核电专业英语词汇.pdf

核电专业英语词汇.pdf

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11.1.原子核、核子及相关术语原子核、核子及相关术语质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon核nucleus（pl.）nuclei原子atom光子photon正电子positron量子quantum,quanta（pl.）电子伏特electron-volt（eV）兆电子伏特megaelectron-volt（MeV）同位素isotope原子序数atomicnumber质量数massnumber超铀元素transuraniumelement元素周期表periodictable热中子thermalneutron快中子fastneutron复合核compoundnucleus1.2.相关元素与材料相关元素与材料1.2.1.核燃料与增殖材料核燃料与增殖材料铀uranium（U）钚plutonium（Pu）氘，重氢deuterium，heavyhydrogen氚tritium混合氧化物燃料（MOX燃料）Mixed（UraniumandPlutonium）OXidefuel二氧化铀uraniumdioxide浓缩铀enricheduranium贫铀depleteduranium碳化铀uraniumcarbide钍thorium锂lithium锕系元素actinideelement易裂变的fissile可裂变的、可裂变物质fissionable增殖同位素fertileisotope核嬗变nucleartransmutation转化conversion1.2.2.其它核材料及核电厂用材料其它核材料及核电厂用材料慢化剂moderator轻水lightwater重水heavywater石墨graphite冷却剂coolant氦helium液态金属liquidmetal钠sodium包壳cladding铝aluminium镁magnesium锆zirconium锆2/4合金zircaloy-2/4不锈钢stainlesssteel控制材料controlmaterial通量展平flux-shaping银silver铟indium镉cadmium可燃毒物burnablepoison硼boron硼酸boricacid锂lithium铍beryllium2乏燃料spentfuel因科镍，因康INCONEL不锈钢stainlesssteel1.3.核反应及相关术语核反应及相关术语decay衰变fission裂变fusion聚变nuclearreaction核反应chainreaction链式反应crosssection截面microscopiccrosssection微观截面macroscopiccrosssection宏观截面absorbingcrosssection吸收截面scatteringcrosssection散射截面barn靶恩delayedneutron缓发中子promptneutron瞬发中子promptcriticality瞬发临界fissile易裂变的fissionab可裂变的lemorderate/slowdown慢化breedingratio增殖比burnup燃耗reactivity反应性neutroncycle中子循环fissionproduct裂变产物criticality临界promptcritical瞬发临界flux通量xenon氙iodine碘actinide锕系（元素）reactivityworth反应性价值慢化剂温度系数moderatortemperaturecoefficient反应性系数reactivitycoefficient剩余反应性excessreactivity燃料比功率fuelspecificpower倍增因子multiplicationfactor有效增殖系数effectivemultiplicationfactor；effectivemultiplicationconstant无限介质增殖系数infinitemultiplicationfactor；infinitemultiplicationconstant快中子增殖系数fastfissionfactor热中子利用系数thermalutilizationfactor不泄漏几率nonleakageprobability逃脱共振俘获几率resonanceescapeprobability四因子公式four-factorformula多普勒增宽Dopplerbroadening*总集成中子通量/总积分中子通量TotalIntegratedNeutronFlux=IntegratedFluxorFluence（注量）=NeutrondensityVelocityTime单位：

n/m3m/ss=n/m21.4.反应堆反应堆压水堆PressurizedWaterReactor（PWR）沸水堆BoilingWaterReactor（BWR）加拿大重水铀反应堆（坎杜堆）CANadianDeuteriumandUraniumreactor（CANDU）/pressurizedheavywaterreactor（PHWR）英国气冷堆（美诺克斯堆）Britishgas-cooledMagnoxreactor3高温气冷堆hightemperaturegas-cooledreactor（HTGR）快中子增殖反应堆fastbreederreactor（FBR）轻水堆LightWaterReactor（LWR）先进反应堆advancedreactor超临界水反应堆supercriticalwaterreactor欧洲压水堆（第三代反应堆之一）EuropeanPressurizedwaterReactor（EPR）（美国）先进压水堆600/1000（第三代（+）反应堆之一）AP（WR）600/10001.5.核电厂部件、设备与系统核电厂部件、设备与系统燃料芯块fuelpellet燃料元件fuelelement燃料棒fuelrod燃料组件fuelassembly定位格架spacergrid法兰flange密封环sealring阻力塞plug（上/下）腔室（upper/lower）plenum堆芯，活性区core反应堆压力容器ReactorPressureVessel（RPV）上封头upperclosurehead液压螺栓拉伸机（张紧机）hydraulicstudtensioner包覆层clad（碳钢表面的防腐蚀堆焊层）控制棒controlrod控制棒组件ControlElementAssembly（CEA）可燃吸收棒burnableabsorberrod控制棒驱动机构ControlElementDriveMechanism（CEDM）变送器transmitter信号调理signalregulation吊篮barrel进/出口接管inlet/outletnozzle冷/热端，冷/热腿，冷/热管段cold/hotleg反应堆堆内构件reactorvesselinternals肿胀swelling腐蚀corrode,corrosion侵蚀erode,erosion氧化oxidation,oxidize完整性integrity反应堆冷却剂泵（主泵）ReactorCoolantPump（RCP）屏蔽泵canned（motor）pump轴封泵shaftsealpump反应堆冷却剂系统（一回路系统）ReactorCoolantSystem（RCS）核蒸汽供应系统NuclearSteamSupplySystem（NSSS）一回路primaryloop/circuit一回路系统/主回路系统primarysystem二回路secondaryloop稳压器pressurizer（PRZ）波动管surgeline汽水分离器moistureseparator干燥器（二/三级汽水分离器）steamdryer安全阀safetyvalve卸压阀reliefvalve溢流阀overflowvalve主蒸汽隔离阀mainsteamisolationvalve单向阀checkvalve止回阀non-returnvalve主蒸汽联箱mainsteamheader给水调节阀feedregulatingvalve蒸汽发生器SteamGenerator（SG）主蒸汽管MainSteamLine（MSL）4汽轮机steamturbine汽水分离再热器MoistureSeparatorReheater（MSR）给水泵feed（water）pump上充泵chargingpump凝汽器condenser发电机（electric）generator安全壳containment地基，基础foundation烟道stack贯穿件penetration核岛nuclearisland常规岛conventionalisland核电厂配套子项BalanceofPlant（BOP）一回路辅助系统auxiliarysystemforprimaryloop化学与容积控制系统（化容系统）ChemicalandVolumeControlSystem（CVCS）专设安全设施EngineeredSafetyFeature（ESF）余热排出系统ResidualHeat-RemovalSystem（RHRS）应急堆芯冷却系统EmergencyCoreCoolingSystem（ECCS）,安注系统SafetyInjection（SI）System直接注射系统directvesselinjection（DVI）换料水箱RefuelingWaterStorageTank（IRWST）（乏）燃料贮存水池（spent）fuelstoragepool燃料装卸系统fuelhandlingsystem蓄压箱accumulator机组unit辅助喷淋auxiliaryspray柴油发电机Dieselgenerator自动保护系统AutomaticProtectiveSystem（APS）自动降压系统automaticdepressurizationsystem（ADS）仪控系统InstrumentationandControlSystem（I&Csystem）开关设备，开关柜switchgear蒸汽轴封系统，压盖蒸汽密封系统glandsteamsystem汽轮机旁路管turbinebypassline辅助给水泵auxiliaryfeedwaterpump汽动给水泵turbinedrivenfeedwaterpump导管conduit冷凝水泵condensatepump冷凝水增压泵condensateboosterpump水润滑轴承waterlubricatedbearing人孔manway检修孔accessoryport1.6.反应堆运行反应堆运行运行operation运行工况operatingcondition操纵员operator维护maintenance监督、监视surveillance监督试样surveillancespecimen辐照监督管irradiationsurveillancecapsule辐照监督试样盒surveillancespecimencompartment硼浓度boronconcentration稀释dilution/dilute硼注入boroninjection停堆shutdown紧急停堆scram/trip停役outage换料停堆refuelingoutage/refuelingshutdown换料refuel5卸料discharge倒料shuffling满功率运行fullpoweroperation负荷跟踪loadfollowing甩负荷loadshedding,loadrejection（控制棒等的）插入insertion（控制棒等的）抽出withdrawal反应堆调节系统ReactorRegulatingSystem（RRS）（蒸汽发生器）排污、下泄blowdown规程procedure技术规格technicalspecification瞬态，瞬变transient安装调试installationandcommissioning冷态试验coldfunctionaltest热态试验hotfunctionaltest（反应堆）启动试验（reactor）startuptest退役decommissioning主控室maincontrolroom方位角偏差azimuthaltilt径向功率分布radialpowerdistribution轴向功率分布axialpowerdistribution燃料管理方案fuelmanagementscheme燃料-包壳交互作用fuel-cladinteractioneffect芯块-包壳交互作用（PCI）pellet-cladinteraction（燃料）栅格、晶格lattice1.7.反应堆安全反应堆安全核安全nuclearsafety安全功能safetyfunction衰变热decayheat余热residualheat空泡系数voidcoefficient法律law法规regulation/code联邦管理法规CodeofFederalRegulations（CFR）法案（美）Act导则guidance安全1/2/3级safetyclass1/2/3可靠性reliability容限，裕量，边界margin堆芯热裕量corethermalmargin堵管裕量tubepluggingmargin运行安全裕量operatingmargin标准，准则criterion，复数形式:

criteria概率安全分析ProbabilisticSafetyAnalysis（PSA）概率风险分析ProbabilisticRiskAnalysis（PRA）确定论安全分析deterministicsafetyanalysis初步安全分析报告PreliminarySafetyAnalysisReport（PSAR）最终安全分析报告FinalSafetyAnalysisReport（FSAR）安全评价报告safetyevaluationreport事件incident事故accident后果consequence严重事故severeaccident堆芯损毁coredamage堆芯融化coremeltdown全厂断电stationblackout冷却剂丧失事故（失水事故）Loss-of-coolantAccident（LOCA）反应性引入事故ReactivityInsertionAccident（RIA）未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransientWithoutScram（ATWS）失电LossofPower失流Lossofflow先漏后破leakbeforebreak（LBB）故障安全，失效保护fail-safe6单一故障准则single-failurecriterion共因故障commoncausefailure固有安全性inherentsafety非能动安全passivesafety冗余性redundancy多样性diversity多层屏障multiplebarrier纵深防御defenseindepth潜热latentheat焓，热函sensibleheat,enthalpy定期安全检查periodicsafetyinspection许可证license监管regulation核安全准则nuclearsafetycriteria三哩岛事故ThreeMileIsland（TMI）accident切尔诺贝利事故Chernobylaccident工作不正常，故障malfunction失效failure假设始发事件postulatedinitiatingevents事故工况accidentcondition严重事故severeaccident事故处理accidentmanagement设计基准事故designbasisaccident负荷丧失事故lossofelectricalloadaccident主给水丧失事故lossofmainfeedwateraccident卡棒事故stuckrodaccident弹棒事故rodejectionaccident堵管裕量tubepluggingmargin管道甩摆限制pipewhiprestraint在役检查inserviceinspection承压热冲击pressurizedthermalshock1.8.放射性与辐射防护放射性与辐射防护radioactivity放射性scatter散射deflect,deflection折射衍射diffraction穿透penetrate,penetration交互作用interact,interactionionization电离湮灭annihilate（v.）,annihilation（n.）衰减attenuate（v.）,attenuation（n.）projectile入射离子radiationprotection辐射防护radiation,ray辐射，射线irradiation辐照，（向外）辐射internalexposure内照射externalexposure外照射occupationaldose职业照射（剂量）fluence注量cosmicray宇宙射线x-rayX射线/射线/rayhealthphysics保健物理shielding屏蔽biologicalshield生物屏蔽剂量dosedoseequivalent剂量当量collectivedose集体剂量individualdose个人剂量ingest,ingestion摄入，摄取inhale,inhalation吸入coma昏迷cramp绞痛diarrhea腹泻tremor颤抖vomit呕吐somatic身体的somaticeffect躯体反应radiationsickness辐照病变symptom征兆therapy治疗survivor幸存者activationproduct活化产物effluent废水7naturalbackground天然本底sivert希弗spectrum谱雷姆rem氡radonaslowasreasonablyachievable（ALARA）合理可行尽量低radioactivewastedisposal放射性废物处理high-level（radioactive）waste高放废物low-level（radioactive）waste低放废物1.9.有关机构有关机构InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency（IAEA）国际原子能机构AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers（ASME）美国机械工程师学会NuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC/USNRC）美国核管会DepartmentOfEnergy（DOE）美国能源部WorldAssociationofNuclearOperators（WANO）世界核电运营者协会InternationalCommissiononRadiologicalProtection（ICRP）国际辐射防护委员会ChinaAtomicEnergyAuthority（CAEA）中国国家原子能机构StateEnvironmentProtectionAdministrationofChina国家环保总局1.10.其它术语其它术语1.10.1.表示方向表示方向lateral横向longitudinal纵向radial径向perpendicularto垂直于verticallymounted垂直/立式安装circumferential环向axial轴向periphery周边1.10.2.材料失效术语材料失效术语corrosion腐蚀stresscorrosioncracking应力腐蚀开裂rapture,fracture,break断裂breach破口肿胀swellingcavitation气蚀pitting点蚀/孔蚀crevicecorrosion缝隙腐蚀erosion冲蚀FACflowacceleratedcorrosion流动加速腐蚀wastage耗蚀（SGtube）dent凹陷，凹痕fatigue疲劳ageing老化degradation降级wear磨损frettingwear微动磨损creep蠕变stress应力strain应变creepstrength蠕变强度tensilestrength抗拉强度yieldstrength屈服强度rapturestrength断裂强度nil-ductilitytransitiontemperature零延性转变温度thermalstress热应力irradiationswelling辐照肿胀depositwelding,overlaying,build-upweld