初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx
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初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案
unit 1-3语法-不定式 todo
1.不定式的基本形式与结构ﻫ动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write)所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。
没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法ﻫ1)不定式结构作主语ﻫ1.Tegetcontactwithhisfamilyin Taiwanmade himextremely happysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.
2.To finish thattaskinsuch ashort timeis reallyachallenge.
在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如:
1.Itmade himextremelyhappy toget contactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.
2.Johnadmittedthat itisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.
不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达:
如:
1.It is quite important forusto readgoodbooksduringa generalreview.
2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopass theexam.ﻫ在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind, naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:
ﻫ1.Itis very kindofyouto tellmethetruth.ﻫ2.Itisstupidof himto do suchasilly thing.
2)不定式作宾语ﻫ不定式作宾语有两种:
一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
ﻫ及物动词+带to的不定式结构:
ﻫ只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:
afford, agree,aim, appear, ask, believe,care,claim,decide demand,desire, determine,expect, fail, happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer, pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear, undertake,want,wish等。
1.Hemanaged to solvethecomplicatedproblem.
2.The strangeroffered to show metheway.ﻫ3.Mr.Smithundertookto buildanewplantinSouthAfrica.ﻫ动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:
这类动词常见的有advise,decide,find out,forget, inquire,know, learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach, tell,understand,wonder等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有:
what, when,where,which, how,whether等。
ﻫ1.He doesnot know when to start.ﻫ2.Youcan decidewhether tocontinue orto stop.
3.Iwill show youhow todeal withit.
有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达:
动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。
1.Sheconsiders itnecessarytomakefriendswith him.ﻫ2.We findit difficultto finishallthe homework before9o’clock.
3)不定式做表语ﻫ一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语是不定式(表示结果):
1.To seeistobelieve.ﻫ2.Towork means to earn aliving.
另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:
;例如:
ﻫ1.Hisaimistostudy abroadinthenearfuture.ﻫ2.Themostimportant thing istonegotiate withthemabouttheprice.ﻫ3.WhatI want tosayistoforget alltheunhappyexperience.
4)不定式作定语
不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:
ﻫ第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
例如:
ﻫ1.Therewasreallynothing tofear. ﻫ2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.ﻫ如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。
例如:
ﻫ1.Maryneeds afriendtoplay with.
2.Thatgirlhasnothing toworry about.ﻫ3.Theyhave a strictteacherto listento.ﻫ4.Although the filmhadbeen onforten minutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachair tositon.ﻫ第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:
1.Haveyou gotakeytounlockthedoor?
2.Theactionto be takeniscorrect.ﻫ3.Thereis nothingtobe gainedbypretending.
第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:
ability,attempt,effort,impulse, inclination,wish等。
例如:
1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.
2.Ihavenowishto quarrelwithyou.
3.Neitherofthemhadanyinclinationto do businesswith Mary.ﻫ5)不定式作状语ﻫ不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语:
1.Theyarequite surprised toseethe greatchanges takingplaceinthearea.
2.They arequite surprisedbecausethey see thegreatchangestakingplacein thearea.ﻫ3.Hewas luckytoarrivebeforedark.
4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark.
作目的状语:
1.Sheraisedhervoice tobehearedbetter.ﻫ2.Sheraisedher voiceso thatshecouldheardbetter.
3.We wentviaHeidelbergtomissthe trafficjam.ﻫ4.Wewentvia Heidelbergso thatwe couldmissthetrafficjam.ﻫ作结果状语:
ﻫ1.TheFrenchfootball team played sosuccessfullyastodefeatthe Brazilians.ﻫ2.The Frenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythat theyeven defeatedthe Brazilians.
3.He gottothestationonlyto betoldthetrainhad gone.ﻫ4.He gottothestationandwastoldthatthe trainhad gone.ﻫ不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:
1)在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。
例如:
1.Ioftenheardhimsay thathewouldstudyhard.ﻫ2.Imusthavehim seehisownmistakes.
但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。
例如:
ﻫ1.Hewasoftenheard tosaythat hewouldstudy hard.ﻫ2.Afterhehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswer innumerablequestions.
3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。
例如:
ﻫ1.Helpthe oldlady(to) carrythe heavy box.ﻫ4)在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。
例如:
1.Unlessyou feel to illtogoout,I wouldrathernotstay at hometonight.ﻫ2.Shecould notbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.ﻫ5)在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,1etfall,1etfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsay,heartell,leave goof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。
例如:
ﻫ1.Theyletgooftherope.他们松开了绳子。
2.Johnlet fly a torrentofabuseatme.约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
ﻫ3.I'veheard tellofhim.我听说过他。
4.Someof thefaculty wereletgo forlackofthestudents.由于生源不足,一些教职员工被解雇了。
6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。
例如:
ﻫ1.Hewilldoanythingexceptwork on the farm.ﻫ2.Therewasnothingleft fortheenemytodobut surrender.
3.Thespywasbothhungryandcold;therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogive in.ﻫ4.Ihadno choicebuttowait tillitstoppedraining.ﻫ下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to:
ﻫcannot helpbut,can notchoose but,cannot but,do nothingbut,havenothingtodobut。
例如:
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
如果上述句中有do,to省略:
IdidnothingbutwatchTV lastnight.ﻫ如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to:
ﻫIhavenochoicebut to giveupmyidea.
7)紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。
但是,紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
例如:
Why standupifyoucansit down?
ﻫWhynotask your teacher whenyoudon'tunderstand themeaning?
ﻫYouneedn'tdecideyetwhetherto study artsorscience.ﻫ4.不定式的否定形式
否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。
例如:
1.Idecidednottoaskhim again.
2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethe lightsonwhen youare out.
动词不定式练习
一.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。
ﻫ 1.He wassoangrythathecouldn’tsay anything.ﻫ He wastooangry_______ ______anything.ﻫ 2.Idon’tknow whenwe willhavethemeeting.ﻫ Idon’t knowwhen______________the meeting.ﻫ 3.Hesaidhewouldwrite aletter.ﻫ Hesaid hewouldhavealetter _____________.
4.That youreadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
Itis veryimportant_____you ____________Englishin themorning.
5.Hewasso strongthat hecould liftthestone.(石头)ﻫ Hewasstrong ________________the stone.
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.
HisfatherwenttoBeijing______________his holiday.
7.Theygotupearlyso thattheycouldgetthere intime.ﻫ Theygotupearly ________________________there in time.ﻫ 8.Hisbrother decidedthathewould buythebook.ﻫ Hisbrother decided____________thebook.ﻫ 9. He hopesthat hecanvisittheGreatWall.ﻫ He hopes____________theGreat Wall.ﻫ 10.Isaw himgo intotheroom.
Hewasseen___________into the room.ﻫ 11.Wemade himworkfive hoursaday.
Hewasmade___________five hoursaday.
12.Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?
ﻫ Doyouhaveanything__________ foryourself?
13.Wedon’tknow whatweshalldonext.
Wedon’tknowwhat___________next.
14.I’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.ﻫ I’mverysorry____________the badnews.ﻫ 15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.ﻫ Hestopped_____ ______ alook atme.
16.I helpedhim with hisEnglish.ﻫ Ihelpedhim _____ ______English.ﻫ 17.Myfatherpromised(许诺)thathewouldbuyme abike.
Myfatherpromised ____ ______meabike.
18.Theboxis so heavythatIcan’tcarryit.ﻫ The boxistooheavy______me_______ _______.
19.“Liedown!
”theboysaidtohisdog.ﻫ The boy orderedhis dog____________down.ﻫ 20.“Don’tmakeanynoise, ”shesaid tome.ﻫ Shetoldme_____________________ anynoise.
二. 单选:
1. This company wasthefirst ____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.
A. producing B.toproduce C. having produced D. produced
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnology is to makelifeeasier,____itmore difficult.
A.notmakingB.notmake C .not tomake D.nortomake
3.Helenhadtoshout______above thesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB. to makeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheard D.tomakeherselfheard
4.I don’t knowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.A thisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearing C .tohear D.tohaveheard
5.Thenewsreportershurriedtothe airport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.
A.totell B.tobe told C .telling D.told
6.Youweresillynot_______your car.
A.tolock B.to havelocked C.lockingD. havinglocked
7. Theteacher asked us______somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatall thesoldiers hadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbefore firinganyshots.
A .toissue B.being issued C.to haveissued D.to beissued
9.I’dratherhavearoom ofmyown, however smallitis,than_______aroomwith someoneelse.
A.toshare B.to have shared C.share D.sharing
10.Thebankisreportedinthelocal newspaper_________ inbroad daylightyesterday.
A. robbedB. tohavebeenrobbed C.beingrobbed D.havingbeenrobbed
11.Anumberofpaintingsin thecastle arebelieved________in afire.
A.beingdestroyed B.havingbeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyed D.to have been destroyed
12.Theme