托福考试真题卷.docx

托福考试真题卷.docx

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托福考试真题卷

2022托福考试真题卷

本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。

一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。

每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）

1.extinctionoccurred65millionyearsagowiththedemiseofdinosaursandmanyotherformsoflife.Theword"demise"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

change

B：

recovery

C：

help

D：

death

2.Oneinteresting,andcontroversial,findingisthatextinctionsduringthepast250millionyearshavetendedtobemoreintenseevery26millionyears.Theword"finding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

publishedinformation

B：

researchmethod

C：

ongoingexperiment

D：

scientificdiscovery

3.Eventhenameisanepithet,asynonymforthestunted,thescruffy,theinsignificant,whatisbeautifulaboutsuchaplace?

Theword"insignificant"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

unimportant

B：

undisturbed

C：

immature

D：

inappropriate

4.Potter,forinstance,founditconvenienttolocatetheirworkshopsneartheirsourceofclay,regardlessofitsrelationtothecenterofsettlement.Thephrase"regardlessof"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

asaresultof

B：

nomatterwhat

C：

proudof

D：

accordingto

5.ThetechniquesofpotterymanufacturehadevolvedwellbeforetheGreekperiod,butmarkedstylisticdevelopmentsoccurredinshapeandindecoration,forexample,intheinterplayofblackandotherglazeswiththeredsurfaceofthefiredpot.Theword"marked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

original

B：

attractive

C：

noticeable

D：

patterned

6.Manyareuninhabitable,byvirtueoftheirsmallsizeandparticularcharacteristics,buteventhemostfavoredareveryisolatedfragmentsofland,strictlycircumscribedbytheocean,strictlylimitedintermsofthenumbersofpeopletheycansupport.Thephrase"byvirtueof"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

regarding

B：

becauseof

C：

takingadvantageof

D：

inplaceof

7.Theword"circumscribed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

located

B：

flooded

C：

restricted

D：

pushed

8.Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.Theword"indeterminate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

undecided

B：

uncertain

C：

unacceptable

D：

increasing

9.TheRosettastonethwartedscholars'effortsforseveraldecadesuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturywhenseveralkeyhieroglyphicphrasesweredecodedusingtheGreekinscriptions.Theword"thwarted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

continued

B：

influenced

C：

encouraged

D：

frustrated

10.Lichens,probablythehardiestofallplants,livewherevirtuallynothingelsecan---notjustonruggedmountainpeaksbutalsoonsunbakeddesertrocks.Theword"hardest"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

mostunusual

B：

mostbasic

C：

mostabundant

D：

mostvigorous

11.Whenwaterisscarce（asisoftenthecaseonamountain）,lichensmaybecomedormantandremaininthatconditionforprolongedperiodsoftime.Theword"prolonged"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

precise

B：

extended

C：

approximate

D：

regular

12.Fordecades,scientistswonderedhowtheoffspringofanalgaandafungusgottogethertoformanewlichen;itseemedunlikelythattheywouldjusthappentoencounteroneanother.Theword"encounter"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

lose

B：

support

C：

meet

D：

create

13.Newberynotwithstanding,Americansstilllookedonchildren'sbooksasvehiclesforinstruction,notamusement,thoughtheywouldacceptamoderateamountoffictionalentertainmentforthesakeofmoresuccessfulinstruction.Theword"notwithstanding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

inspiteof

B：

inadditionto

C：

asaresultof

D：

asapartof

14.Asthechildren'sbookmarketexpanded,then,whatbothpublicandpublisherswantedwasthekindoffictionMariaEdgeworthwrote:

storiesinterestingenoughtoattractchildrenandmorallyinstructiveenoughtoallayadultdistrustoffiction.Theword"allay"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

clarify

B：

attack

C：

reduce

D：

confirm

15.Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious,self-reflective,andindependent---strong>testimonytothecontinuinginfluenceoftheearlierAmericanmoralistictraditioninchildren'sbooks.Theword"testimonyto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

inspirationfor

B：

evidenceof

C：

requirementfor

D：

developmentof

16.Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Theword"distinctive"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

unique

B：

accurate

C：

irregular

D：

similar

17.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Theword"yield"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

imitate

B：

produce

C：

revise

D：

contrast

18.Butnotallanimalparents,eventhosethattendtheiroffspringtothepointofhatchingorbirth,feedtheiryoung.Theword"tend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

siton

B：

move

C：

notice

D：

carefor

19.Fewinsectsfeedtheiryoungafterhatching,butsomemakeotherarrangement,provisioningtheircellsandnestswithcaterpillarsandspidersthattheyhaveparalyzedwiththeirvenomandstoredinastateofsuspendedanimationsothattheirlarvaemighthaveasupplyoffreshfoodwhentheyhatch.Theword"provisioning"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

supplying

B：

preparing

C：

building

D：

expanding

20.Foranimalsotherthanmammals,then,feedingisnotintrinsictoparentalcare.Animalsaddittotheirreproductivestrategiestogivethemanedgeintheirlifelongquestfordescendants.Theword"edge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

opportunity

B：

advantage

C：

purpose

D：

rest

21.Youngthatarefedbytheirparentsbecomenutritionallyindependentatamuchgreaterfractionoftheirfulladultsize.Andinthemeantimethoseyoungareshieldedagainstthevagariesoffluctuatingofdifficult-to-findsupplies.Theword"shielded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

raised

B：

protected

C：

hatched

D：

valued

22.Asecond,moredenseatmosphere,however,graduallyenvelopedEarthasgassesfrommoltenrockswithinitshotinteriorescapedthroughvolcanoesandsteamvents.Theword"enveloped"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

surrounded

B：

changed

C：

escaped

D：

characterized

23.Withmuchofthewatervaporalreadycondensedintowaterandtheconcentrationofcarbondioxidedwindling,theatmospheregraduallybecamerichnitrogen.Theword"gradually"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

accidentally

B：

quickly

C：

intheend

D：

bydegrees

24.Atanyrate,plantgrowthgreatlyenrichedouratmospherewithoxygen.Thereasonforthisenrichmentisthatplants,inthepresenceofsunlight,processcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceoxygen.Theword"Atanyrate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

regardless

B：

inaddition

C：

althoughunlikely

D：

fortunately

25.Over25,000islandsarescatteredacrossthesurfaceofthePacific,morethaninalltheotheroceanscombined,buttheirlandareaaddsuptolittlemorethan125,000squarekilometers,aboutthesizeofNewYorkState,andtheirinhabitantstotallessthantwomillionpeople,aboutaquarterofthenumberthatliveinNewYorkCity.Theword"scattered"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

widelyknown

B：

usuallyestimated

C：

rarelyinhabited

D：

irregularlydistributed

26.Itspeoplesbecamegreattraders,barteringjewellery,pottery,animalpelts,tools,andothergoodsalongextensivetradingnetworksthatstretchedupanddowneasternNorthAmericaandasfarwestastheRockyMountains.Theword"bartering"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

producing

B：

exchanging

C：

transporting

D：

loading

27.Overthenextcenturies,itwassupplantedbyanotherculture,theMississippian,namedaftertheriveralongwhichmanyofitsearliestvillageswerelocated.Theword"supplanted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

conquered

B：

preceded

C：

replaced

D：

imitated

28.Mostofthesetownsboastedatleastonemajorflat-toppedmoundonwhichstoodatemplethatcontainedasacredflame.Onlypriestsandthosechargedwithguardingtheflamecouldenterthetemples.Thephrase"chargedwith"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

passedon

B：

experiencedat

C：

interestedin

D：

assignedto

29.Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Theword"prime"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

principal

B：

complex

C：

general

D：

recent

30.Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess（fromItalianintagliare,"tocarve"）.Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theword"incised"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

burned

B：

cut

C：

framed

D：

baked

31.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfra-redradiation.Theword"eerily"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

strangely

B：

increasingly

C：

slightly

D：

superficially

32.Theyare,infact,remarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.Theword"surpassed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A：

recorded

B：

exceeded

C：

found

D：

provided

33.Andhewaskindtome;Iwillalwaysbegratefulthatinhisabsolutewarmthandgenerosityhefulfilledmydeepestdream（andneed）ofwhatapoetsho