高一英语必修一二语法.docx
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高一英语必修一二语法
高一英语必修一、二语法汇总
定语从句
1.定语从句的结构及理解
2.定语从句的关系词的使用
3.定语从句的简化表达
知识总结归纳
(一)定语从句的结构:
在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:
that,which,who,whose,when,where,why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.
2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.
3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.
4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.
5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.
6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.
(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:
限定性定语从句:
从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句:
对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.
2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.
3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.
4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.
(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which或whom.
1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.
2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.
知识重点与难点
(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all,no,only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。
1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.
2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.
(2)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when,where,why还有which,that
1.I’mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.
2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.
3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn’ttellthetruthtome.
4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.
(3)as,which非限定性定语从句
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat。
as一般放在句首,which在句中。
例:
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
As的用法
thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).
as可引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。
例1.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.
例2.Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.
as是关系代词。
例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
(4)Therebe句型在定语从句中的用法
主句以Therebe…开头,先行词为物时,通常用that不用which引导定语从句。
Eg.Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.
在以Therebe…开头,先行词为人时,通常用who不用that引导定语从句。
Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.
(5)定语从句的简化表达:
1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.
2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.
3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.
4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:
45.
说明:
以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:
1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.
2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.
3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.
4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:
45.
说明:
修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:
doing短语,done短语,beingdone短语,tobedone短语修饰。
其结构和意思如下:
1.被修饰名词+doing短语:
正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2.被修饰名词+done短语:
被…..的人/事
3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语:
正在被…..的人/事
4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语:
将要被…..的人/事
(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?
(2)The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.
(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?
(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.
(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.
(6)GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.
(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.
总结:
以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。
1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。
如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2.分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。
V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。
beingdone表示正在被做的
3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的,tobedone表示将要被做的
【典型例题】
[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.
A.which B.that C.who D.it
分析:
_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。
答案:
A
[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.
A.who B.whom C.withwhom D.towhom
分析:
_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi,从句完整的表达是:
IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。
答案:
C
[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.heexplained B.whatheexplained C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
分析:
定语从句_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修饰先行词thereason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。
先行词在从句中做宾语。
答案:
A
[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.
A.who B.that C.which D.whose
分析:
非限定性定语从句_____workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系,关系词用whose 答案:
D
[例5]TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn’tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobefirstplaying
分析:
公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会,直到1912年才容纳女运动员。
_____in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames,指过去的内容,表示被动。
用done做定语。
答案:
C
[例6]Thehouses_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.
A.built B.tobebuilt C.tobuild D.beingbuilt
分析:
根据句意房子即将开工。
_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修饰Thehouses应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。
答案:
B
[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?
A.attended B.attending C.toattend D.haveattended
分析:
根据句意:
比如说,我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?
_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰Howmanyofus做定语。
与全句动作同步. 答案:
B
[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.
A.who B.oneofwhom C.oneofthem D.noneofthem
分析:
非限定性定语从句__isworkinginAustralia修饰先行词threechildren,根据从句中的is判断,是说:
三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。
答案:
B
【模拟试题】
1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.
A.whomIthinkdid B.whomIthinkshedidC.whoIthinkdid D.Ithinkwhodid
2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.
A.bywhich B.onwhich C.withwhich D.forwhich
3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.
A.where B.which C.towhich D.onwhich
4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.
A.when B.inthat C.which D.inwhich
5.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.
A.beingdiscussed B.DiscussedC.tobediscussed D.todiscuss
6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.
A.cooked B.tobecooked C.isbeingcooked D.beingcooked
7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?
A.read B.reads C.reading D.beingread
8.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,_____fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.
A.running;thatB.run;who C.running;whoD.run;that
9.Thisisthecase________he’shadallhismoneystolen.
A.whenB.where C.thatD.onwhich
10.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn,________wewillenjoytheOlympicGamesin2008.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how
11.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.
A.thatthelittlegirlaskshimB.thelittlegirlaskshimto
C.forthelittlegirltoaskhimD.whatthelittlegirlaskshim
12.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?
—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone____thetelephonenumberisprovided.
A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose
13.October15thismybirthday,________Iwillneverforget.
A.whenB.thatC.whatD.which
14.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose
15.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina________acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what
16.Ihopethatthelittle________Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when
17.Thetimeisnotfaraway________moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadin
China’svastcountryside.
A.asB.whenC.untilD.before
18.________isknowntoeverybody,TaiwanisapartofChina.Wemustunifyit.
A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What
19.Ishallneverforgettheday________ShenZhouVwaslaunched,________hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when,whichB.that,whichC.which,thatD.when,that
20.Thebreadmywifemakesismuchbetterthan________youcanbuyatastore.
A.thatwhichB.onethatC.thatofwhichD.thisofwhich
21.Thereisnosuchplace________youdreamofinallthisworld.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as
22.Thepeople,________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.
A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomesD.alloftheirhomes
23.Thehumansaredestroyingnaturedaybyday,________ofcourse,willcauseseverepunishmentfromitsoonerorlater.
A.whoB.whenC.onwhichD.which
24.Isthisresearchcenter________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?
A.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere
25.So