逻辑数据库设计外文翻译.docx

逻辑数据库设计外文翻译.docx

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逻辑数据库设计外文翻译

外文原文

Inmanyorganizations,databasedevelopmentfromthebeginningofenterprisedatamodeling,datamodelingenterprisesdeterminethescopeofthedatabaseandthegeneralcontent.Thisstepusuallyoccursinanorganization'sinformationsystemplanningprocess,itaimstohelporganizationscreateanoveralldatadescriptionorexplanation,andnotthedesignofaspecificdatabase.Aspecificdatabaseforoneormoreinformationsystemsprovidedataandthecorporatedatamodel（whichmayinvolveanumberofdatabases）describedbytheorganizationmaintainingthescopeofthedata.Datamodelingintheenterprise,youreviewofthecurrentsystem,theneedtosupportanalysisofthenatureofthebusinessareas,theneedforfurtherdescriptionoftheabstractdata,andplanningoneormoredatabasedevelopmentproject.Figure1showsPineValleyfurniturecompany'senterprisedatamodelofapart.

1.1InformationSystemArchitecture

Asshowninfigure1,seniordatamodelisonlygeneralinformationsystemarchitecture（ISA）orapartofanorganization'sinformationsystemblueprint.Intheinformationsystemplanning,youcanbuildanenterprisedatamodelasawholeinformationsystemarchitecturepart.AccordingtoZachman（1987）,SowaandZachman（1992）viewsofaninformationsystemarchitectureconsistsofthefollowingsixkeycomponents:

Data（Figure1shows,butthereareothermethodsthat）.

Manipulationofdataprocessing（ofadataflowdiagramcanbeused,withtheobjectmodelmethods,orothersymbolsthat）.

Networks,whichorganizationsandinorganizationswithitsmaintransmissionofdatabetweenbusinesspartners（itcanconnectthroughthenetworktopologymapandtodemonstrate）.

Peoplewhodealwiththeimplementationofdataandinformationandisthesourceandreceiver（intheprocessmodelforthedatashowsthatthesenderandthereceiver）.

Implementationoftheeventsandtimepoints（theycanusestatetransitiondiagramandothermeans.）

Thereasonsfortheincidentanddataprocessingrules（oftenintheformoftextdisplay,buttherearealsoanumberofchartsfortheplanningtoolssuchasdecisiontables）.

1.2InformationEngineering

Informationsystemsplannersinaccordancewiththespecificinformationsystemplanningmethodsdevelopedinformationsystemarchitecture.Informationengineeringisapopularandformalmethods.Informationengineeringisadata-orientedcreationandmaintenanceoftheinformationsystem.Informationengineeringisbecausethedata-oriented,sowhenyoubegintounderstandhowthedatabaseisdefinedbythelogoandwheninformationengineeringaconciseexplanationisveryhelpful.InformationEngineeringfollowtop-downplanningapproach,inwhichspecificinformationsystemsfromawiderangeofinformationneedsintheunderstandingderivedfrom（forexample,weneedaboutcustomers,products,suppliers,salesandprocessingofthedatacenter）,ratherthanmergingmanydetailedinformationrequested（orderssuchasascreenorinaccordancewiththeimportationofgeographicalsalessummaryreport）.Top-downplanningwillenabledeveloperstoplanmorecomprehensiveinformationsystem,considersystemcomponentsprovideanintegratedapproachtoenhancetheinformationsystemandtherelationshipbetweenthebusinessobjectivesoftheunderstanding,deepentheirunderstandingofinformationsystemsthroughouttheorganizationinunderstandingtheimpact.

InformationEngineeringincludesfoursteps:

planning,analysis,designandimplementation.Theplanningstageofprojectinformationgeneratedinformationsystemarchitecture,includingenterprisedatamodel.

1.3InformationSystemPlanning

InformationsystemsplanningobjectiveistoenableITorganizationsandthebusinessstrategycloselyintegrated,suchintegrationfortheinformationsystemsandtechnologytomakethemostoftheinvestmentinterestisveryimportant.Asthetableasadescription,informationengineeringapproachtheplanningstageincludethreesteps,weinthefollow-upofthreesectionstheydiscussed.

1.Criticalfactorsdeterminingtheplanning

Planningisthekeyfactorthatorganizationalobjectives,criticalsuccessfactorsandproblemareas.Thesefactorsdeterminethepurposeoftheestablishmentofplanningandenvironmentplanningandinformationsystemslinkedtostrategicbusinessplanning.Table2showsthePineValleyfurniturecompany'skeyplanninganumberofpossiblefactors,thesefactorscontributetotheinformationsystemsmanagerforthenewinformationsystemsanddatabasesclubstopprioritytodealwiththedemand.Forexample,giventheimprecisesalesforecaststhisproblemareas,informationsystemsmanagersintheorganizationmaybestoredinthedatabaseadditionalhistoricalsalesdata,newmarketresearchdataandnewproducttestdata.

2.Theplanningorganizationssettargets

Organizationsplanningtargetsdefinedscopeofbusiness,andbusinessscopewilllimitthesubsequentanalysisandinformationsystemsmaychangeplaces.Fivekeyplanningtargetsasfollows:

●organizationalunitsinthevarioussectors.

●organizationslocationoftheplaceofbusinessoperations.

●functionsofthebusinesssupportorganizationshandlingmissionoftherelevantgroup.Unlikebusinessorganizationsfunctionmodules,infactafunctioncanbeassignedtovariousorganizationsmodules（forexample,productdevelopmentfunctionistheproductionandsaleofthecommonresponsibilityoftheMinistry）.

●typesofentitiesmanagedbytheorganizationonthepeople,placesandthingsofthemajortypesofdata.

●InformationSystemdatasetprocessingsoftwareapplicationsandsupportprocedures.

2databasedevelopmentprocess

Basedoninformationengineeringinformationsystemsplanningdatabaseisasourceofdevelopmentprojects.Thesenewdatabasedevelopmentprojectsisusuallyinordertomeetthestrategicneedsoforganizations,suchasimprovingcustomersupport,improveproductandinventorymanagement,oramoreaccuratesalesforecast.However,manymoredatabasedevelopmentprojectisthebottom-upapproachemerging,suchasinformationsystemuserneedsspecificinformationtocompletetheirwork,thusbeginningaprojectrequest,andasotherinformationsystemsexpertsfoundthatorganizationsneedtoimprovedatamanagementandbeginnewprojects.Bottom-upeveninthecircumstances,tosetupanenterprisedatamodelisalsonecessarytounderstandtheexistingdatabasecanprovidethenecessarydata,otherwise,thenewdatabase,dataentitiesandattributescanbeaddedtothecurrentdataresourcestotheorganization.

Boththestrategicneedsoroperationalinformationneedsofeachdatabasedevelopmentprojectsnormallyconcentratedinadatabase.Someprojectsonlyconcentratedinthedatabasedefinition,designandimplementationofadatabase,asafollow-uptothebasisofthedevelopmentofinformationsystems.However,inmostcases,thedatabaseandassociatedinformationprocessingfunctionasacompleteinformationsystemsdevelopmentprojectwaspartofthedevelopment.

2.1SystemDevelopmentLifeCycle

Guidemanagementinformationsystemdevelopmentprojectsisthetraditionalprocessofsystemdevelopmentlifecycle（SDLC）.SystemdevelopmentlifecycleisanorganizationofthedatabasedesignersandprogrammersinformationsystemcomposedofthePanelofExpertsdetaileddescription,development,maintenanceandreplacementoftheentireinformationsystemsteps.ThisprocessisbecauseWaterfallthanforeverystepintotheadjacentthenextstep,thatis,theinformationsystemisaspecificationdevelopedbyapieceofland,everypieceoftheoutputisunderaninput.Howevershowninthefigure,thesestepsarenotpurelylinear,eachofthestepsoverlapintime（andthuscanmanageparallelsteps）,butwhentheneedtoreconsiderpreviousdecisions,butalsotorollbacksomestepsahead.（Andthereforewatercanbeputbackinthewaterfall!

）

Figure4onthesystemdevelopmentlifecycleandthepurposeofeachstageoftheproductcanbedeliveredconcisenotes.Thesystemdevelopmentlifecycleincludingeachstageanddatabasedevelopment-relatedactivities,therefore,thequestionofdatabasemanagementsystemsthroughouttheentiredevelopmentprocess.InFigure5werepeatofthesystemdevelopmentlifecyclestageoftheseven,andoutlinesthecommondatabaseateachstageofdevelopmentactivities.Pleasenotethatthesystemsdevelopmentlifecyclestagesanddatabasedevelopmentsteps一一对应existsbetweentherelationshipbetweentheconceptofmodelingdatainbothsystemsdevelopmentlifecyclestagesbetween.

ConceptualDataModeling

OnehasalreadybegunontheInformationSystemproject,theconceptofdatamodelingphaseoftheinformationsystemsneedsofallthedata.Itisdividedintotwostages.First,itbegantheprojectintheplanningstageandtheestablishmentofaplansimilartoFigure1.Atthesametimeoutliningtheestablishmentofotherdocumentstotheexistingdatabasewithoutconsideringthecircumstancesspecificdevelopmentprojectsinthescopeoftherequireddata.Thiscategoryonlyincludeshigh-leveldata（entities）,andmaincontact.Theninthesystemdevelopmentlife-cycleanalysisstagemusthaveamanagementinformationsystemsettheentireorganizationDetailsofthedatamodeldefinitionofalldataattributes,listingalldatatypesthatalldatainter-entitybusinesslinkages,definingdescriptionofthefulldataintegrityrules.Intheanalysisphase,butalsotheconceptofinspectiondatamodel（alsocalledtheconceptbehindthemodel）andthegoalofinformationsystemsusedtoexplainotheraspectsofthemodelofconsistencycategories,suchasprocessing