被动语态(1).ppt

被动语态(1).ppt

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被动语态,语态：

表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。

英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态：

表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态：

表示主语是动作的承受者。

如：

ManystudentsstudyEnglish.（主动语态）Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.（被动语态）,语态,被动语态的结构,助动词be+过去分词（be+done）,bymanystudents.,1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.,English,isstudied,2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,aremade,bythem,inthatfactory.,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：

is/are+过去分词,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.,1.Theyboughtacomputerlastterm,bythemlastterm.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：

was/were+过去分词,lastyear.,2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.,Manytrees,wereplanted,Acomputer,wasbought,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedtheroomsforresting.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：

begoingtobe/willbe+过去分词,1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,bythemintendays.,Thework,willbefinished,2.Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow.,Theroom,isgoingtobecleaned,byTomtomorrow.,Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.,Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：

can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina,byAmy.,Gina,canbetakengoodcareof,2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.,Morewater,shouldbedrunk,byyou.,1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.,Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is/am/are+being过去分词,1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,bysomeworkersnow.,Therooms,arebeingpainted,2.HeiswatchingTV.,TV,isbeingwatched,byhim.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have/hasbeen过去分词,1.Wehavemadeakey,byus.,Akey,hasbeenmade,2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.,Ourcompositions,havebeenfinished,byus.,表格：

被动态基本结构,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,begoingto/willbedone,have/hasbeendone,1.Ourschool_in2002.（开办）2.Theyoungtreesmust___well.（照顾）3._thisbuilding_（建成）lastyear?

4.Thebook__（写）byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge__（不建造）in1989.6.The29thOlympicGameswill__（举行）inUKin2012.,wasopened,belookedafter,Was,built,waswritten,wasntbuilt,beheld,完成下列句子：

Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这些书是为儿童写的。

被动语态的用法,

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.,Itssaid/reported/+that据说/据报道Itsreportedthatitwillraintomorrow.据报道，明天会下雨。

（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。

ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid.,（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,如：

1.Hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.AbookwasgiventomebyTom.2.Iboughthimabook.Hewasboughtabookbyme.Abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme.,givemeabook,间,直,=giveabooktome,直,间,to:

pass,give,show,bringfor:

make,buy,draw,Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Iturnedofftheradio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,-Mychildistakengoodcareof.,-Theradiowasturnedoff（byme）.,即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.,He,wasseen,toplaybasketballlastSunday.,2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.,He,ismade,toworkfor10hours.,3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,4.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动,aboycalledTom一个叫Tom的男孩abookboughtyesterday一本昨天买的书,5.过去分词做宾补，表示被动,get/make/havesthdone使某物被,makemeunderstood使我被理解/使人理解我havemyhaircut使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头,1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时，不能改为被动语态。

Weoftenhelpeachother.2）have,takeplace,happen,feel感觉起来,look看起来,sound,taste,smell不用于被动如:

Ihaveabike.Anaccidenthappenedtohim.Themusicsoundsbeautiful.,6.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,填空（完成被动语态填空）1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改为被动语态）Theirclassroom_often_bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）Anewpen___Tomlastweek.,is,cleaned,wasgivenby,Practice,3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）English___byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）English___forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillreadthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）Thesestory-books___nextmonth.,canbespoken,hasbeenlearned,willberead,5.Doyouliketheskirt?

It_soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?

Youwerehereanhourago.Who_for?

A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait,7._toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Sorry,_already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken,9.Theletter_threedaysagoandit_yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven,11.Water_intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Thebirds_flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto,13.Astrangesound_yesterdayevening.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard14.Abeautifulbike_himbyhisclassmates.A.senttoB.willsenttoC.wassenttoD.willbesentfor,15.MissChen_just_tospeakatthemeeting.A.hasbeenaskedB.hasbeenaskedC.HavebeenaskedD.havebeenasked16.Meat_outinthisshop.Wecan_now.A.havebeensold,getnothingB.hasbeensold,getnothingC.hasbeensold,getsomeD.havebeensold,getsome,17.Thenewplay_intheatrenow.Whydontyougoinandseeit?

A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows18.Canyoutell_?

A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappenedC.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened,19._thejob_byLucyorbyJohn?

A.HasfinishedB.HasbeingfinishedC.IsfinishD.Hasbeenfinished,