最新推荐故宫英文导游词实用word文档 13页.docx

最新推荐故宫英文导游词实用word文档 13页.docx

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最新推荐故宫英文导游词实用word文档13页

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故宫英文导游词

　　forbiddencity（紫禁城）

　　（infrontofthemeridiangate）

　　ladiesandgentlemen:

　　iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.

　　thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthepurpleforbiddencity.itisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinchinatoday.undermingemperoryongle,constructionbeganin1406.ittook14yearstobuildtheforbiddencity.thefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasmingemperorzhudi.forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenqingemperorpuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.in1987,theunitednationseducational,scientificandculturalorganizationrecognizedtheforbiddencitywasaworldculturallegacy.

　　itisbelievedthatthepalacemuseum,orzijincheng（purpleforbiddencity）,gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,theancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheziweiyuan（northstar）.theconstellationcontainingthenorthstarwascalledtheconstellationofheavenlygodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,laozi,tothehanghupass.here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.thewordjin（forbidden）isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.

　　theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.yellowisthecoloroftheearthontheloessplateau,theoriginalhomeofthechinesepeople.yellowbecameanimperialcolorduringthetangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.

　　theforbiddencityisrectangularinshape.itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.a52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.9-meter—highwallwhichenclosesthecomplex.octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.therearefourentrancesintothecity:

themeridiangatetothesouth,theshenwugate（gateofmilitaryprowess）tothenorth,andthexihuagate（gateofmilitaryprowess）tothenorth,andthexihuagate（westernflowerygate）tothewest,thedonghua（easternflowerygate）totheeast.

　　manpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheforbiddencity.atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.marblewasquarriedfromfangshancountrymountpaninjixiancountyinhebeiprovince.granitewasquarriedinquyangcountyinhebeiprovince.pavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinsuzhouinsouthernchina.bricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginshandongprovince.timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions.

　　thestructureinfrontofusisthemeridiangate.itisthemainentrancetotheforbiddencity.itisalsoknowsaswufenglou（five-phoenixtower）.mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthechineselunaryearinhornoroftheircounties.theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficalsbyfloggingthemwithsticks.

　　qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.qingemperorqianglongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli（announcementofcalendar）tobanshou（announcementofnewmoon）toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotheremperor`sname,hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.qingdynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheemperorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar.

　　（afterenteringthemeridiangateandstandinginfrontofthefivemarblebridgesongoldenwaterriver）

　　nowweareinsidetheforbiddencity.beforewestartourtour,iwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbefourus.tocompletethissolemn,magnificentandpalatialcomplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorth-southaxis,and8-kilometer-longinvisiblelinethathasbecomeaninseparablepartofthecityofbeijing.theforbiddencitycoversroughlyone–thirdofthiscentralaxis.mostoftheimportantbuildingintheforbiddencitywereearrangedalongthisline.thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoftheroyalcourtandrigidly–stratifiedfeudalsystem.

　　theforbiddencityisdividedintoanouterandaninnercount.wearenowstandingonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.infrontofusliesthegateofsupremeharmony.thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpoweranddignity.thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.theoneontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresentstateunity.theotheroneisafemale.underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobeasymbolofperpetualimperialsuccession.thewindingbrookbeforeusisthegoldenwaterriver.itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.thefivebridgesspanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyconfucius:

benevolence,righteousness,rites,intellenceandfidelity.therivertakestheshapeofabowandthenorth-southaxisisitsarrow.thiswasmeanttoshowthattheemperorsruledthecountryonbehalfofgod.

　　（infrontofthegateofsupremeharmony）

　　theforbiddencityconsistsofanoutercountyardandaninnerenclosure.theoutcountyardcoversavastspacelyingbetweenthemeridiangateandthegateofheavenlypurity.the“threebighalls”ofsupremeharmony,completeharmonyandpreservingharmonyconstitutethecenterofthisbuildinggroup.flankingtheminbilateralsymmetryaretwogroupsofpalaces:

wenhua（prominentscholars）andwuying（bravewarriors）.thethreegreathallsarebuiltonaspacious“h”-shaped,8-meter-high,triplemarbleterrace,eachlevelofthetripleterraceistallerthantheonbelowandallareencircledbymarblebalustradescarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.therearethreecarvedstonestaircaseslinkingthethreearchitectures.thehallofsupremeharmonyisalsothetallestandmostexquisiteancientwooden-structuredmansioninallofchina.fromthepalaceofheavenlypurithnorthwardiswhatisknownastheinnercourt,whichisalsobuiltinbilaterallysymmetricalpatterns.inthecenterarethepalaceofheavenlypurity,thehallofunionandpeaceandpalaceofearthlytranquility,aplacewheretheemperorslivedwiththeirfamiliesandattendedtostateaffairs.flankingthesestructuresarepalacesandhallsinwhichconcubinesandprinceslived.therearealsothreebotanicalgardenswithintheinnercount,namely,theimperialgarden,caninggardenandquailinggarden.aninnergoldenwaterriverflowseastwardlywithintheinnercourt.thebrookwindsthroughthreeminorhallsorpalacesandleadsoutoftheforbiddencity.itisspannedbythewhitejadebridge.theriverislinedwithwinding,marble–carvedbalustrades.mostofthestructureswithintheforbiddencityhaveyellowglazedtileroofs.

　　asidefromgivingprominencetothenorth-southaxis,otherarchitecturalmethodswereappliedtomakeeverygroupofpalatialstructuresuniqueintermsofterraces,roofs,mythicalmonstersperchingontheroofsandcolored,drawingpatterns.withthese,thegrandcontouranddifferenthierarchicspectrumofthecomplexwerestrengthened.folklorehasitthattherearealtogether9,999room-unitsintheforbiddencity.sinceparadiseonlyhas10,000rooms,thesonofheavenonearthcutthenumberbyhalfaroom.itisalsorumouredthatthishalf–roomislocatedtothewestofthewenyuangepavilion（imperiallibrary）.asamatteroffact,althoughtheforbiddencityhasmorethan9,000room-units,thishalf-roomisnonexistent.thewenyuangepavilionisalibrarywhere“sikuquanshu”-china`sfirstcomprehensiveanthology-wasstored.

　　（afterwalkingpastthegateofsupremeharmony）

　　ladiesandgentlemen,thegreathallweareapproachingisthehallofsupremeharmony,thebiggestandtallestofitskingintheforbiddencity.thisstructurecoversatotalbuildingspaceof2,377squaremeters,andisknowforitsupturned,multiplecounterparteaves.thehallofsupremeharmonysitsonatriple“h”-shapedmarbleterracetheis8metershighandlinkedbystaircases.thestaircaseonthegroundfloorhas21stepswhilethemiddleandupperstairwayseachhave9.

　　theconstructionofthehallofsupremeharmonybeganin1406.itburneddownthreetimesandwasseverelydamagedonceduringamutiny.theexistingarchitecturewasbuiltduringtheqingdynasty.onthecornersoftheeavesalineofanimal-nailswereusuallyfastenedtothetiles.theseanimal-nailswerelaterreplacewithmythicalanimalstowardoffevilspirits.therearealtogether9suchfastenersontopofthishall.thenumberninewasregardedbytheancientstobethelargestnumeralaccessibletomanandtowhichonlytheemperorswereentitled.

　　therewasatotalof24successiveemperorsduringthemingandqingdynastieswhowereenthronedhere.theballwasalsousedforceremonies