新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit5.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit5
新视野三版读写B2U5TextA
Spendorsave—Thestudent'sdilemma
1DoyoufeelasconfusedandmanipulatedasIdowiththisquestion,"Should
IspendorshouldIsave?
"Ithinkthatthemessageswegetfromour
environmentseemtodefycommonsenseandcontradicteachother.The
governmenttelsustospendorwe'lnevergetoutoftherecession.Atthe
sametime,theytelusthatunlesswesavemore,ourcountryis
ingravedanger.Banksofferhigherinterestratessoweincrease
savings.Thenthesamebankssenduscreditcardofferssowecanspend
more.
2Here'sanotherfamiliarexample:
Ifwedon'tpayourcreditcardbilontime,
wegetdemanding,nastyemailsfromthecreditcardcompanysaying
somethinglike:
"Yourfailuretopayisunacceptable.Payimmediatelyoryou'l
beintrouble!
"Then,assoonaswepay,wegetafolow-upemailina
charmingtonetelingushowvaluableacustomerweareandencouragingus
toresumespending.Whichdepictioniscorrect:
afailingconsumerintrouble
oravaluedcustomer?
Thegapbetweenthesetwomessagesisenormous.
3Theparadoxisthateverydaywegettwosetsofmessagesatoddswith
eachother.Oneisthe"permissive"perspective,"Buy,spend,getitnow.You
needthis!
"Theotherwecouldcalan"upright"message,whichurgesus,
"Workhardandsave.Suspendyourdesires.Avoidluxuries.Control
yourappetiteformorethanyoutrulyneed."Thismessagecomestousfrom
manysources:
fromschool,fromparents,evenfrompoliticalfiguresreferring
to"traditionalvalues".Hardwork,familyloyalty,andthecapacitytopostpone
desiresarecoreAmericanvaluesthathavemadeourcountrygreat.
*4Buttheoppositemessage,advertising'spermissivemessage,is
inescapable.Thoughsometimesdisguised,themessagesareeverywherewe
look:
onTV,inmoviesonprintedmediaandroadsigns,instores,andon
buses,trainsandsubways.Advertisementsinvadeourdailylives.Weare
constantlysurroundedbythemessagetospend,spend,spend.Someone
recentlysaid,"Theonlytimeyoucanescapeadvertisingiswhenyou'reinyour
bedasleep!
"
5It'sbeencalculatedthatbytheageof18,theaverageAmericanwilhave
seen600,000ads;bytheageof40,thetotalisalmostonemilion.Each
advertisementisdoingitsutmosttoinfluenceourdiversebuyingdecisions,
fromthebreakfastcerealweeattowhichcruiselinewewiluseforour
vacation.Thereisnoshortageofideasandthingstobuy!
Now,ofcourse,we
don'trememberexactlywhattheproductswere,buttheessentialmessage
iscementedintoourconsciousness,"It'sgoodtosatisfyyourdesires.You
shouldhavewhatyouwant.Youdeservethebest.So,youshouldbuyit—
now!
"Afamousadvertisementsaiditperfectly,"Iloveme.I'magoodfriendto
myself.Idowhatmakesmefeelgood.Iderivepleasurefromnicethingsand
feelnourishedbythem.Iusedtoputthingsoff.Notanymore.TodayI'lbuy
newskiequipment,lookatnewcompactcars,andbuythatcameraI've
alwayswanted.Ilivemydreamstoday,nottomorrow."
6
What
happens
as
we
take
in
these
contradictory
butexplicitmessages?
Whatarethepsychologicalandsocialconsequences
ofthiscampaigntocontrolourspendinghabits?
Ononehand,wewantmore
thingsbecausewewanttosatisfyourmaterialappetite.Mostofusderive
pleasurefromtreatingourselves.Ontheotherhand,alittlevoiceinside
usechoesthoseuprightmessages:
"Watchout,takestockofyourlife,don'tlet
yourattentiongetscattered.Postponeyourdesires.Don'tfalintodebt.
Wait!
Retaincontroloveryourownlife.Itwilmakeyoustronger."
7Anyway,manyoftheskilsyouneedasasuccessfulstudentcanbeapplied
toyourfinances.Consideryourfinancialwel-beingsakeyingredientofyour
universityeducationasmoneyworriesareextremelystressfuland
distracting.Theycanmakeyoufeelterribleandhinderyourabilitytofocuson
yourprimeobjective:
successfulycompletingyoureducation.
*8Howcanyoubeasmartandeducatedconsumer?
Manyschools,
communityorganizations,andevensomebanksofferfinancialliteracy
classes.Considerconsultingwithyourschool'sfinancialaidofficeor
seekinputfromyourparentsorotherrespectedadultsinsettingupa
budget.Anadditionaloptionisfindingapartnertohelpyoustayontrackand
findpleasureintheadministrationofyourownfinancialaffairs.Most
importantly,ifyoufindyourselfgettingintofinancialtrouble,don'tlet
youregogetinyourway;urgentlygethelpwithtacklingyourproblembeforeit
spinsoutofcontrolandlandsyouinlegaltroubles.
9Althiswilhelpyoubecomeaneducatedconsumerandsaver.Asyoulearn
tobalancespendingandsaving,youwilbecomethecaptainofyourownship,
steeringyourlifeinasuccessfulandproductivedirectionthrough
thechoppywaters.
LanguagePoints：
1DoyoufeelasconfusedandmanipulatedasIdowiththisquestion,“ShouldI
spendorshouldIsave?
”（Para.1）
Meaning:
Whenaskingyourselfwhetheryoushouldspendorsave,doyoufeelpuzzled
andcontroledasIdo?
Meaningbeyondwords:
Accordingtotheconventionalconcept,wearethemasteror
thebossofthemoneywehaveearned
.Itisuptoustodecidehowtouseourmoney.However,thesentencegivesusthehint
thatweareactualynolongerincontrolofourmoney.
2Ithinkthatthemessageswegetfromourenvironmentseemtodefycommon
senseandcontradicteachother.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Inmyopinion,themessageswegetinourdailylifeaboutthequestion“Should
IspendorshouldIsave?
”areagainstcommonsenseandtheyoftendon’tagreewith
eachother.
Usagenote:
defy,deny
defy和deny都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。
1defy主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而deny主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接
名词或that引导的从句。
*Nearly11thousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.近一
万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。
Thegovernmenthasdeniedthattheauthoritieshaveuncoveredaplottoassassinatethe
*president.政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。
2defy后接动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某事”时，不能用动名词形式；deny表示“否
认；拒绝承认”时，后面不能接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。
*Idefyyoutocomeupwithonemajoraccomplishmentofthecurrentprimeminister.我倒
要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。
Hedenieddoinganythingilegal.他否认做过任何违法的事。
3Thegovernmenttellsustospendorwe’llnevergetoutoftherecession.（Para.1）
Meaningbeyondwords:
Tohelpthecountryrecoverfromtheeconomicrecession,the
governmentisencouragingpeopletospend,whichwillhelpstimulateproduction,job
marketsandbankliquidity.
4Atthesametime,theytellusthatunlesswesavemore,ourcountryisingrave
danger.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Meanwhile,theywarnusthatifwedon’tsavemoremoneytheeconomic
recessionwilgrowandseverelyharmourcountry.
Usagenote:
unless
1unless作连词，表示“除非…；如果不…”，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果某个条件不出
现，某件事就不会进行”。
使用unless时必须留意从句中动词的时态。
虽然unless所说的
条件都是未出现或未发生的，但必须用一般现在时或过去时，不能用表示将来的时态。
例如：
*IwillnotgotoBeijingunlessthecompanypaysforthetrip.如果公司不支付旅费，我不会
去北京。
（不能用wilpay）
Shewouldn’tdothatunlessIallowedher.如果我不允许，她不会去做那件事。
（不能用
wouldallow）
*Shewilkeeponsingingunlesssheistoldtostop.她会一直唱下去，除非有人叫她停止。
（不能用wilbetold）
Shewouldnotcometoworkasbeforeunlesshermother’shealthconditionturnedforthe
*better.她不会像以前那样来上班了，除非她母亲的病情好转。
（不能用wouldturn）
2unless和if…not都可以引导条件状语从句，但适用情况不同，很容易混淆，要注意区别。
指将来可能发生或可能真实的情况用unless；如果知道事情没有发生或不真实则用if…not。
可以说Ifyouweren’talwaysinsuchahurry,yourworkwouldbemuchbetter。
不说Your
workwouldbemuchbetterunlessyouwerealwaysinsuchahurry。
见更多例句：
Unlesstheygetprotection,theywillnottestify.（=Iftheydonotgetprotection,theywillnot
*testify.）如果得不到保证，他们不会作证的。
*Iwouldgooutifitwasn’training.（=Butitisraining,soIamnotgoingout.）要是不下雨，
我就出去了。
5Banksofferhigherinterestratessoweincreasesavings.Thenthesamebanks
senduscreditcardofferssowecanspendmore.（Para.1）
Meaningbeyondwords:
Hereisthe“spendorsave”paradox.Ononehand,the
governmenttellsustospend,and,ontheotherhand,theywantustosavemore.While
thebanksofferhighinterestratestoattractustodepositmoney,theysenduscreditcards
toencourageustospend.
6Here’sanotherfamiliarexample:
Ifwedon’tpayourcreditcardbillontime,we
getdemanding,nastyemailsfromthecreditcardcompanysayingsomethinglike:
“Yourfailuretopayisunacceptable.Payimmediatelyoryou’llbeintrouble!
”（Para.
2）
Meaning:
Ifwefailtopayourcreditcardbilontime,thecreditcardcompanywillsendus
harshandunfriendlyemailmessagestowarnusthateitherwepayatonceorwe’lget
penalties.
Sentencestructurenote:
祈使句+or/and+陈述句
1“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构表示“…否则…”，其中，or还可以换成and，表达的意思发生相
应的变化，表示“如果…，就…”。
对连词or或者and的选择，主要根据相应连词前后句表
达的意义，如果前后句有转折关系，就用or，一般表达一种负面的结果；如果前后句表示
意义顺承，无转折关系，就用and。
例如：
*Listentotheteachercarefulyinclass,oryoucan’tcatchwhatheissaying.上课时要仔细
听老师讲课，否则你就无法了解他在说什么。
*Walkdownourstreet,andyou’lseekidsplaying.你要是走上街头，就会看到孩子们在玩
耍。
2在“祈使句+or/and+陈述句”结构中；陈述句通常用将来时态,即“wil+动词原形”，也可用
情态动词can，may等。
但通常不能用一般现在时或现在进行时。
例如：
*Workhard,andyoucanmakerapidprogressinyourstudy.努力吧，你会在学业上突飞猛
进的。
*Folowtheadviceofthedoctor,oryouwon’tbewellverysoon.遵从医生的叮嘱，否则你
的身体就不会很快好起来。
3“祈使句+or/and+陈述句”结构可与if引导的条件状语从句互换。
例如:
*Getupquickly,oryouwillbelate.（=Ifyoudon’tgetupquickly,youwillbelate.）快点起
床，不然你会迟到的。
Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.（=Ifyouworkhard,youwilpasstheexam.）如果
你努力学习，你就会通过考试。
4“祈使句+or/and+陈述句”结构中，祈使句有时可以省略动词。
例如：
Makemoreeffort,oryouwon’tbesuccessful.（=Moreeffort,oryouwon’tbesuccessful.）
如果不多些努力，你就不会成功。
Givemeonemore
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