四级题.docx

四级题.docx

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四级题

四级题

Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourcampus,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?

PartIIListeningComprehensionPartIIListeningComprehension.（30minutes

）PartIIIReadingComprehensionPartIIIReadingComprehension.（40minutes）

SectionASectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.

　　Globalwarmingisatrendtowardwarmerconditionsaroundtheworld.Partofthewarmingisnatural;wehaveexperienceda20,000-year-longwarmingasthelasticeageendedandtheice__36___away,However,wehavealreadyreachedtemperaturesthatarein__37__withotherminimum-iceperiods,socontinuedwarmingislikelynotnatural.Weare__38__toapredictedworldwideinincreaseintemperatures__39__1℃and6℃overthenext100years.Thewarmingwillbemore__40__insomeareas,lessinother,andsomeplacesmayevencooloff.Likewise,the__41__ofthiswarmingwillbeverydifferentdependingonwhereyouare-coastalareasmustworryaboutrisingsealevels,whileSiberiaandnorthernCanadamaybecomemorehabitable（宜居的）and__42__forhumansthantheseareasarenow.　　Thefactremains,however,thatitwilllikelygetwarmer,on__43__,everywhere.Scientistsareingeneralagreementthatthewarmerconditionswehavebeenexperiencingareatleastinparttheresultofahuman-inducedglobalwarmingtrend.Somescientists___44__thatthechangesweareseeingfallwithintherangeofrandom（无规律的）variation-someyearsarecold,otherswarm,andwehavejusthadanunremarkablestringofwarmyears__45___--butthatisbecominganincreasinglyrareinterpretationinthefaceofcontinuedandincreasingwarmconditions.注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）appealingI）meltedB）averageJ）persistC）contributingK）rangingD）dramatic　L）recentlyE）frequently　M）resolvedF）impact　N）sensibleG）lineO）shockH）maintainSectionBSectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheEndoftheBook?

[A]Amazon,byfarthelargestbooksellerinthecountry,reportedonMay19thatitisnowsellingmorebooksinitselectronicKindleformatthanintheoldpaper-and-inkformat.Thatisremarkable,consideringthattheKindlehasonlybeenaroundforfouryears.E-booksnowaccountfor14percentofallbooksalesinthecountryandareincreasingfarfasterthanoverallbooksales.E-booksalesareup146percentoverlastyear,whilehardbacksalesincreased6percentandpaperbacksdecreased8percent.[B]Doesthisspellthedoomofthephysicalbook?

Certainlynotimmediately,andperhapsnotatall.WhatitdoesmeanisthatthebookbusinesswillgothroughatransformationinthenextdecadeorsomoreprofoundthananyithasseensinceGutenbergintroducedprintingfrommoveabletypeinthe1450s.[C]Physicalbookswillsurelybecomemuchrarerinthemarketplace.Massmarketpaperbacks,whichhavebeendecliningforyearsanyway,willprobablydisappear,aswillhardbacksformysteries,thrillers,“romancefiction,”etc.Suchbooks,whichonlyrarelyendupinpermanentcollections,eitherprivateorpublic,willprobablyonlybeavailablease-bookswithinafewyears.Hardbackandtradepaperbacksfor“serious”nonfictionandfictionwillsurelylastlonger.Perhapsitwillbecomethemarkofanauthortoreckonwiththatheorsheisstillpublishedinhardcopy.[D]Asforchildren’sbooks,whoknows?

Children’sbooksarelikedogfoodinthatthepurchasersarenottheconsumers,sothemarket（andthemarketing）isinherentlystrange.[E]Forcluestothebook’sfuture,let’slookatsomeexamplesoftechnologicalchangeandseewhathappenedtotheoldtechnology.[F]Onetechnologyreplacesanotheronlybecausethenewtechnologyisbetter,cheaper,orboth.Thegreaterthedifference,thesoonerandmorethoroughlythenewtechnologyreplacestheold.Printingwithmoveabletypeonpaperdramaticallyreducedthecostofproducingabookcomparedwiththeold-fashionedoneshandwrittenonvellum,whichcomesfromsheepskin.ABible—tobesure,alongbook—requiredvellummadefrom300sheepskinsandcountlessman-hoursoflabor.Beforeprintingarrived,aBiblecostmorethanamiddle-classhouse.Therewereperhaps50,000booksinallofEuropein1450.By1500therewere10million.[G]Butwhileprintingquicklycausedthehandwrittenbooktodieout,handwritinglingeredon（继续存在）wellintothe16thcentury.Veryspecialbooksarestilloccasionallyproducedonvellum,buttheyareone-of-a-kindshowpieces.[H]Sometimesanewtechnologydoesn’tdrivetheoldoneout,butonlypartsofitwhileforcingtheresttoevolve.Themovieswerewidelypredictedtodrivelivetheateroutofthemarketplace,buttheydidn’t,becausetheaterturnedouttohavequalitiesmoviescouldnotreproduce.Equally,TVwassupposedtoreplacemoviesbut,again,didnot.[I]Moviesdid,however,fatallyimpactsomepartsoflivetheater.AndwhileTVdidn’tkillmovies,itdidkillsecond-ratepictures,shorts,andcartoons.[J]NordidTVkillradio.Comedyanddramashows（“JackBenny,”“AmosandAndy,”“TheShadow”）allmigratedtotelevision.Butbecauseyoucan’tdriveacarandwatchtelevisionatthesametime,rushhourbecameradio’sprime,whilemusic,talk,andnewsradiogreatlyenlargedtheiraudiences.Radioistodayaverydifferentbusinessthaninthelate1940sandamuchlargerone.[K]Sometimesoldtechnologylingersforcenturiesbecauseofitssymbolicpower.Mountedcavalry（骑兵）replacedthechariot（二轮战车）onthebattlefieldaround1000BC.ButchariotsmaintainedtheirplaceinparadesandtriumphsrightupuntiltheendoftheRomanEmpire1,500yearslater.Theswordhasn’thadamilitaryfunctionforahundredyears,butisstillpartofanofficer’sfull-dressuniform,preciselybecauseaswordalwayssymbolized“anofficerandagentleman.”[L]Sometimesnewtechnologyisalittlecranky（不稳定的）atfirst.Televisionrepairmanwasacommonoccupationinthe1950s,forinstance.Andsotheoldtechnologyremainsasabackup.SteamshipscapturedtheNorthAtlanticpassengerbusinessfromsailinthe1840sbecauseofitsmuchgreaterspeed.Butsteamshipsdidn’tlosetheirsailsuntilthe1880s,becauseearlymarineengineshadanastyhabitofbreakingdown.Untilshipsbecamelargeenough（andenginessmallenough）tomounttwoenginessidebyside,theyneededtokeepsails.（Thehighcostofsteamandthelesserneedforspeedkeptthemajorityoftheworld’soceanfreightmovingbysailuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.）[M]Thenthereisthefireplace.Centralheatingwaspresentineveryupper-andmiddle-classhomebythesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Butfunctioningfireplacesremaintothisdayapowerfulsellingpointinahouseorapartment.Isuspectthereasonisadeep-rootedloveofthefire.Firewasoneoftheearliestmajortechnologicaladvancesforhumankind,providingheat,protection,andcookedfood（whichismucheasiertocatanddigest）.Humancontroloffiregoesbackfarenough（overamillionyears）thatevolutioncouldhaveproducedageneticleaningtowardsfireasacentralaspectofhumanlife.[N]Books—especiallybookstheaveragepersoncouldafford—haven’tbeenaroundlongenoughtoproduceevolutionarychangeinhumans.Buttheyhaveapowerfulholdonmanypeoplenonetheless,aholdextendingfarbeyondtheirliterarycontent.Attheirbest,theyareworksofartandthereisatactile（触觉的）pleasureinbooksnecessarilylostine-bookversions.Theabilitytoquicklythumbthroughpagesisalsolost.Andaroomwithbooksinitinduces,atleastinsome,afeelingnotdissimilartothatofafireinthefireplaceonacoldwinter’snight.[O]ForthesereasonsIthinkphysicalbookswillhavealongerexistenceasacommercialproductthansomecurrentlypredict.Likeswords,bookshavesymbolicpower.Likefireplaces,theyinduceasenseofcomfortandwarmth.And,perhaps,similartosails,theymakeausefulback-upforwhenthelightsgoout.注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Authorsstillpublishedinprintedversionswillbeconsideredimportantones.47.Somepeoplearestillinfavorofprintedbooksbecauseofthesenseoftouchtheycanprovide.48.Theradiobusinesshaschangedgreatlyandnowattractsmorelisteners.49.Contrarytomanypeople’spredictionofitsdeath,thefilmindustrysurvived.50.Remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinthebookbusiness.51.Oldtechnologysometimescontinuestoexistbecauseofitsreliability.52.Theincreaseofe-booksaleswillforcethebookbusinesstomakechangesnotseenforcenturies.53.Anewtechnologyisunlikelytotaketheplaceofanoldonewithoutaclearadvantage.54.Paperbacksofpopularliteraturearemorelikelytobereplacedbye-books.55.Ahousewithafireplacehasastrongerappealtobuyers.SectionCSectionC

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne　　Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn’taneither/orproposition（命题），althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM（science,technology,engineering,maths-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowl