loveisafallacy详细讲解复习.docx

loveisafallacy详细讲解复习.docx

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loveisafallacy详细讲解复习

Introductiontothetext:

1.Thistextisapieceofnarrativewriting,astory.

2.Thenarratorofthestory,DobieGillis,afreshmaninalawschool,istheheroorprotagonist（主角，正派角色）.Hestrugglesagainsttwoantagonists（反派角色）:

PeteyBurch,hisroommatewhosegirlfriendheplanstosteal;andPollyEspy,thegirlheintendstomarryaftersuitablere-education.

3.Theclimax（高潮）ofthestoryisreachedinparagraphs147to150whenPollyrefusestogosteadywiththenarratorbecauseshehadalreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch.

4.Thedenouement（结局）followsrapidlyandendsonaveryironictone.

AbouttheTitle---Thetitleofthestoryishumorousandwell-chosen.Ithastwomeanings:

1.When“fallacy”istakeninitsordinarysense,thetitlemeans:

Thereisadeceptive（虚伪的，欺诈的）ordelusive（欺瞒的，迷惑的）qualityaboutlove.

2.When“fallacy”istakenasaspecificterminlogic,thetitlemeans:

Lovecannotbededuced（推理）fromasetofgivenpremises.

PerhapsMaxShulmanwantsthereader,afterreadingthestory,toconcludethat“love”isanerror,adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic.Butthewriter,throughthisstoryhassucceededperhapsunwittingly（无意地）inrevealingwhatlovemaysometimesmeanintheaffluentsociety（物质社会）.Girlsdonotwantbrilliant,giftedoreducatedhusbands,butwanthusbandswhoarerichandwealthyenoughtoprovideallthethingsnecessaryinlife—home,clothes,cars,etc..

Payattentiontohischangeofemotions:

1.favoringherwithasmile

2.chuckledwithamusement

3.chuckledwithsomewhatlessamusement

4.forcingasmile/groundmyteeth

5.croaked,dashedperspire

Detailedstudyofthetext

enterprising:

ad.havingorshowingenterprise有事业心的；有胆量的；富于创业精神的

It’sveryenterprisingofthemtotryandstartupabusinesslikethat.

as…as:

acorrelativeconstructionusedtoindicatetheequalityorsamenessoftwothings.

Heisasstrongasanox.

monthofSundays:

（colloquial口语体的）longtime

unfettered:

ad.（fml.orlit.）freefromcontrol;nottiedbyseveralrules

Thenewcitydevelopedquickly,unfetteredbytheusualplanningregulations.

limp:

ad.drooping;lackingfirmness无力的；易弯的

Ilikelettucetobecrisp,notlimpandsoggy.

我喜欢莴苣是脆的，不喜欢软而湿乎乎的。

flaccid:

ad.softandweak;flabby

spongy:

ad.likeasponge;softandporous

pedantic:

ad.payingtoomuchattentiontodetailsandunimportantrules迂腐的；学究的

pedant:

n.apersonwhopaysmoreattentiontoformalrulesandbooklearningthantheymerit

discipline:

abranchofknowledgeorlearning

trauma:

aterminpsychiatrymeaningapainfulemotionalexperienceorshock,oftenproducingalastingpsychiceffect.心灵创伤；精神创伤

Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.

Metaphor（暗喻）andhyperbole（夸张）.Itisametaphorcomparinglogictoalivinghumanbeing.Itisahyperbolebecauseitexaggeratesforthesakeofeffect.

calculating:

ad.coldlyplanningandthinkingaboutfutureactionsandesp.whethertheywillbegoodorbadforoneself.

perspicacious:

ad.（fml.）havingorshowingverycleverjudgmentorunderstanding聪敏的；睿智的

aperspicaciouscomment有见地的评论

astute:

ad.cleverandabletoseequicklysomethingthatistoone’sadvantage;shrewd精明的；敏锐的；狡黠的

anastutebusinesswoman/investment

acute:

ad.

（1）（ofthesenses）abletonoticesmalldifferences;sharp感觉灵敏的；敏锐的

Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell./Hehasveryacutehearing.

（2）showinganabilitytounderstandthingsclearlyanddeeply;penetrating.深刻的

anacuteanalysisofthepoliticalsituation

（3）severe;verygreat严重的

acutepain/anacuteshortageofwater

dynamo:

anearlierformofgenerator,amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy

chemist’sscales:

Suchscalesaremorepreciseandaccuratefortheyhavetoweighsmallquantitiesofpowderorothermedicine.

scalpel:

asurgeon’ssharpknifeusedinoperations手术刀；解剖刀

Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasachemist’sscales,aspenetratingasascalpel.（Para.4）

Simile（明喻）,comparinghisbraintothreedifferentthings.

Hyperbole,exaggeratingforeffect.

dumb:

（Americancolloquialismorslang）stupid;moronic;unintelligent

dumbasanox:

asstupidasanox;verystupid

nothingupstairs:

（Americanslang）empty-headed;anitwit（笨蛋；傻瓜）.ThecorrespondingBritishslangis“unfurnishedintheupperstorey.”

unstable:

ad.easilymoved,upsetorchanged

emotional:

ad.havingfeelingswhicharestrongoreasilymoved

impressionable:

ad.easytobeinfluenced,oftenwiththeresultthatone’sfeelingsandideaschangeeasilyandesp.thatoneisreadytoadmireotherpeople.

Thechildisatanimpressionableage.这孩子正处于易受影响的年龄。

faddist:

apersonwhofollowsfads（apassingfashionorcraze）

Emotionaltype.Unstable.Impressionable.Worstofall,afaddist.

Allfoursentencesareelliptical（省略的）.Thesubjectandverb“heis”isleftout.

fads:

apassingfashionorcraze

submit:

v.toofferasanopinion;suggest;propose

verynegation:

complete（absolute）lack

reason:

theabilitytothink,drawconclusions

tobesweptupin:

tobecarriedawayby;tofollowenthusiastically

craze:

somethingthatiscurrentlythefashion;fad

tosurrenderyourselfto:

toyield;toindulgein

idiocy:

n.[U]greatfoolishnessorstupidity

acme:

n.thehighestpointofdevelopment,success,etc.极度；发展、成就的顶点；登峰造极

theacmeofperfection

acmeofmindlessness:

theheightofstupidity;thegreatestlackofintelligence

Laxative:

n./ad/（amedicineorsth.）eatenforcausingthebowelstoemptyeasily泻药；通便剂

It’sdangerousforpeoplesufferingfromappendicitistotakeanykindoflaxative.

pausinginmyflight:

n.fleeingorrunningawayfrom.Hereitmeans“stoppedrushingout”（togetadoctor）.

wail:

v.（oftenderog.）tocryoutwithalongsound（asif）ingrieforpain嚎啕大哭；大声哭叫

pound:

v.tohithard;todeliverheavy,repeatedblows猛击；猛打；猛烈跳动

Hepoundedthetableangrily./Myheartpoundedwithexcitement.

incredulously:

adv.showingdisbelief,unbelievingly

anincredulouslook/smile

incredible:

ad.sth.toostrangetobebelieved;unbelievableorveryhardtobelieve不敢相信的；难以置信的

That’sthemostincrediblecoincidenceI’veeverheardof!

Lookatitrationally:

“it”standsforthewholequestionofowningandwearingaraccooncoat.

unsanitary:

ad.notcleanorhealthy

Theyshed:

Thefuroftheraccooncoatscastofforlosehair（allthetime）.

unsightly:

ad.notpleasanttolookat;ugly

It’sthethingtodo:

It’stheright,properorfashionablethingtodo.

intheswim:

conformingtothecurrentfashions,oractiveinthemaincurrentofaffairs

slip:

topass,move,etc.smoothly,quicklyoreasily

slippedintohighgear:

begantoworkathighspeedorefficiency.Amachineisinhighgearwhenthearrangementofgearsprovidethegreatestspeedbutlittlepower.

gear:

anyofseveralarrangements,esp.oftoothedwheelsinamachine,whichallowpowertobepassedfromoneparttoanothersoastocontrolthepower,speedordirectionofmovement.（齿轮传动装置；排挡）

narrowly:

adv.（fml.）inathoroughandusu.doubtingway彻底的；追根究底的

Theteacherquestionedtheboynarrowlyaboutwhyhewaslate.

affirm:

v.todeclare（usu.again,orinanswertoaquestionordoubt）肯定；确认

Sheaffirmedthatshewastellingthetruth.

Theministeraffirmedthegovernment’sintentiontoreducetaxes.

stroke:

v.passthehandovergently,esp.forpleasure抚摸

Thecatslikebeingstroked.

Hestrokedhisbeardreflectively.他捋着胡子在沉思。

Istrokedmychinthoughtfully.我若有所思的抚摸着下巴。

covet:

v.（esp.biblorhumor）todesireeagerly（esp.sth.belongingtoanotherperson）觊觎；垂涎

toletmyheartrulemyhead:

Metonymy.“Heart”standsfor“feelingsandemotions”and“head”for“reasonandgoodsense”.

cerebral:

ad.（fml.humor）conceivedbytheintellectratherthantheemotions.理智的

gracious:

ad.polite,kindandpleasant,esp.inagenerousway亲切的；和蔼的；仁慈的；有礼貌的

Busyasshewas,shewasgraciousenoughtoshowusaroundherhouse

specification:

n.adetailedplanorsetofdescriptionsordirections规格；说明

Thedesignerdrewuphisspecificationsforthenewcar.

Withoneomission…perfectly:

Exceptforonething（intelligence）Pollyhadalltheotherrequirements（beautyandgrace）.

pin-up:

（Americancolloquialism）designatingagirlwhosesexualattractivenessmakesherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwalls.

proportions:

lines,shapeofthebody

supplythelack:

supplywhatiswanting.

makings:

thematerialorqualitiesneededforthemakingordevelopmentofsomething素质；必要因素

Hehasthemakingsofagooddoctor./Thestoryhasallthemakingsofagreatmovie.

carriage:

n.（sing）themannerofcarryingoneself,bearingthemannerofholdingone’shead,limbs,andbodywhenstandingorwalking;physicalposture仪态；体态

Dancingcanimprovethecarriage.舞蹈能增进体态美。

erectnessofcarriage:

anounplusan“of”phrasehelpstoemphasizethenoun“erectness”.Soalso“easeofbearing”and“bestofbreeding”.

bearing:

n.thewayapersonholdshisbodyorbehaves;deportment举止；姿势；风度

Shehadanerectnessofcarriage,aneaseofbearing,apoisethatclearlyindicatedthebestofbreeding.

“bearing”and“carriage”aresynonymous（同义词）.“Bearing”incomparisondenotesmannerofcarryingorconductingoneselfandreferstocharacteristicphysicalandmentalposture.“Carriage”specificallystressesthephysicalaspectsofaperson.

specialtyofthehouse:

thespecialdishwhichtherestaurantorcafeteriasells

potroast:

meat,usuallyalargecutofbeefcookedinonepiecebybraising

gravy:

n.[U]thejuicewhichcomesoutofmeatasitcooks,thickenedwithflour,etc