniversity,"saidDaveJarrat,amarketingexecutiveforInsideTrack,aforprofitorganizationthatspecializesincoachinglowincomestudentsandsupportingcollegesinordertohelpstudentsthrive."Therealityofitisthatalotoflowincomekidscouldbegoingtoeliteuniversitiesonafullridescholarshipanddon'tevenrealizeit."

　　H）"Manystudentsarecomingfromasituationwherenoonearoundthemhastheexperienceofsuccessfullycompletinghighereducation,sotheyarecominginquestioningthemselvesandtheircollegeworthiness,"Jarratcontinued.Thathelpsexplainwhy,asI'mFirst'sRubinoffindicated,theschoolstowhichthesestudentsendupresortingcanendupbeingsomeofthepoorestmatchesforthem.TheUniversityofTennesseeandTennesseeStateareworthcomparing.TennesseeState'soverallgraduationrateisatiny39percent,butatleastithasasmallergapbetweentheoutcomesforfirstgenerationstudentsandthoseoftheirpeers.

　　I）Still,theUniversityofTennesseedeservescreditforbeingtransparent.Manylargeinstitutionskeepthiskindofdatasecret—oratleastmakeitincrediblydifficulttofind.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,forinstance,admitsonlythatthegraduationrateforitsfirstgenerationpupilsis"muchlower"thanthepercentageofallstudentswhograduatewithinfouryears（81percent）.

　　J）Itisactuallyquitedifficulttofindreliablestatistiesontheissueformanyschools.Highereducationinstitutionsare,underfederallaw,requiredtoreportgraduationrates,butthesereportstypicallyonlyincludePellrecipientnumbers—notnecessarilyratesspecifictofirstgenerationstudents.Otherinitiativesfailtobreakdownthedata,too.Imaginehowintimidatingitcanbeforprospectivestudentsunfamiliarwiththecomplexitiesofhighereducationtonavigatethiskindofinformationandthenidentifywhichschoolsarethebestfit.

　　K）ItwasthislackofinformationthatpromptedthelaunchofI'mFirstin,originallyasanarmofitsumbrellaorganization,theCenterForStudentOpportunity."Ifwecanhelptodirectstudentstomoreofthesetypesofcampusesandhelpstudentstounderstandthemtoberealisticandaccessibleplaces,havethemapplytotheseschoolsatgreaterfrequencyandultimatelygetinandenroll,wearegoingtoraisethesuccessrate,"Rubinoffsaid,citingavarietyofcollegesrangingfromlargestateinstitutionstosmallerprivateschools.

　　L）ChelseaJones,whonowdirectsstudentprogrammingatI'mFirst,wasafirstgenerationcollegestudentatHoward.Likeotherstudentnewtotheintimidatinghighereducationworld,sheoftenstruggledonherpathtocollege."Therewasn'treallyacollegeboundcultureatmyhighschool,"shesaid."IwanttogotocollegebutIdidn'treallyknowtheprocess."JonesbecameinvolvedwithacollegeaccessprogramthroughPrincetonUniversityinhighschool.Nowsheattributesmuchofherunderstandingofcollegetothat:

"ButonceIgottocampus,itwasacompletelydifferentballgamethatnoonereallypreparedmefor."

　　M）Shewasfortunate,though.Howard,awellregardedhistoricallyblackcollege,hadanarrayofresourcesforitsfirstgenerationstudents,includingmatchingkidswithcounselors,connectingfirstgenerationstudentstooneanother,andTRIO,anationalprogramthatsupported200studentsonHoward'scampus.Still,Jonesrepresentsasmallpercentageoffirstgenerationstudentswhoareabletogainentryintomoreeliteuniversities,whichareoftenknownforrobustfinancialaidpackagesandremarkablyhighgraduationratesforfirstgenerationstudents.（Harvard,forexample,boastsasixyeargraduationrateforunderrepresentedminoritygroupsof98percent.）

　　N）ChristianVazquez,afirstgenerationTalegraduate,isanotherexception,hissuccessstorysettinghimfarapartfromstudentssuchasNijay."ThereisalotofsupportatYale,toanextent,afterawhile,thereistoomuchsupport."hesaid,halfjokingaboutthecountlessresourcesavailableattheschool.Studentsareplacedinsmallgroupswithcounselors（trainedseniorsoncampus）;theyhaveaccesstoculturalandethnicaffinity（联系）groups,tutoringcentersandalsohaveasummerorientationspecificallyforfirstgenerationstudents（thelatterbeingoneofthemostcommonprogramsforstudents）.

　　O）"Oursupportstructurewasmorelike:

'YouaregoingtogetthroughYale;youaregoingtodowell.'"hesaid,hintingatmentors（导师）,staff,andprofessorswhoallprovidedsignificantsupportforstudentswholackedconfidenceabout"belonging"atsuchatopinstitution.

　46.Manyfirstgenerationcollegegoershavedoubtsabouttheirabilitiestogetacollegedegree.

　47.Firstgenerationcollegestudentstendtohavemuchheavierfinancialburdensthantheirpeers.

　48.ThegraduationrateoffirstgenerationstudentsatNijay's