中考备战英语之阅读理解选项特征.docx

中考备战英语之阅读理解选项特征.docx

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中考备战英语之阅读理解选项特征

中考备战英语之阅读理解选项特征

正确选项的十大特征

　　1.正确答案通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意，作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度有关。

注意：

这是解题基调，如果作者在文中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价，那么选项中出现消极反面的，与事实相反的肯定不是解。

　　2.正确答案所在位置：

　　①首段段尾句；②转折处；③因果关系处；④条件关系处。

　　3.正确答案设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换，或者正话反说，反话正说。

　　4.正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：

canmaymight，possible，notnecessarily，some尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。

　　5.正确答案具有概括性（考察考生的理解归纳能力），深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。

　　6.难的最可能是答案。

这与命题动机有些相似，难的比容易的更能考察考生对语言的理解能力，具体体现在下面几个方面：

　　①否定的比肯定的难，否定的是答案（包括否定，双重和多重否定）。

　　②抽象的比具体的难，抽象深刻的是答案，具体肤浅的不是。

　　③动态变化的比静态的难，动态变化的是答案。

　　④未知难于已知，未知的是答案。

　　7.正面积极、符合逻辑的是答案，内容负面消极、不合逻辑的不是答案。

（中考作为国内较高层次的考试，相信没人会冒天下之大不韪，引导考生走向歧途，因此，积极的、与客观真理相符合的是答案）

　　8.常规的不是答案，观点新且合理的是答案。

（具体情况具体分析）

　　9.含义与文章内容方向一致的，描述客观的是答案。

　　10.选项含义丰富有弹性的是答案，绝对的无端的不是答案。

具体体现在：

　　①特殊说明的是答案。

　　②不肯定的是答案，部分的是答案。

　　③有条件的是答案，相对的是答案。

　　注意：

四个选项中有两项意思相反时，其中必有一个是答案。

二、错误选项的十大特征

　　1.无中生有

　　2.常识判断：

符合常识的不一定是答案，不符合常识的一定不是答案

　　3.正反混淆

　　4.答非所问（答案不错但不符合要求）

　　5.过分绝对（always、often、absolutely、completely，no+名词）

　　6.扩大范围

　　7.因果倒置

　　8.盲目推证

　　9.偏离中心

　　10.偷换概念

阅读巩固练习

（一）

Althoughpeopleeverywhereseemtoenjoydrinkingcoffee，theydon'tallhavethesamecoffeeculture.InEuropeforexample,coffeeshopsarecommonplacesforpeopletomeetfriendswhiletheydrinkcoffee.Ontheotherhand,placeslikethiswerenotascommoninNorthAmericainthepast.Instead,peopleinNorthAmericalikedtodrinkcoffeeintheirhomeswithfriends.ThecoffeecultureintheUSAchanged,whenStarbucks（星巴克）coffeeshopsspreadthroughoutthecountry．

ThefirstStarbuckscoffeeshopopenedin1971indowntownSeattle,Washington，intheUSA.Itwasasmallcoffeeshopthatcookeditsowncoffeebeans.Thecoffeeshop'sbusinessdidwell,andby1981therewerethreeStarbucksstoresinSeattle.

Thingsreallybegantochangeforthecompanyin1981.Thatyear,HowardSchultzmetthethreemenwhoranStarbucks.SchultzworkedinNewYorkforacompanythatmadekitchenequipment（设备）.HenoticedthatStarbucksorderedalargenumberofspecialcoffeemakers,whichcausedhisgreatinterest.SchultzwenttoSeattletoseewhatStarbucksdid.In1982,theoriginalStarbucksownershiredSchultzasthecompany'sheadofmarketing（市场营销）.

In1983,SchultztraveledtoItaly.Thespecialenvironmentoftheespresso（浓咖啡）barstherecaughthiseyes.BackintheUSA,SchultzcreatedanenvironmentforStarbuckscoffeeshopsthatwascomfortableandcasual,andcustomerseverywhereseemedtolikeit.StarbucksbeganopeningmorestoresintheUSA.Thenthecompanyopenedcoffeeshopsinothercountriesaswell.Today,therearemorethan16,000Starbuckscoffeeshopsallovertheworld.

However，thatdoesnotmeanStarbuckshasnothadproblems.Infact,manyStarbucksstoreshaveclosedoverthepastfewyears.Ontheonehand,thisisbecausethereweretoomanycoffeeshopscompeting（竞争）forbusinessinonesmallarea.Ontheotherhand,storesinsomecountriesclosedbecausethecoffeeculturetheredidnotmatchwiththecomfortableenvironmentofferedbyStarbucks.

（   ）1.Theunderlinedword"ran"inParagraph3probablymeans.

A.closed    B.managed    C.made    D.sold

（   ）2.Accordingtothepassage,whichistherightorderforthefollowingsentences？

a.ThismanhelpedtomakeStarbucksahugecoffeecompany.

b.StarbucksbeganasasmallcoffeecompanyinSeattleintheUSA.

c.HewenttoSeattletolearnaboutthecompanyandlaterworkedforit.

d.HowardSchultzfoundStarbucksorderedlotsofspecialcoffeemakers.

A.a﹣b﹣d﹣cB.c﹣a﹣b﹣dC.b﹣d﹣c﹣aD.d﹣c﹣a﹣b

（   ）3.WhydidsomanyStarbuckscloseinsmallareas？

A.Becausethecoffeeintheseplaceswastooexpensive

B.Becausethestyleofthecoffeestoresseemsthesame．

C.Becausepeopleliketodrinkcoffeeathomewithfriends

D.Becausethereweretoomanycoffeeshopsinoneplace．

（   ）4.TotellusthestoryofStarbucks,thewriterdidthefollowingexcept      

A.introducinghowStarbucksbecamesuccessful

B.showingwhatSchultzdidtohelpStarbucksbecomesuccessful

C.tellingwhatdifficultiesStarbucksfaces

D.tellingwhatStarbucksdidtodealwithhisproblems

（   ）5.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？

A.TheHistoryofStarbucks             B.TheCultureofStarbucks

C.ThePopularityofStarbucks           D.TheenvironmentofStarbucks

（二）

Strangethingshappentotimewhenyoutravelbecausetheearthisdivided（划分为）intotwenty-fourzones（时区）,onehourapart.Youcanhavedayswithmoreorfewerthantwenty-fourhours,andweekswithmoreorfewerthansevendays.

Ifyoumakeafive-daytripacrosstheAtlanticOcean,yourshipentersadifferenttimezoneeveryday.Asyouentereachzone,thetimechangesonehour.Travellingwest,youputyourwatchback,travellingeastyouputitforward.Eachdayofyourtriphaseithertwenty-fiveortwenty-threehours.

IfyoutravelbyshipacrossthePacificOcean,youcrosstheinternationaldateline（国际日期变更线）.Byagreement,thisisthepointwhereanewdaybegins.Whenyoucrosstheline,youchangeyourcalendar（日历）onefullday,backwardorforward.Travellingeast,itistomorrow.

 1.Strangethingshappentotimewhenyoutravelbecause        .

A.nodayreallyhastwenty-fourhours

B.nooneknowswheretimezonesbegin

C.theearthisdividedintotimezones

D.timeflies

 2.Thedifferenceintimebetweenzonesis        .

A.onehourB.onethansevendays C.sevendays  D.oneday

3.IfyoutraveleastacrosstheAtlanticOcean,youputyourwatch        .

A.onehourforwardineachtimezone

B.onehourforwardforthewholetrip

C.backonefulldayforeachtimezone

D.neitherbacknorforward

4.Fromthispassage,itappearsthattheAtlanticOcean        .

A.hasonlyonetimezone

B.isdividedintofivetwenty-fourtimezones

C.isdividedintofivetimezones

D.isdividedintoseventimezones

5.Theinternationaldatelineisthenamefor        .

A.thebeginningofanynewtimezone

B.anypointwheretimechangesbyonhour

C.thepointwhereanewdaybegins

D.thepointbetweentwodifferentzones

（三）

TheaveragecollegestudentsinAmericaspentanestimated（结算的）$700ontextbookslastyear．TheNationalAssociationofCollegeStoresreportedmorethan$5billioninsalesoftextbooksandcoursematerials（课程资料）．OneoftheAssociationspokemanCharlesSchmidtsayselectronictextbooksnowrepresentjust2-3%ofsales，buthesaysthatisexpectedtoreach10-15%by2012．

Onlineversions（在线版）arenowavailableformanyofthemostpopularcollegetextbooks．E-textbookscancosthalfthepriceofnewprinttextbooks．Butstudentsusuallyloseassessaftertheendoftheterm．Andthebookcannotbeplacedonmorethanonedevice（设备）sotheyarenoteasytoshare．Sowhatdostudentsthinkofe-textbooks?

Administrators（行政官员）atNorthwestMissouriStateUniversity（西北密苏里州大学）wantedtofindoutthefact．Earlierthisyear，theymadeasurveyandtestedthemwith500studentsin20classes．Theuniversityisreallyunusual：

itnotonlyprovideslaptopcomputerstoall7000ofitsfull-timestudents，itdoesnotrequirestudentstobuytheirtextbookseither，theyrentthemtosavemoney．Theschoolaimstosaveevenmoremoneybymovingtoe-textbooks．

ThestudentsinthesurveyreportedthatdownloadingthebooksfromtheInternetwaseasy．Theylikedtheideaofcarryinglighterbackpacks，and56%saidtheywerebetterabletofindinformation．Butmostfoundthatusinge-textbooksdidn’tchangetheirstudyhabit．And60%felttheyreadmorewhentheywerereadingonpaper．Inall，almosthalfthestudentssaidtheystilllikedphysicaltextbooksbetter．Butthesurveyfoundthatcostcouldbeabiginfluence．55%saidthattheywouldchoosetheirtextbooksrentalfee（租界费）ifitwouldnotincrease．

Intheend，thegovernmentsaidtheywouldtrybesttogetthestudentslightlybackpackedtosavemorenaturalresources．

（   ）1．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage__________?

A．teachers’book                  B．students’books

C．students’textbooks            D．teachers’textbooks

（   ）2．Comparedwiththeprinttextbooks，thee-textbooksare_______theprintones。

A．muchdearerthan              B．asexpensiveas  

C．ascheapas                       D．muchcheaperthan

（   ）3．Accordingtothesurvey，howmanystudentsdidtheystilllikephysicaltextbooks__?

A．nearly56%B．nearly50%C．nearly60%D．almostnoone

（   ）4．Whytheuniversityissounusual_________?

A．Itsentlaptopcomputerstothestudents

B．itdoesn’taskthestudentstobuyitstextbooks

C．Itrentthestudentstosavemoney

D．BandC

（   ）5．Whatisthegovernment’sidea______?

A．toaskthestudentstodownloadthebooksfromtheinternet

B．toprovideallthestudentswiththefirst-classlaptopcomputers

C．tostopthestudentsfromusingprinttextbooks

D．togetthestudentslightlybackpackedtosavenaturalresources．

（四）

IntheWest,somepeoplebelievethatpersonalitycanbepredictedaccordingtothetimeoftheyearthepersonwasbor.FromChinacomesthebeliefthattheyearofbirthinfluencesone’spersonality.Inthepastcentury,anewbeliefahsarisen:

theideathatpersonalityisrelatedtoone’sABObloodtype.PeoplewithbloodtypeA,forexample,areconsideredmorelikelytobeserious,hard-working,andquiet,whilepeoplewithbloodtypeOarelikelytobepopularandoutgoing,yetoftenunabletofinishwhattheystart.Thoughthisbeliefcontinuestobestrong,somepeoplequestionwhetheritistrue.

Theblood-typepersonalitytheory（理论）startedinJapanin1927whenFurukawaTakehinoticedpersonalitysimilaritiesanddifferencesamonghisworkers.Thisideasoonwentoutoffashion,butwasbroughtbackbyaJapanesetelevisionhostnamedToshitakaNomiinthe1970s.Thebeliefisstill