高三英语二轮复习阅读题专题主旨大意题学案设计.docx

高三英语二轮复习阅读题专题主旨大意题学案设计.docx

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高三英语二轮复习阅读题专题主旨大意题学案设计

1.如何解主旨题：

main,mainly,focus,stress,authortells,bemeantto

①主旨题的标志：

②串线法：

抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。

要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。

（主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。

找一个和中心句最贴近的）

③小心首段陷阱。

④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：

⑴局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;

⑵范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。

⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：

在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem....

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）.LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjusttheopposite.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.Itisbecausetheydonotrealizethis,orbecausetheyarenotwillingtodothework,thatmostpeopledonotlistenwell.

Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing'.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse'sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderwayandtheenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.

2.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?

A.Howtolistenwell.B.Whattolistento.C.Benefitsoflistening.D.Problemsinlistening

Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger,butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving（铺砌）aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater....

Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference,tooIntheUnitedStates,afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!

Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.

3.Thetextismainlyabout__________.

A.WhypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertolive

C.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply

Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled（安装）at2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.

4.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?

A.Itsmovingspeed　B.Itsappearance　C.Itsinstallation　D.Itssafety

Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain（保持）ahealthylifestyle.Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunandempowering!

Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it'snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.It'sanopportunitytobesocial,releaseendorphins（内啡肽）,andimproveyourstrength.Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.Theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.

5.Thefirstparagraphfocuseson____.

A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseB.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitness

C.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealth

D.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups

AcrossBritain,burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers.But,accordingtoanewstudy,weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear....

ThestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonMother'sDay.Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing（投入）intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.

6.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?

A.Mothers'importanceshowsinfamilyallyearlong.B.Thesacrificesmothersmakearehugebutworthwhile.

C.Mothers'devotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated.D.Investingtimeinparentingwouldbringafinancialreturn.

Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat-andwhenandhowweeatthem-areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural（农村的）andurbanareaswithinonecountry.

Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasion（时刻）oratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.

FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates,piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity（兴旺）intheNewYear.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies（预示）successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.

Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina,whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred-coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.

Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.

7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.

C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Thespecificmeaningoffood.

Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe？

Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.

Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.

Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:

thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.

We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don'tbeabystander（旁观者）.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow？

8.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5？

A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.

C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstillswimaswellaseversince.Amanwhenhegetsbackwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscaninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"。

rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

9.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?

A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.

C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenarceasytoremember.

Wilderness

LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedco