16名词性从句语法点及练习.docx
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16名词性从句语法点及练习
《高中英语语法大全》第16章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
例如:
a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。
(强调句型)
d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow. 是John打碎的窗户。
(强调句型)
2.用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…;Itisanhonorthat…;Itiscommonknowledgethat…
(2)Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…Itisstrangethat…
(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句
Itseemsthat…Ithappenedthat…Itappearsthat…
(4)It+过去分词+从句
Itisreportedthat…Ithasbeenprovedthat…Itissaidthat…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
正确表达:
ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.
错误表达:
ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
正确表达:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
错误表达:
Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
正确表达:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
错误表达:
Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
例如:
正确表达:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
错误表达:
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?
4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。
例如:
a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:
Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。
(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:
a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如:
Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2.作介词的宾语,例如:
Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3.作形容词的宾语,例如:
Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:
that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。
也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如:
Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5.*后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
如:
正确表达:
Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.
错误表达:
Iadmirethattheywonthematch.
6.*不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。
例如:
正确表达:
Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.
错误表达:
Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.
7.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:
Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
引导表语从句的that常可省略。
另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。
例如:
1)△Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.
2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.
3)But△thefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.
4)△Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.
四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.
2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:
HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如:
1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
名词性从句练习:
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句:
1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.
3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.
4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.
5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.
6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.
7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.
8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.
9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?
10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.
2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.
3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.
4.____________weneedismoretime.
5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.
6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.
7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.
8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?
9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?
10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.
三、选择填空:
1.Doyousee_____Imean?
A.thatB./C.howD.what
2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why
3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.
A.whatB.thatC./D.how
4.Letmesee_____.
A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whether-Icanrepairtheradio
C.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio
5.Keepinmind_____.
A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersay
C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid
6.Couldyouadviseme_____?
A.whichbookshouldIreadfirstB.whatbookshouldIreadfirst
C.thatbook1shouldreadfirstD.whichbookIshouldreadfirst
7.Hewascriticizedfor_____.
A.hehaddoneitB.whathehaddoneC.whathadhedoneD.thathehaddoneit
8.Wouldyoukindlytellme_____?
A.howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation
B.howIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStation
C.wherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation
D.whethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation
9.Mrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____.
A.whathadsheseeninChinaB.thatshehadseeninChina
C.whatshehadseeninChinaD.whichhadsheseeninChina
10.Wetookitforgranted___
A.thattheywerenotcomingB.thatweretheynotcoming
C.theywerecomingnotD.weretheynotcoining
11.Ireallydon'tknow_____
A.IshoulddonextB.whatshouldIdonext
C.whatIshoulddonextD.howIshoulddonext
12.I'mafraid_____.
A.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedon
B.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateon
C.thelittlegirlwillhavetooperateon
D.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedon
13.Shewalkedupto_____.
A.wheredidIstandB.whereIstood
C.IstoodthereD.whereIstoodthere
14.Canyoutellme_____?
A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswho
C.whothatgentlemanisD.whom.isthatgentleman
15.We'llgiveyou_____.
A.thatdoyouneedB.whatdoyouneed
C.whateveryouneedD.whetherdoyouneed
16.Theywantustoknow_____tohelpus.
A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey
17.Wemustput_____intopractice.
A.whatwehavelearnedB.thatwehavelearned
C.thathavewelearnedD.whathavewelearned
18.Didshesayanythingabout_____?
A.thattheworkwastobedoneB.howwastheworktobedone
C.thatwastheworktobedoneD.howtheworkwastobedone
19.Hewasneversatisfiedwith_____.
A.whatshehadachievedB.hadwhatsheachieved
C.shehadachievedD.thatsheachieved
20.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
21.Peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.
A.onthatB.whatC.thatD.onwhich
22.Theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.
A.whenB.whereC.whyD.that
23.Wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.
A.whatyoudidB.thatyouhaddone
C.thatwhatyoudidD.whatdidyoudo
24.1willdescribetoyou_____Isawwhenthere.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD./
25.From_____Ishouldsayheisagoodworker.
A.what1knowofhimB.thatIdoknowofhim
C.whatdoIknowofhimD.thatdoIknowofhim
26.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.
A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.someone
27._____theywillcomeherehasn'tbeendecidedyet.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Where
28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
A.WhoB.ThethingC.WhateverD.Where
29.Itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.when
30.I'mgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.
A.IfornotB.WhetherornotC.IfD.That
31.Itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
32.Itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.
A.whatB.t