北京初三英语期末考试阅读CD篇汇编带答案主城区.docx

北京初三英语期末考试阅读CD篇汇编带答案主城区.docx

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北京初三英语期末考试阅读CD篇汇编带答案主城区

2021初三英语上学期期末考试阅读理解CD篇汇编（北京城六区）

2021海淀期末

C

Self-controlisaskillthatchildrenneedtosucceedinschool,sociallyandemotionally.Thedevelopmentofself-controlbeginsatbirthandcontinuesthroughoutourlives.Asbabies,wehavelittleornocontroloverourbehaviorsandemotions,butaswegetolder,withthehelpofparentsorcaregivers,welearnhowtotaketurns,howtopayattentioninclass,sticktoachallengingtask,andrestrain（制止）fromhittinganotherchild.Theseabilitiescontinuetodevelopinourchildhoodandthenyouthbood.Also,itisclearthatbeingimpulsive（易冲动的）canhavebadeffectsonchildren,causinginterpersonalproblems,poorphysicalhealth,andpsychiatricdisorders.

Therefore,bylearningself-control,childrencanmakerightdecisionsandrespondtosituationsinpositiveways.Oneoftheeffectivestrategies,whenhelpingchildrendevelopself-controlabilities,istoselectdevelopmentallypropertasks.Trysettingupsimplegoalsfirst,wheresuccessisexpected,beforemovingontothenextgoal.Forpreschoolers,goalsmightincludenotinterruptingornotfightingontheplayground.Forearlyelementaryschoolstudents,rightgoalsmightbefollowingbedtimerules.

However,it’snotenoughtosetupsimplegoals,becauseforchildrenofthesameage,therearestillsomedifferencesinthedevelopmentofself-controlabilities.Somegeneralstrategiesoftenhelpthemlearnrightself-controlbehaviors.

●Takeabreak

Encouragechildrentotakeabreakor“timein”whenevertheyfeeldown,annoyedorangry.Steppingawayfromanupsettingsituationcanhelpachildcalmdown.

●Teachandprovideattention

Payingattentionisaskillthatcanbetaught.Encouragechildrentoresistinterruptingbylearningtoobserveotherswithouttalking,sotheycanjoinineasily.Makesuretoprovidechildrenwithattentionattimessotheydon’tfeelignoredandthereforeareunlikelytointerrupt.

●Useproperrewards（奖励）

Inordertodeveloppositivebehaviors,childrenneedfrequentlypositivefeedback.Praiseandconsistentfeedbackcanbehighlyrewardingforyoungchildren.Itisimportanttoletachildknowwhatadesiredbehavioris.

●Useactivitiesdesignedtoteachself-regulation（自我管理）

Usingspecificactivitiescanhelpteachyoungchildrenskillsthatimproveself-control.Someoftheseskillsincludedealingwith“wantingsomethingIcan’thave”,understandingfeelings,andcontrollinganger.

47.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

A.Aspeoplegetolder,theirattentionwillimprovenaturally.

B.Beingimpulsivecanoftencausebadresultsinchildren’sgrades.

C.Childrencanlearnhowtocontrolthemselveswiththehelpofparents.

D.Self-controldevelopmentbeginsatbirthandkeepsgrowingtillyouthbood.

48.Whatcanteachersdowhenstudentsfeelverydisappointed?

A.Teachandprovideattention.B.Giverewardsandsuggestions.

C.Teachskillstoregulatethemselves.D.Encouragethemtotakeabreak.

49.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TimeWaitsforNoMan—TheDevelopmentofSelf-Control

B.HavePoweroverYourMind—TipsonDevelopingSelf-Control

C.PreventionIsBetterthanCure—RulesofSelf-ControlBehaviors

D.ThinkTwiceBeforeYouAct—TheImportanceofSelf-ControlSkills

D

TechnologyProgress

OnJune22,1927,CharlesLindberghflewintoDayton,Ohio,fordinneratOrvilleWright’shouse.Ithadbeenjustamonthsincetheyoungpilot’sfirsteverindividualnonstopcrossingoftheAtlantic,andhefeltheoughttopayrespectstothepioneerofflight.

Forty-twoyearslater,onJuly16,1969,Apollo11astronautNeilArmstrongwasallowedtobringapersonalguesttotheKennedySpaceCentertoviewthelaunchofNASA’stoweringSaturnVrocket.Armstronginvitedhishero,CharlesLindbergh.That’showfasttechnologyadvancedinthe20thcentury.

However,progressisn’twhatitusedtobenow.NorthwesternUniversityeconomistRobertGordonarguesthatby1970,allthekeytechnologiesofmodernlifewereinplace:

electricity,highways,telecommunications,andthelike.Afterthat,innovation（创新）andeconomicgrowthsimplycouldn’tkeepgoingfastasthelast100years—aperiodGordoncalls“thespecialcentury”.Gordonarguesthelivesofpeopleindevelopednationslookandfeelthesamein2020astheydidin1979or1989.

Slopingdownisgoodinonesmallway,thoughbadinmostofthewaysthatcount.Rapidchangescansometimesbedisorienting（令人迷惑的）.Andwhenthingsdevelopatalowerspeed,peopleandinstitutionsdohavemoretimetobreatheandfitin.Butslowingdownisn’twhatitshouldbe.Inmanyareasoftechnology,theforwardmovementtodayfeelstragicallyslow,evennonexistent.

Considerconsumerrobotics.There’shugepotentialforrobotstohelpus.Buthomeroboticscompaniesseemtokeepfolding.Forexample,socialrobotmakerJiboclosedinMarehafterraisingalmost$73million.

Ourcentury’sonesignaturetechnologyachievementissmartphones.Atthispoint,we’vehadtheminourpocketslongenoughtobegintoappreciatetheirdangers.Meanwhilethelistofpossiblyworld-changingtechnologiesthatgetpeople’sattentionbutstillremainintheoriginalstageisverylong.Self-drivingcars,ARglasses.NeedIcontinue?

Indeed,theseareallhardproblems.Buthistorically,solvingthebigproblemshasrequiredcontinuous,large-scaleinvestment（投资）,oftenwithprivatemarketsandtaxpayerssharingthecost.Inthiscentury,weneedtoundosomebadresultsofthelastgreatboom（繁荣）bydevelopingaffordablezero—andnegative—emissionstechnologiesrightnow.That’sanotherhardproblem—andtosolveit,we’llneedtorethinkwhatmadethe“specialcentury”sospecial.

50.ThewritermentionsCharlesLindberghinParagraphs1and2toshowthat________.

A.Charleshadcontributedgreatlytotechnology

B.Charlespaidrespectstothepioneerofflight

C.technologydevelopedrapidlyinthe20thcentury

D.technologyhasadvancedtoahighernewlevel

51.Theunderlinedword“folding”inParagraph5probablymeans________.

A.shuttingB.separatingC.growingD.operating

52.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Someworld-changingtechnologiesarenotmakingprogress.

B.Homeroboticscompaniesfailedbecauseoflittleinvestment.

C.It’stimetorealizethedisadvantagesoffastdevelopmentnow.

D.Itdoesn’ttakeuslongbeforewerealizethedangersofsmartphones.

53.Thewriterprobablyagrees________.

A.marketsandtaxpayershaveadutytodeveloptechnologies

B.innovationandinvestmentareneededfortechnologyadvance

C.whatmadethelastcenturyspecialwillhappeninthenewcentury

D.rapidchangesintechnologyarebadinmostofthewaysthatcount

2021西城期末

C

Areyoutiredofmakingsomanydecisionseveryday?

Peoplemaybefacedwithupto35,000choicesandahugenumberofoptions（可选择的事物）perday.Whentiredofdecisionmaking,peoplemaydependonfate（命运）—rolladiceorsimplyflipacoin.

Shallwemakechoicesatrandom（随机）?

Icametothinkaboutthebenefitsofrandomdecisionmakingwhen

watchingaTVshowlastnight.ItsmaincharacterSheldonusedthedicetorandomlyorderfoodanddrinksinarestaurant.Hedidthistofreeuphismindtoconsidersomemoreimportantproblems.However,hisfriendsquestionthemethod’ssuccess.Indeed,thisrandomrestaurantorderincludingalargedrinkwastoomuchforhim.Sheldonfinallyrealizedthattherandomresultcouldbeimprovedbyreducingoptionstoleaveoutlargedrinks.Thisexamplesuggeststhatrandomdecisionmakingmaynotalwaysworkwellandit’snecessarytoreducetheoptionsbeforerollingadiceinsomesituations.

Insomeunimportantdecisionsituations,randomisersmakeiteasiertodecide.Buthowdodiceworkinmoreimportantdecisionsituations?

It’shardtoaccepttheideaofcompletelydependingonadice.However,thisdoesn’tmeanthatdiceorcoinscan’tbeofanyhelpatall.

LetmeborrowanotherexamplefromSheldon.Hecouldn’tmakeuphismindwhenchoosinganewTVsetfromtwo.HisfriendAmyaskedhimtoflipacoin.Ratherthanblindlyfollowingtheresult,however,shesuggestedcheckinghisemotionalreaction.Didheexperiencehappinessordisappointmentwhenfacedwiththecoin’sresult?

Sheldon’sreactioncouldbeusefultofindoutwhichonehetrulypreferred.

Recently,scientistsstudiedthisdecisionmethodandfoundthatflippingacoinledpeopletoimaginethetwodifferentresultsmoreclearly,whichresultedinastrongeremotionalreaction,andthentheyrecognisedhiddenpreferencesandmadedecisionsmoreeasily.

Arelatedstudyfurtherprovedthatrandomiserssimplifythechoiceprocess.Whenusingdice,peoplewerelesslikelytolookforadditionalbutunnecessaryinformationaboutthedifferentoptions.Thishelpedtospeeduptheirchoices.

Takentogether,recentresearchshowssurprisingbenefitsofflippingcoinsandrollingdiceaslongaspeopledon’tlettheresultscontroltheirchoices.Usingthembutkeepingthefreedomtobedifferentfromtheresultscanspeedupthedecisionprocessandhelpsolvedecisionproblems.

1.ThefirstexampleofSheldonshowsthatrandomdecisionmaking.

A.isalwayseffective

B.helpsmakeagoodorder

C.mayworkbetterwithfeweroptions

D.canoffermoresolutionstoimportantproblems

2.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.peopleshouldnotrolldiceorflipcoinsinimportantsituations

B.peoplewillmakebetterchoiceswhenexperiencinghappiness

C.dicecanspeedupdecisionprocesswithunnecessaryinformation

D.reactiontotheresultoftherandomisermayshowone’struepreference

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FollowYourHeartorYourHead?