GRE的讲解.pdf
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001GREVerbalSectionOverviewGRE的笔考verbal分为四个部分,共38题,时间为30分钟。
其中1至7题为填空,8至16题为类比,17至27题为阅读(长文7道题,短文4道题),28至38题为反义。
时间分配参考:
填空5-7分钟;类比2-3分钟;阅读12-18分钟(长文8-12分钟,短文4-6分钟,阅读最好在15分钟内完成);反义1-2分钟;共计20-30分钟。
在实战情况下,可以减少阅读的时间,再多给填空1-2分钟。
GRE的verbal究竟考什么?
一定的词汇量+一定的阅读能力。
一定的词汇量应对类反,方便阅读和填空,而一定的阅读能力则是应对填空和阅读的根本。
1句子填空题(SentenceCompletion)通常出现在词汇部分(VerbalSection)的最前面,一共七题。
句子填空考的是对英文句子整体性的了解。
考生不但要懂得串联上下文和辨识文法结构,还要具备丰富的词汇量,填空的精髓:
寻找重复。
首先扫读全句,如能理解句义,则直接寻找选项。
不能清楚理解句义,则运用技巧,填空其实就是考词语的对应关系,找到句子当中的上下句关系决定选同义词或反义词。
2类比题(Analogy)根据题目中两个大写单词之间的关系判断选项中那一组单词之间的关系最接近。
分析关系时可以从功用型、因果型、反义型、同义型、程度强弱型、部分与整体型、大小型、人与所做事型、人与工具型等方面寻求关系。
3阅读理解(ReadingComprehension)阅读理解目的是要快速准确地回答出所有的问题。
为此,需要有效的应试手段和巧妙的应试方法。
先易后难。
每组试题的两篇文章一长一短,应选择自己较熟悉的题材的那篇文章先做。
应该指出,长的文章不一定难。
快速阅读一遍文章,特别注意每一段的第一句和最后一句话。
其目的在于了解文章的结构,熟悉有关材料在文章中的位置,并对简单的问题有初步答案。
再次,快速阅读问题。
但这次的目的是,先读一个问题后随即在文章找出有关材料所在,核对材料内容是否切题。
如果在文章没有找到有关问题的材料的位置,则应暂时放下这一问题,立即开始下一个问题。
千万注意不可在一个难题上花费过多的时间。
应该首先争取把全部问题答完,最后如果还有时间,再返回来仔细斟酌。
4反义词(Antonyms)反义词试题每次都出现在GRE普通考试中词汇部分(VerbalSection)的最后一节,也就是第28题至第38题(共11题)。
反义字部分至多只允许两分钟解决,每一题只能用20秒。
反义字考的不只是词汇能力,还要考理解相反观念的能力。
这种能力不是一蹴可成的,必须长期广泛的阅读,背生词。
考试时可以利用词根、词缀来了解一个字的意义。
002例题及解题策略1.类比题类比题考查:
1)单词或者概念间的关系;2)平行关系例:
Ineachofthefollowingquestions,arelatedpairofwordsorphrasesisfollowedbyfiveletteredpairsofwordsorphrases.Selecttheletteredpairsthatbestexpressesarelationshipsimilartothatexpressedintheoriginalpair.COLOR:
SPECTRUM:
A.tone:
scaleB.sound;wavesC.verse;poemD.dimension;spaceE.cell;organism解题策略:
StrategiesforAnswering:
1)Establisharelationshipbetweenthegivenpairbeforereadingtheanswerchoices2)Considerrelationshipsofkind,size,spatialcontinuity,ordegree3)Readalloftheoptions.Ifmorethanoneseemscorrect,trytostatetherelationshipmoreprecisely4)Checktoseethatyouhaventoverlookedapossiblesecondmeaningforoneofthewords.5)Neverdecideonthebestanswerwithoutreadingalloftheanswerchoices2.填空题选词填空,所选的词应当在逻辑上讲得通,风格上与原句符合。
例:
Eachsentencebelowhasoneortwoblanks,eachblankindicatingthatsomethinghasbeenomitted.Beneaththesentencearefiveletteredwordsorsetsofwords.Choosethewordorsetofwordsforeachblankthatbestfitsthemeaningofthesentenceasawhole.Early_ofhearinglossis_bythefactthatothersensesareabletocompensateformoderateamountsofloss,sothatpeoplefrequentlydonotknowthattheirhearingisimperfect.(因为其他感觉器官能在一定程度上补偿听觉的丧失,造成早期听觉丧失的被这一点所,因此很多人经常不知道他们的听觉是不健全的)A.discovery.indicatedB.development.preventedC.detectioncomplicatedD.treatmentfacilitatedE.incidencecorrected解题策略:
StrategiesforAnswering:
1)Readtheincompletesentencecarefully2)Lookforkeywordsorphrases3)Completetheblank(s)withyourownwords;seeifanyoptionsarelikeyours4)Payattentiontogrammaticalcues5)Iftherearetwoblanks,besurethatbothpartsofyouranswerchoicefitlogicallyandstylisticallyintothesentence6)Afterchoosingananswer,readthesentencethroughagaintoseeifitmakessense3.反义词反义词考查1)词汇量;2)从词意推知反义词的能力。
例:
Eachquestionbelowconsistsofawordprintedincapitallettersfollowedbyfiveletteredwordsorphrases.Choosetheletteredwordorphrasethatismostnearlyoppositeinmeaningtothewordincapitalletters.Sincesomeofthequestionsrequireyoutodistinguishfineshadesofmeaning,besuretoconsiderallthechoicesbeforedecidingwhichoneisbest.DIFFUSE:
A.concentrateB.contentC.implyD.pretendE.rebel解题策略:
StrategiesforAnswering:
1)rememberthatantonymsaregenerallyconfinedtonouns,verbs,andadjectives2)lookforthewordthatismostnearlyoppositetothegivenword3)trytodefinedwordsprecisely4)makeupasentenceusingthegivenwordtohelpestablishitsmeaning5)lookforpossiblesecondmeaningsbeforechoosingananswer6)useyourknowledgeofpreGRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第2讲001单词记忆策略-依靠前缀
(一)否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-,an-,atypical;asymmetry;abnormal;anomalous(异常的,不规则的);dis-disagree;discredit;dishonest,dislike;dislocate;dispassionate;disobedient,disorganized,disorient;disown;disqualify,disreputable;disrespect;distaste;distrustin-,il,im,ir,illegal,illegitimate,illiterate,illegible,immoral;implausible;impotent;impermeable;impervious(Hesimpervioustoourrequests);incapable,inability,inarticulate;incessant,incoherent,incompatible,incompetent,inconceivable,incongruous,inconsequential,incorrigible,indiscreet,indiscriminate,indivisible,ineligible,infidelity;irreverent,irresistible,irregular;irrational;irredeemable;ne-,n-,none,neither,never;nonsense,nonexistent,nonsmokerun-,unable,unemployment;unconscious;unequivocalGRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第4讲001单词记忆策略-依靠前缀(三)5)ex-,ec-,es-,表示“外部,外”evict,exit(entrance),eclipse,excavate,exclude(include),exhale(inhale),exotic,?
expand,export(import),expatriate,expel,extrovert(introvert),extrinsic(intrinsic),6)extra-,表示“额外”extract,extravagant,extraordinary,extracurricular,?
7)fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground,foretell(预言)8)in-,il-,im-,ir-,表示“向内,在内,背于”inland,invade,inside,import,indent,incorporate,inborn,innate,inquisitive,insert,inspect,instill,integrity,9)inter-,表示“在间,相互”international,interaction,internet,interlock(连锁,连串),interim,intermingle,intersect,intersection,intertwine(纠缠,缠绕),intervene,interplay,interracial,intercultural,interdependent,intergenerational,interlace(交织,交错)10)intr-,表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce,introduce,introvert,intrinsic,intrude11)medi-,表示“中,中间”Mediterranean,median,mediate,medieval,mediocre,medium,12)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline,outside,outward,outgoing13)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook,overhead,overboard,overlap,override,overwhelm14)post-,表示向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),posttest,posthumous(死后的)15)pre-,表示在前”在前面”prefix,preface,preposition(前置,前面的位置),pretest,premature,prepay,prenuptial,preheat,prehistoryGRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第5讲001单词记忆策略-依靠前缀(四)16)pro-,表示“在前,向前”progress,proceed,prone,propensity,proponent,prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)17)sub-,表示“在下面,下”subway,submarine,subliminal(潜意识的),suppress,submerge,submission,subordinate,subsidiary;substandard18)super-,表示“在.之上”superficial,surface,superb,supervisor,superstition,supernatural,19)trans-,表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate,transform,transoceanic,transact,transmit20)under-,表示“在.下面,下的”underline,underground,underwater,underpass,undermine,underplay,underpay,underprivileged21)up-,表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward,uphold,uphill(downhill),upbeat,update,upfront,upgrade,upheaval,uplift,upscale(adj.)3.表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-,anti-,表示“先前,早于,预先”antedate(RadioantedatedTV);antecedent(ntecedence),anticipate2)ex-,表示“先,故,旧”ex-president,ex-husband3)re-,表示“再一次,重新”“回”retell,rewrite,reassure,rebate,receipt,reimburse,refurbish4)bi-,二,双biweekly,bilingual,bifurcated(分为两部分的)4.把形容词或名词变及物动词的前缀1)be-,belittle,befriend,befoul,behead,bewitch2)en-,enlarge,enable,empower,embody(赋形体化,使具体化),embrace,entrust,endear(herkindnessendearedhertome),enforce,engulf(吞没,淹没,使陷入);enrich;enslave;enthrone;envision;GRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第6讲001单词记忆策略-Association单词记忆策略Associationlcompound:
复合的expound:
详细解释,说明exponent:
说明者;支持者;opponent对手postpone;posit:
提出positive;negativeoppose;oppositionposition;posturecompose;composure镇静,沉着discompose:
使失态,慌张discomposure心乱;不冷静imposture冒名,假冒post;postal;postageapposite恰当的,相关的appropriatecompost化肥,腐烂composite混合的depose腐烂,分解decompose腐烂,分解exposition;exhibitionimpose(imposetaxon);imposing使人难忘的;壮丽的;imposition强迫接受juxtapose并列,并置dispose(安排,安置;使想要);disposition性格,性情;处理;predispose;预先安排,使倾向于predispositionpreposition;prepositional前置词的propose;propositionpurpose;repose休息;reposition复位supposepresuppose预示transpose调换,置换;transpositionsuperimpose002单词记忆策略-同义词,反义词
(一)1.令人喜欢的,愉悦的pleasurable,enjoyable,delightful,affable,genial,agreeable,gracious,amiable令人讨厌的disagreeable,unlikable,distasteful,obnoxious,repulsive2.奇,怪eccentric;weird;unusual;peculiar;strange;odd;bizarre3.传统与反传统follower;dogma;iconoclast;convention;conventional;unconventional;maverick;traditional;innovativeGRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第7讲001单词记忆策略-同义词,反义词
(二)4.赞美praise;acclaim;commend;hail;applaud;laud,extol,exalt;glorify;accolade;eulogize;eulogy;tribute批评criticize,scold;reprimand,reproach;berate,slate,rebuke谴责condemn;reprobate;censure;denounce;attack;revile,slam,轻视,嘲笑belittle,ridicule,insult,abuse,scorn,贬损,诽谤denigrate,disparage,defame,slander,libel,deprecate5.节省的,花钱frugal,prudent,economical,thrifty,sparing,tightfisted,parsimonious,grudging,stingy,miserly,penurious贫困的poor,insolvent,deprived,penniless,broke,impoverished,penurious,destitute大方的generous(mean),munificent,magnanimous,giving,openhanded,charitable,benevolent,philanthropic,altruistic,浪费的,过度的wasteful,overgenerous,excessive,extravagant,lavish,uneconomicalspendthrift,improvident,imprudent,reckless,squander6.加重worsen,deteriorate,degenerate,decline,aggravate,exacerbate减轻ease,lessen,assuage,improve,lighten,alleviate7.易变的capricious,variable,changeable,whimsical,fickle,erratic,vacillating坚定的steady,constant,stable,unwavering,脆弱的weak,brittle,tenuous,fragile,frail,delicate,flimsy,vulnerable结实的strong,brawny,muscular,secure,firm,solid,sturdyGRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第8讲001单词记忆策略-同义词,反义词(三)8.坚持的,不退却的tenacious,insistent,persistent,adamant,resolute,unyielding,inexorable,unrelenting,relentless,固执的intransigent,stubborn,immovable,headstrong,pigheaded,obstinate,perverse变通的flexible,supple,pliable,malleable,accommodating,elastic9.阻止,禁止prevent,preclude,prohibit,forbid,inhibit,proscribe同意,允许permit,allow,consent,allow,approve,endorse,sanction,authorize阻碍constrain,limit,restrain,confine,holdback,restrict,hamper,hinder,deter,encumber,thwart,check,frustrate,foil,impede,obstruct,daunt帮助,便利assist,aid,help,facilitate,support,back,sponsor,abet(toassistsomebodytodosomething,especiallysomethingillegal)10.严肃的,严厉的serious,solemn,somber,stern,grim,harsh,severe,strict,austere,stringent(strictlycontrolledorenforced)好笑的,易于亲近的humorous,hilarious,amusing,comical,funny,side-splitting,entertaining,relaxed,easygoing,lenient,laid-back,agreeable,amiable轻率的,轻浮的flippant,frivolous,playful,frolicsomeGRE保存讲义打印讲义GRE词汇第9讲001Practice
(1)Practice1.INCENTIVEA.agreementB.doubtC.deterrentD.complementE.negotiation(Itsnotanincentivet