高考英语总复习微专题训练第16练自然与环保类二2.docx
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高考英语总复习微专题训练第16练自然与环保类二2
第16练自然与环保类
（二）
高考高频单词与短语识记排查
单词识记：
shortage urban advocate ecofriendly
preserveprovincesmogchallenge
mountainpreventconservationdamage
decoratesituationsmelldisappearance
destroypurposerecycleenvironment
短语扫描：
preventsb./sth.（from）doingsth.阻止某人/物做某事
inturn依次；反过来；转而
leadto导致；致使
lowcarbon低碳的
globalwarming全球变暖
greenhouseeffect温室效应
takeaction/measures/steps采取行动/措施
attachgreatimportanceto...十分重视……
belinkedwith与……有联系
befacedwith面临
[跟踪训练]
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．The（short）ofcottonkeptthepricesup.
2．Idon’tlikepubs.They’renoisy，（smell），andwhat’smore，expensive.
3．Withnoonetoturntoinsuchafrightening（情形），shefeltveryhelpless.
4．Aimedatahighertarget，thetaskismore（challenge）．
5．Inthe（damage）housethefirefighterssavedalotofinjuredpeople，buttheycouldn’tbesenttohospitalbecauseoftheblockedroad.
Ⅱ.单项填空
6．ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.
A．attackingB．havingattacked
C．beingattackedD．havingbeenattacked
7．Whilestayinginthevillage，Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything.
A．inreturnB．incommon
C．inturnD．inplace
8．Atminus130℃alivingcellcanbeforathousandyears.
A．sparedB．protected
C．preservedD．developed
9．Children’scuriositymaymanyusefulinventions.
A．leadtoB．takeplace
C．gatherinD．bringaway
10．Chinesecultureaparticularlyhighvaluetotheideathatfamiliesshouldlivetogether.（2016·江苏镇江期中）
A．chargesB．points
C．presentsD．attaches
知识运用与阅读能力专练
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2017·湖北沙市中学模拟）
ThatholidaymorningIdidn’thavetoattendschool.Usually，onholiday，mother1metosleepin.AndIwouldcertainlytakefulladvantageofit.Onthisparticularmorning，2，Ifeltlikegettingupearly.
Istoodbymywindowoverlookingthe3，havingnothingbettertodo.Butasitturnedout，Iwassoontolearnaboutsomething4inlife.
AsIwatchedseveralpeoplegoby，getintotheircarsanddriveoff，I5anoldmanonabicyclewithabucketonits6andabasketofragsandbottlesonitsbackcarriage.He7fromonecartoanother，washingandcleaningthem.Fromthewaterontheground，itseemedthathehadalready8washingandcleaningaboutadozenormorecars.Hemusthavebeguntoworkquiteearlyinthemorning.
Severalthoughts9mymindasIwatchedhimwork.Hewasn’twelldressed.Hehadonapairofshortsanda（n）10Tshirt.Thebicycleherodewasnotbyanymeansthekindmodern11wouldwanttobeseenridingon.Butheseemed12withlife.Therehewas，workinghardathissmallbusiness13atpassersbyandstoppingtochatnowandthen14elderlymenandwomenontheirwaytothemarketnearby.
Therewasanoticeabletouchof15inthewayheseemedtobedoingthings16thewindscreen（挡风玻璃），thenstandingbacktoadmireit，scrubbing（擦净）thewheeland17，standingbacktoseewhattheylookedlikeafterthescrub.
Itwasa18tolearn，Ifelt.Atnoageneedonehavetobegfora19ifonehasgoodhealthandiswillingtoworkhard.ForawhileIfelt20ofmyself.YoungasIam—justsixteen，andtherewasthisoldmanwhomusthavebeenusefullyengagedperhapsbeforethesunappearedabovethehorizon.
1．A.forcesB．allows
C．causesD．forbids
2．A.otherwiseB．therefore
C．howeverD．besides
3．A.parkinglotB．busstop
C．schoolD．market
4．A.interestingB．surprising
C．awfulD．useful
5．A.noticedB．recognized
C．calledD．assisted
6．A.backB．handle
C．wheelD．seat
7．A.searchedB．left
C．movedD．wandered
8．A.stoppedB．started
C．intendedD．finished
9．A.crossedB．slipped
C．disturbedD．inspired
10．A.attractiveB．shiny
C．simpleD．expensive
11．A.repairmenB．businessmen
C．driversD．cyclists
12．A.busyB．content
C．carefulD．bored
13．A.wavingB．looking
C．laughingD．pointing
14．A.aboutB．for
C．withD．like
15．A.worryB．respect
C．sympathyD．pride
16．A.cleaningB．fixing
C．replacingD．covering
17．A.stillB．yet
C．againD．soon
18．A.lessonB．subject
C．skillD．fact
19．A.businessB．living
C．successD．right
20．A.tiredB．doubtful
C．fearfulD．ashamed
Ⅱ.阅读理解
（2016·浙江温岭市模拟）
Businessisoftenseenasthe“badguy”inenvironmentalmattersbecausepeoplefeelthatbusinesseswilldoanythingtomakeaprofit.Unluckily，thisistoooftenthecase.Manybusinesspeople，infact，believethattheycannotmakeaprofitandbekindtotheenvironmentatthesametime.However，itdoesnotnecessarilyhavetobethisway.Usingcommonbusinessstrategies，companieshavefoundwaystobecomeenvironmentallyfriendly，or“green”，andincreasetheirprofitsatthesametime.
Onesuchstrategythatbusinessesuseisknownas“productdifferentiation.”Thistermmeansthatacompanyadvertisesthefactthatitsproductisdifferentfromothersimilarproducts.Anumberofenvironmentallyfriendlycompanieshavedonethissuccessfully.Forexample，inmarketingtheirproducts，organicfoodcompaniesemphasizetheorganicaspect.Thatis，theyhighlightthefactthatnochemicalshavebeenusedtogrowthefood，andsoitisbetterforconsumers’healthandfortheenvironment.Thesedays，manyconsumersarelookingforproductsthathavenonegativehealthorenvironmentaleffects.
Another“green”businessstrategythathasbeensuccessfuliswastereduction.Manycompanieshaveregardedwasteandpollutionasanecessarypartoftheproductionprocess.Theyhavedonelittletopreventeitherwasteorpollution，unlesstherearelawsthatforcethemto.However，othercompanieshaverealizedthattherearesurelysomeadvantagestoreducingwasteandpollution.Lesswasteandlesspollutionmeansamoreefficientproductionprocess.The3MCompanyintheUnitedStatesisagoodexampleofthis.In1975，itstartedaprogramthatrewardedemployeesforsuccessfulideasabouthowtoreducewasteandpreventpollution.Thisprogramhashelpedthecompanypollutemuchlessandsavemorethanhalfabilliondollars.
Somecompanieshavetakentheideaofwastepreventionevenfurtherandhavebecome“zerowaste”companies.Thatmeanstheyproducenowasteatallbecauseeverythingfromtheproductionprocessisusedorrecycled.AsahiBreweriesofJapan，forexample，sendsthewastefromitsbeerproductiontofarmstobeusedasanimalfeed.Theplasticandcardboardpiecesleftoverfrompackagingareallrecycled，too.
Finally，companiescanbecome“greener”byplanningfora“greener”future.Forexample，twoenergycompanies，RoyalDutch/ShellandBritishPetroleum，havestartedtoinvestinrenewableenergysources，suchassolar，wind，orhydrogenenergy.ShellisalsoworkingwithDaimlerChrysler，anautomobilecompany，andthegovernmentofIcelandonaspecialprojecttomakeIcelandthefirstcountrywithahydrogenbasedeconomy.Othermultinationalcompanieshavealsorealizedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecouldhurttheirbusiness，andtheyhavedecidedtocutdowntheamountofharmfulgasesthattheirfactoriesproduce.Ofthese，Dupontisoneoftheleaders.Itaimsby2020toreduceharmfulgasesby65percentfromthe2010amounts.Italsoplanstolimititsenergyuseto2010levelsandtouserenewablesourcesofenergyfor10percentofalltheenergyituses.
21．Howcanbusinessmenmakeprofitswithoutdoingmuchharmtotheenvironment?
A．Bycarryingoutsomestrategies.
B．Bymarketingtheirproducts.
C．Bycompetingwithothercompanies.
D．Byadvertisingthestrengthsofproducts.
22．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?
A．Manycompaniescarelittleaboutreducingwastedespitethelaws.
B．Allcompaniesactivelyparticipateinthewastereductioncampaign.
C．Somecompanieshaverealizedthattheycanbenefitfromlesspollution.
D．Employeesinthe3MCompanyarerewardedforanyideaaboutpollution.
23．AsahiBreweriesisanexampleofcompaniesthat.
A．useanimalfeedtomakebeer
B．makenoprofits
C．havereducedwasteandpollution
D．producenowasteatall
24．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatmanycompanies.
A．stopproducingharmfulgases
B．arealready“zerowaste”companies
C．haveabandonedtraditionalenergyresources
D．willtakeactiontobecomeenvironmentallyfriendly
25．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?
（①＝Paragraph1；②＝Paragraph2；③＝Paragraph3；④＝Paragraph4；⑤＝Paragraph5）
答案解析
高考高频单词与短语识记排查
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.1.shortage 2.smelly 3.situation 4.challenging5．damaged
Ⅱ.6.C [根据题干中出现的“preventChinesefishingboatsfrom”可知此处考查preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.结构。
根据句意可判断渔船应该是“被攻击”，故应选择动名词的被动形式，从而排除表示主动形式的A、B两项；D项havingbeenattacked为动名词的完成被动式，表示动作已完成，而题干句意并未表明渔船已经受到了攻击，故排除D项。
正确答案为C。
]
7．A [考查介词短语辨析。
句意为：
当James住在村子里的时候，他无私地同村民们分享了他拥有的一切，没有要求任何东西作为回报。
inreturn作为回报，符合句意。
incommon共有，公有；inturn反过来，轮流；inplace在正确位置。
]
8．C [句意为：
在零下130摄氏度，一个活细胞可以保存一千年。
preserve保存，符合题意。
]
9．A [句意为：
儿童的好奇心会引出许多有用的发明。
leadto导致；takeplace发生；gatherin收集；bringaway带着（某个记忆、回忆）回来。
根据句意选A项。
]
10．D [句意为：
中国文化特别重视这种观点，即家人应该生活在一起。
attachvaluetosth.为固定短语，意为“重视，认为……有价值”。
charge充电，收费，要价，指控，控告；point指向，表明；present呈现，展示，陈述。
]
知识运用与阅读能力专练
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读某假日的早晨，作者起得早早的。
窗外停车场上，一位普通洗车工忙碌而怡然自得的情景令他悟得人生之真谛：
身体棒，肯劳动，就会成为有用之人！
1．B [句意为：
通常在假期，母亲会允许我多睡一会儿。
force强迫；allow允许；cause导致；forbid禁止。
故选B。
]
2．C [上文说妈妈允许我睡懒觉，我也充分利用这个机会，而后文是说我今天起得很早。
前后句意有转折含义。
故选C。
]
3．A [由下文对擦车工擦车的描述可知，作者所观察的是一处停车场，而不是“公共汽车站”、“学校”和“市场”。
]
4．D [由下文可知，作者学到的是对人生有用的东西，最后一段最后一句中的usefully是提示词。
]
5．A [“我”站在窗前观察着走过的几个人，看着他们进入他们的汽车并驾车离去，而与此同时，“留意到/注意到”一个骑自行车的老人（因与众不同而被留意/注意）。
]
6．B [由本句的后半句可知，老人的抹布和瓶子放在后边的车架上，那么他的水桶是挂在自行车车把上。
这是描述这位擦车工骑自行车带着他的擦车工具的情形。
]
7．C [老人从一辆车移动到另一辆，给车做清洁工作。
]
8．D [从地上的水来推断，老人已经完成12辆或者更多车的擦洗工作了。
finishdoingsth.做完某事，为固定搭配。
]
9．A [句意为：
在我观察老人工作的时候，几个想法浮现出来。
crossone’smind（想法）浮上心头，为固定搭配。
]
10．C [从上句“Hewasn’twelldressed.”可知，老人穿得不是很好，由此可以推断老人穿了一件朴素的T恤衫。
]
11．D [句意为：
老人骑的自行车也绝对不是现在骑自
升级会员 