最新中考初中七选五精编讲练.docx
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最新中考初中七选五精编讲练
中考初中七选五精编讲练
给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有7个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选
出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
主要考察考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
两个类型：
有小标题、没有小标题。
出题位置：
小标题、总说处（小标题前的题）、小标题下面的题目、总结处
一、充分利用题目自身特点解题
1.有小标题题
1）观察其他小标题，观察句式和内容的一致性，呼应、对仗。
小标题一般是祈使句、if和when引导的条件状语从句等。
原理：
小标题的本质是中心句，对段落内容的概括总结。
__________
Tellingsomeonethatyoucan'trememberhisnamecanactuallymakepeoplerelaxed.Mostofthemwillfeelsympathyifyousay,"I'mworkingtoremembernamesbetter.Yoursisrightonthetipofmytongue.Whatisitagain?
"
A.Ifyoucan'tremembersomeone'sname,youmaytellhimthetruth
B.Admityoudon'tknow
C.Reciteandrepeatnames
D.Letothershelpyouremembertheirnames.
B小标题，简明
Beontime
Whenmeetingsomeonefor….
Introduceyourselfandaskfornames
Makesureyouproperly….
Smile!
It’stheeasiestwaytoletsomeoneknowthatyou’renice!
Befun!
…
Listen!
…
小标题——短小精悍，结构一致
_____
Askpeoplewhotakeclasseswithyourquestionsabout
whattheystudytoday.
A.Change!
B.Askaquestion!
C.Classworkisagreaticebreaker.
D.Say“hello”andseewhathappens.
E.Anddon’tjusttalkaboutyourselfallthetime.
F.Eventheshyestpersoncanmanagealittlesmile.
G.Weallpreferspendingtimewithpeoplewhomakeusfeelhappy.
答案B
2）分析小标题间的逻辑关系
3）读懂翻译下面整个段落，总结段落中心（100%正确率）
4）关键词复现，寻找段落里寻找重复出现的核心概念（95%正确率，不需要全懂文章，需要的词汇量小）.
关键词包括：
相同词、近义词、反义词、同根词、同畴词、同构复现（相同句型结构，相同词不同结构）等。
同构词：
fall–fell（不同时态）beauty–beautiful（不同词性）
act–action（不同词性）mate–roommate（相同词根）
police–policeman（相同词根）
同畴词：
jacket（夹克）clothes（衣服）夹克是衣服中的一种。
fruit:
apple,orange,banana…
furniture（家具）:
bed,table,armchair…
sports:
running,swimming,jumping…
例1
Beforeyoushakehandswithsomebody,makesurethatyourhandsareclean.The
handshakeshouldnotbetoostrongorweak.Mostpeopleusetheirrighthands,unlesstheyhaveareasontousetheleft.____
A.Itcouldbeasimilartasteinclothesoracommonhobby.
B.You’llbeinserioustroubleifyouleavethemwithabadimpression.
C.However,don’thaveyourlefthandinyourpocketsbecausethisappearsimpolite.
C同词复现：
上段结尾最后一个词left和C选项中的left。
例2
Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly．Ourbodieshavenotbeen
abletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses._______
Sotheyarecalled"diseasesofcivilization"．Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.
A.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.
B.Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.
C.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.
D.Ancientpeoplealsogotlotsofphysicalexercise.
E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.
F.Peopletodayprobablydon'twanttolivelikeourancestors.
G.Modernpeopleusedtosufferfrom"diseasesofcivilization".
E同词复现：
空前sickness和C选项中sickness
例3
Abirthdaysurprise
Nathanwokeupearlyandracedintothekitchen.Hesawhisfamilypreparingtheirbreakfastjustlikeeveryotherday._____
Wherewashisbirthdaycake?
Didhisfamilyforgethisspecialday?
A.Andtherewasnobody.
B.Wherewerehisbirthdaypresents?
C.Allhesawwasanotnotheground.
B同构复现：
wherewashisbirthday…？
例4
Don’tforgettowearahelmet（头盔）
Whetheryou’reabeginneroranexpert,you’regoingtofall,andsometimesyou’regoingtofallhard.“Iwentdowntoonerunthatwasprettyhard,”Nate,askiinglearner,says,“______”.
Youdon’thavetobuyalotofexpensiveandnewgear（装备）
Someskierswhoownednicewinterjacketscouldn’tgoonthetrip.________“Ihaveaneighborwholetmeborrowsomeofhisgear.Thatwasveryhelpful,”says13-year-oldMattRizer.
A.Don’tworryaboutfalling.
B.IfeltlikeIwaslearningprettyquickly.
C.IfelldownandIwasgladIwaswearingahelmet.
D.Don’tthinkthatyouskiwellenoughnottowearahelmet.
E.Sotheylenttheirclothestootherskiers.
CE同构词：
第一段中you’regoingtofall中fall和C选项中fell。
同畴词：
第二段中jackets和E选项中的clothes。
例5
Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouare
stressed:
（1）Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives._____Theymighthavehadsimilarproblemssuchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.
A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.
C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways
E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.
F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.
F可以相信的人=父母+亲戚+朋友（同范畴）
例6
Sometimeskidsaregladtoheara“no”fromtheirparents.______
A.Therearetwotypesofparentslove.
B.Itseemsahappyfeelingtogetoutofparents’control.
B近义词：
glad和happy
例7
Whenwechangeourjobsorschools,itoftenleavesuswithoutafriend._____Butfor
manyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.
A.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.
B.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.
A反义词：
difficult和easy
例8
Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayinclude、day-to-day
opportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.______Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,…
A.Thefollowingareitsadvantages.
B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.
C.Consideradistanceeducation.
D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.
B反义词复现:
advantages和disadvantageshowever表转折
例9
Don'tfearpeople
________.Thereasonmostpeopledon'ttakerisks,orliveontheedgeisthefearofwhat
othersmightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikedbyeverybody.
A.Focusonyourowntalentsandstrengths
B.Neverletothers'opinionsguideyourchoices.
C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo.
C派生词复现小标题fear和C中fearless
2.总说题：
引出话题、概括性
3.小标题下的题目
小标题下面的内容一定会重复小标题的词，但是出题的那句可能会现标题的词，也
可能不出现。
读选项时，如果选项重复出现小标题中的词直接备选，原理：
关键词复现。
例1
Befun!
________Thinkaboutthepeopleyoumostenjoybeingwith—usuallytheyarealwaysontheupandup.Beingfunmakespeoplehappyandbrightensthewaytheythinkofyou.Itmakesyouseemlikeyoutrulylovelifeandyoucandealwithanyproblemsthatyouhavetoface.
A.Change!
B.Askaquestion!
C.Classworkisagreaticebreaker.
D.Say“hello”andseewhathappens.
E.Anddon’tjusttalkaboutyourselfallthetime.
F.Eventheshyestpersoncanmanagealittlesmile.
G.Weallpreferspendingtimewithpeoplewhomakeusfeelhappy.
G段首句概括文段，与小标题相呼应。
例2
Howfastcanahomeremodeling（改造）projectbecompleted?
______Atleast,that’sthetimerequirementofthepopularTVshowcalledTradingSpaces.
A.About48hours.
B.Wow!
That’sgreat!
C.Butyoudidn’tseethatontheshow.
D.Theylovedredecoratingtheirneighbors’place.
E.Itsometimestakesseveralmonthstoremodelahome.
F.ButonecoupleinPortland,Oregon,hatedtheirnewroom.
G.Thepeoplewhoappearontheshowareactorsandtheyenjoytheexperience.
A段中承上启下
例3
Theyworkalotmore.
Almosteveryextremelysuccessfulpersonworksmorehoursthantheaverageperson
—alotmore.Theyhavelonglistsofthingstheywanttoget
done.__________
A.Theyavoidthecrowds.
B.Theyarenevertooproud.
C.Decidewhereyouwanttoendup.
D.Sotheyhavetoputinlotsoftime.
E.Keepinmindsellingisn’tcontrolling.
F.Successfulpeopledon’ttrytowinjustonerace.
G.Butyou’llworkalotharderifthereisnootherchoice.
D段尾——总结，承上启下
4.总结结论高度概括
5.无小标题
1）整句和半句的题
整句就是一个完整的句子，主谓宾或主系表结构。
加的是句号。
半句就是有从句，无主句；介词短语；选项中缺少动词；加的是逗号，你能观察出，选项是半句话，且题目让你填入的是半句话。
观察各段首句，也许隐含着呼应。
2）总分结构题：
总说和分说。
二、所有题目的通用解法——寻找选项中的代冠连
1.代词
代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地题。
选项中有代词，空格前一句必须有被指代的名词。
空格后面有代词，选项里必须有被指代的名词。
比如：
this,that,these,
those,such等。
it:
代指单数名词或整个句子；they/them:
代指复数名词；
one:
代指单数可数名词；that:
代指不可数名词或句子；
this:
代指单数名词或句子；these/those:
代指前句的复数名词。
例1
_______Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,…
A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.
B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.
C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.
AThey代指doctors
例2
______.Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontroloftheirtemper.Theymay
actinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplemaysaythatsomeonehastroublecontrolling
theirtemper._____
E.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeelingangry.
G.Somekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeotherkids.
GE第一个their代指Gsomekids，E中they代指people
2.冠词（a/an、the）
选项中有the+n.，说明上句话必须出现这个n.（固定用法不算）
空格后有the+n.，说明空格句必须出现这个n.
3.连词
1）选项有连词，选项句首有来年次，依据连词逻辑，推测空格前内容，有词重复，重复什么不一定。
2）上下句的连词有意义___________，but李华没有女朋友。
前一句话必须有名词重复，重复什么不一定。
【1】小明有女朋友，but李华没有女朋友。
（名词重复）
【2】李华很有钱，but李华没有女朋友。
（翻译两句话，逻辑一致）
4.李宇春
男人帅，__________，李宇春帅。
A.女人也帅B.不但男人帅，女人也帅
C.李宇春是男人D.不但男人帅，老人也帅
如果李宇春是男人，C就对了；D错，因为李宇春不是老人
A和B对了，因为李宇春是女的。
原理：
选项里的句子需要承上启下，既有上句内容重复，也有下句内容重复，被上下句含义范围进行限定。
上下句内容限定了选项中能出现的内容范围，无关词or超出范围的词排除掉。
这是亚里士多德的形式逻辑三段论，应用的是逻辑关系。
实在读不懂句子，找重复名词。
常见的逻辑关系词
并列：
also,too,then,and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,first,second,firstly,next,foronething,foranotherthing…,either…or,neither…nor…
因果：
for,because,becauseof,such,since,as,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,asaresult,consequently,so…
转折：
however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise,but,while….
解释：
infact,actually,forexample,inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatistosay….
递进：
further,furthermore,m
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