配置管理计划实例.pdf

配置管理计划实例.pdf

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WhitePaper:

EstablishingaConfigurationManagementDatabaseSchema:

AWorkingModelOverviewIntroductionPriortobuildingaConfigurationManagementDatabase（CMDB）,aschemaisneededtoidentifytheworkingdatamodelthatwillunderpinthedatabase.Thispaperdescribesamodelthatcouldbeusedforthatpurpose.ContentsThispublicationcontainsthefollowingtopics:

TopicSeePageOverview1SchemaDesignBackground2ChoosingaSchemaDesign3SchemaDesignBackgroundIntroductionThefollowingsectiondescribesthebackgroundforchoosingtheparticularschemastructuredemonstratedinthisdocument.CMDBSchemaDefinedTheSchema,whichcanbethoughtofastheunderpinningdatastructure,fortheCMDBhastwomainpurposes:

1.IdentifythekeytypesofCIsthatarepartoftheCMDB.2.DemonstratehowthoseCItypesareinterrelated.CMDBSchemaChallengesThisparticularareaofITILisnewandlittleindustryworkorliteratureexistsaroundit.CMDBSchemaIdeasOtherideasforschemasinclude:

EntityRelationshipDataDesignsUMLDiagramsBillOfMaterial（BOM）ModelsSchemaexampleasshownintheITILServiceSupportBookChoosingaSchemaDesignIdeasRejectedER&UML:

Thesemodelswererejectedbecauseitiseasytolosethebigpictureasthesediagramsquicklygetextremelycomplicated.Inaddition,anynewpersonnelbroughtinwillhavetospendagooddealoftimelearninghowthosemodelswereputtogether.BOM:

Whilemanyofthemodelsreviewedofthosereviewedcoveredverycomplexitemssuchasanentireairplaneorspaceshuttle,itwasrejectedbecausetheapproacheswereuniqueandcouldnotbecarriedforwardeasilytootherbusinesses.ITILServiceSupport:

ITILsexampleaspublishedintheServiceSupportbookwasrejectedbecauseitfocusesmostlyontechnologicalcomponentsandalimitedviewofeverythingentailedinanITinfrastructure.SuccessfulSchemaDesignPrinciplesThefollowingdesignprincipleswereusedtounderpinthemodelpresentedinthispaper:

Abilitytoshowtheentireinfrastructureononepage.Supportsrelationshipsbetweenconfigurationitems（CIs）thatareapplicableacrossmostcompanies.AccommodatesalmostanyCItypethatanITorganizationmightuse.SupportsexplodingbusinessservicesintodetailedCIsthatmakeupandsupportthoseservices.Intuitivetounderstand.Atalevelthatcanapplytomanybusinessunitsandorganizations.SchemaExampleOverviewIntroductionThefollowingsectioncontainsanexampleschemaanddescriptionsofthecomponentsthatgointotheschema.ContentsThischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:

TopicSeePageOverview4ExampleCMDBSchema5ServiceCITypes6ManagementCITypes16ExampleCMDBSchemaIntroductionThemodelshownbelowpresentshowanentireITinfrastructurecanbeviewed.SchemaModelServiceViewCIsThewhitebarsrepresenttheServiceViewoftheinfrastructure.ThisstartsatthetopwiththeBusinessServicesCITypeandexplodesdownwardstothelowestlevelwhichhasthePhysicalSitesCItypethatservicesandservicecomponentsresidein.ManagementViewCIsTheverticalbarsrepresenttheManagementViewoftheinfrastructure.NotethateachleveloftheManagementViewcrossesalllevelsofServiceViews.Thereasonisthateachlevelintheservicedeliverychainmayhavemanagementcomponentsthatareuniquetoitsscope.ContinuedonnextpageBusinessServicesServiceDeliveryChannelsBusinessITProductsApplicationsSharedServicesTransportServicesSub-SystemServicesHardware/NetworkPhysicalAssetsConfigurationArchitectureDataArchitectureProcessArchitectureOrganizationArchitectureDevelopmentArchitectureExternalSuppliersPhysicalSitesManagementArchitectureSecurityArchitectureMaintenanceArchitectureBusinessServicesServiceDeliveryChannelsBusinessITProductsApplicationsSharedServicesTransportServicesSub-SystemServicesHardware/NetworkPhysicalAssetsConfigurationArchitectureDataArchitectureProcessArchitectureOrganizationArchitectureDevelopmentArchitectureExternalSuppliersPhysicalSitesManagementArchitectureSecurityArchitectureMaintenanceArchitectureExampleCMDBSchema,ContinuedSub-SchemasAttheConfigurationManagersdiscretion,itisperfectlyokaytoincludesub-schemaswithineachCI.Forexample,theHardware/NetworkCItypecouldhavesub-schemassuchasMainframe,Server,ComLine,etc.ServiceCITypesOverviewIntroductionThefollowingsectioncontainsdescriptionsofthevariousServiceCItypes,shownverticallyontheschemagraphic.ContentsThischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:

TopicSeePageOverview7BusinessServiceCITypes8ServiceDeliveryChannelCITypes9BusinessITProductCITypes10ApplicationCITypes11SharedServiceCITypes12TransportServiceCITypes13Sub-SystemServiceCITypes14Hardware/NetworkPhysicalAssetCITypes15PhysicalSiteCITypes16BusinessServiceCITypesDefinitionTheseCIsrepresenttheservicesofferedbythebusinesstotheirendcustomers.Theymayalsorepresentkeybusinessunitswithinthecompany.ExamplesExamplesofBusinessServiceCIsinclude:

SalessupportfunctionsHR/FinanceOnlineservicestocustomersManufacturingdepartmentMarketingbusinessunitServiceDeliveryChannelCITypesDefinitionBusinessservicesaredeliveredtocustomersoverdeliverychannels.TheseCItypescoverthosemechanismsbusinessservicesusetodelivertocustomers.ExamplesExamplesofServiceDeliveryChannelCIsinclude:

Web-enabledPDAOnlineHosteddeliveryBusinessITProductCITypesDefinitionThesetypesofCIsrepresentproductsthataresoldorgiventooutsidecustomers.ItwouldbeusedforthosecompaniesthatareinthebusinessofsellingorgivingITsolutions,intheformofITproductsorsolutionofferings,tooutsideentities.ExamplesExamplesofBusinessITProductCIsinclude:

Companybuiltproductssoldtooutsidecustomers.Passthroughlicensesorproductssold/deliveredtooutsidecustomers.Solutionofferingssoldorgiventooutsidecustomers.ApplicationCITypesDefinitionTheseCItypescoverapplicationCIsthatmakeupbusinessproductsandservices.ExamplesExamplesofApplicationCIsinclude:

ApplicationmodulesandprogramsCodesegmentsJAVAappletsIncludefilesSharedServiceCITypesDefinitionTheseCItypescovercorporateITservicesthataresharedacrossbusinessorganizations.ExamplesExamplesofSharedServiceCIsinclude:

E-mailIntranetwebservicesMiddlewareusedtosupportapplicationmessaging.DevelopmenttestingenvironmentsTransportServiceCITypesDefinitionTheseCItypescovercompanynetworkingelementsthatarenothardware（OSIstacklayers2andabove）.ExamplesExamplesofTransportCIsinclude:

SatelliteTCP/IPEthernetX.25X.500TokenRingSub-SystemServiceCITypesDefinitionTheseCItypescoveroperatingsoftwarethatisusedtodirectlysupportapplicationsandbusinessservices.ExamplesExamplesofSub-SystemCIsmightinclude:

OperatingsystemssuchasUNIXorWindowsOperatingsystemservicemodulesCustomdevelopedsystemssoftwareprogramsOperatingsystemutilitiesthatsupportapplicationsandbusinessservicesHardware/NetworkPhysicalAssetCITypesDefinitionThisCItypecoversallphysicalITassetsthatareusedtosupportapplicationsandbusinessservices.ExamplesExamplesofHardware/NetworkPhysicalAssetCIsinclude:

MainframesServersRoutersSwitchesPhysicalSiteCITypesDefinitionThisCItypecoversphysicalfacilitieswherehardware/networkassetsresidetodeliverservicestoapplicationsandbusinessservices.ExamplesExamplesofPhysicalSiteCIsinclude:

DataCenterslocatedinvariousgeographiesLocalbankingbranchsiteCorporateDataCenterWiringclosetlocationsManagementCITypesOverviewIntroductionThefollowingsectioncontainsdescriptionsoftheManagementCITypes,shownhorizontallyinthegraphic.ContentsThischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:

TopicSeePageOverview17ConfigurationArchitectureCITypes18DataArchitectureCITypes19ManagementArchitectureCITypes20SecurityArchitectureCITypes21ProcessArchitectureCITypes22OrganizationArchitectureCITypes23DevelopmentArchitectureCITypes24ExternalSupplierCITypes25MaintenanceArchitectureCITypes26ConfigurationArchitectureCITypesDefinitionThistypeofCIcontainsinformationonhowtheITinfrastructureisassembledandputtogether.CIrelationshipsarealsostoredhere.ConfigurationArchitectureCIscanbeviewedasthe“glue”thatholdstheinfrastructuretogether.ExamplesExamplesofConfigurationArchitectureCIsinclude:

PointertoServiceCatalogCIRelationships（includingwhatholdsthismodeltogether）AssetInformationBlueprintsFloorplansInfrastructureArchitecturedescriptionsanddesignsPointerstoDefinitiveHardwareStores（DHS）PointerstoDefinitiveSoftwareLibraries（DSL）PointerstoITILdatabasesandrepositoriesDataArchitectureCITypesDefinitionThisCItypecoversalldataelementcomponentsthatresideintheinfrastructure.ExamplesExamplesofDataArchitectureCIsinclude:

DatabaseschemasLogicaldatabasedesignsPhysicaldatabasedesignsSANarchitecturelayoutITILdatabaseandrepositorydatalayoutsApplicationmetadatadescriptionsPointerstophysicaldatabasesManagementArchitectureCITypesDefinitionThisCItypecoverstoolsusedtomonitorandmanagetheinfrastructureandadditionaltoolsinplacetosupportITServiceManagementprocesses.ExamplesExamplesofManagementArchitectureCIsinclude:

EventmanagementtoolsIncidentloggingandescalationtoolsServicedesktoolsNetworkmanagementtoolsMonitoringandcontroltoolsServicereportingtoolsSecurityArchitectureCITypesDefinitionThisCItypecovershardware,softwareandnetworkingassetsthatmakeupthesecurityinfrastructure.ExamplesExamplesofSecurityArchitectureCIsinclude:

IdentityManagementsoftwarecomponentsSecurityeventlogsPointerstosecuritydatabasesSe