大学英语六级阅读训练4.docx

大学英语六级阅读训练4.docx

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大学英语六级阅读训练4

大学英语六级阅读训练

Everyday25milionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation'sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafely.

　　Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbuscasualties（死亡人数）isnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone—particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbemandatory（强制性的）•

　　Supportersofseatbeltsonschoolbusesarguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducedeathandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

　　OpponentsofseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration's（NHTSA）safetyrequirementsetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon'twearseatbeltsanyway,andthattheymaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

　　AnewResearchCouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggeststhattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

　　ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentofTransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

　　1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout_______.

　　A.10B.40

　　C.30D.50

　　2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords"aredivided"inParagraph

　　A.disagreeB.separate

　　C.arrangeD.concern

　　3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses'"safety"?

　　A.ANewResearchCouncil.

　　B.TheDepartmentofTransportation.

　　C.TheMedicalOrganizations.

　　D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.

　　4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat_______.

　　A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

　　B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

　　C.analternatesafetydevice（raisingseatbacksfourinches）maybetakeninto

　　consideration

　　D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

　　5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis_______.

　　A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

　　B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

　　C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

　　D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

答案

　　1.B2.A3.D4.D5.A

Accordingtothelatestresearchinthe'UnitedStatesofAmerica,menandwomentalksuchdifferentlanguagesthatitislikepeoplefromtwodifferentculturestryingtocommunicate.ProfessorDeborahTannenofGeorgetownUniversity,hasnoticedthedifferenceinthestyleofboy'sandgirl'sconversationsfromanearlyage.Shesaysthatlittlegirls'conversationislessdefinitethanboys'andexpressesmoredoubts.Littleboysuseconversationtoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners.

　　Thesedifferencescontinueintoadultlife,shesays.Inpublicconversations,mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore.Inprivateconversations,menandwomenspeakinequalamounts—althoughtheysaythingsinadifferentstyle.ProfessorTannenbelievesthat,forwoman,privatetalkingisawaytoestablishandtestintimacy.Formen,privatetalkingisawaytoexplorethepowerstructureofarelationship.

　　Teachingisonejobwherethedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'swaysoftalkingshow.Whenamanteachesawoman,saysProfessorTannen,hewantstoshowthathehasmoreknowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,however,sheismorelikelytotakeasharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.

　　ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymorehelpful.Shesayswomenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingabletohelpothers.Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmentalkandinterruptpeoplemorethanwomen,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencouragethistohappenbecausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship.

　　Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainispre¬programmedforlanguage.Asweareusuallytaughttospeakbywomen,itseemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexualbias（倾向性）initsprogramming,

　　otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.

　　1.Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecause

　　A.itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship

　　B.itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners

　　C.itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearly

　　D.itwillhelptocommunicatebetter

　　2.Thereare_______inlittlegirls'conversationthaninboys'.

　　A.fewerdoubtsB.moredemands

　　C.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties

　　3.Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.Theword"preprogrammed"means_______.

　　A.programmedalreadyB.programmedbeforeoneisborn

　　C.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen

　　4.Inprivateconversation,womenspeak

　　A.thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmen

　　C.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen

　　5.Thethemeofthisarticleis_______.

　　A.womenarenaturallymorehelpful

　　B.menandwomentalkdifferentlanguages

　　C.mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore

　　D.littlegirls'conversationislessdefinite

答案

1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B

Everyday,thenewsoftheworldisrelayedtopeoplebyover300millioncopiesofdailypapers,over400millionradiosets,andover150milliontelevisionsets.Additionalnewsisshownbymotionpictures,intheatresandcinemasallovertheworld.Asmorepeoplelearnwhattheimportanteventsofthedayare,fewerarestillconcernedexclusivelywiththeeventsoftheirownhousehold.AstheEnglishwriterJohnDonneputitnearlyfourhundredyearsago,"nomanisanisland."ThisideaismoreappropriatetodaythanitwaswhenDonnelived.Inshort,whereverhelives,amanbelongstosomesociety;andwearebecomingmoreandmoreawarethatwhateverhappensinoneparticularsocietyaffects,somehow,thelifeanddestinyofallhumanity.

　　Newspapershavebeenpublishedinthemodernworldforaboutfourhundredyears.MostofthenewspapersprintedtodayarereadinEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,soontheymaybereadinallpartsoftheworld,thankstothenewinventionsthatarechangingthetechniquesofnewspaperpublishing.

　　Electronicsandautomationhavemadeitpossibletoproducepicturesandtextfarmorequicklythanbefore.Photographicreproductioneliminatestheneedfortypeandprintingpresses.Andfewerspecialists,suchastype-setters,areneededtoproduceapaperormagazinebythephoto-offset（照相平板胶印）method.Therefore,thepublishingofnewspapersandmagazinesbecomesmoreeconomical.Furthermore,photo-copiescanbesentovergreatdistancesnowbymeansoftelevisionchannelsandsatellitessuchasTelstar.Thus,picturescanbebroughttothepublicmorequicklythanpreviously.

　　Machinesthatprepareprintedtextsforphoto-copiesarebeingusedagreatdealtoday.Thousandsoflettersandfiguresofdifferentsizesandthicknessescannowbearrangedonablackglassdiscthatisonlyeightinchesindiameter,tobeprintedinnegativeform（whiteonablackbackground）.Thedisconthemachineturnsconstantlyattherateoftenrevolutionsasecond.Abeamoflightfromaslroboscopic（频闪的）lampshinesonthedesiredlettersandfiguresforaboutIwo-millionthsofasecond.Thentheimageofthelettersandfiguresthatwereilluminatedisprojectedontoafilmthroughlenses.Thesectionoffilmislargeenoughtoholdtheequivalentofapageoftext.Thereisakeyboardinfrontofthemachinethatissimilartothekeyboardofatypewriter,andthemachineoperatorhasonlytostriketheproperkeysfortheimageofthecorrespondingletterstobeimmediatelytransferredtothefilm.Thenegativeimageonthefilmcanquicklybetransferredontopaper.Thismethodmakesitaseasytoreproducephotographsandillustrationsasitistoreproducethetextitself.

　　Film,beinglightandsmall,canbesentrapidlytootherplacesandusedtoprintcopiesofthetextwheretheyareneeded.Filmimagescanalsobeprojectedeasilyonamovieortelevisionscreen.Televisionbroadcastsarelimitedtoanareathatiswithinsightofthesendingstationoritsrelay（中继）.Althoughtelevisionrelaysareoftenplacedonhillsandmountainssothattheycancoverawiderregion,theystillcannotcovermorelandthanonecouldseefromthesamehilltoponaclearday.However,theraysalsogooutintotheatmosphere,andifthereisarelaystationonasatellitethatrevolvesaroundtheearth,itcantransmitthepicturestoanypointontheearthfromwhichthesatelliteisvisible.Threesatellitespermanentlyrevolvingovertheequatortransmitanytelevisionprogramtoanypartoftheearth.Thismakesitpossibleforworldeditionsofnewspaperstogivethenewsinallcountriesatthesametime.Somedayitmaybepossibleforasubscribertoatelevisednewspapertopressabuttonandseeanewspaperpageonhistelevisio