八年级英语定语从句讲解.docx
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八年级英语定语从句讲解
TheAttributiveClause
定语从句讲解
baboon321321
定语从句复习
TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause
限制性定语从句
定语从句
TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause
非限制性定语从句
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限制性定语从句的构成
Theoldladywholivesnexttoussellsbooks.
YoushoulddoallthatIsaid.
IhavefoundtheteatherwhomIamlookingfor.
Ivisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.
先行词之后,用陈述式语序
1.从句位置及语序:
“….的”
2.翻译方法:
关系代词
关系副词
关系词
3.构成
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先行词和关系词的关系
1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.
3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtup
byhisgrandfather.
4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.
themachine=that
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
theboy=who
theboy’s=whose
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
intheschool=where
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
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先行词和关系词的关系
Jointhefollowingsentences:
Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
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关系代词的实质
Jointhefollowingsentences:
Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
Aplaneiscanfly.
themachine
amachine
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关系代词的实质
Jointhefollowingsentences:
Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
Aplaneiscanfly.
amachine
that/which
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关系代词的实质
Jointhefollowingsentences:
TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.
Who/that
wesawyesterdayisGreen
her
Thelady
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关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
指人
指物
主语
宾语
that
which
who
whom
√
√
√
√
×
√
√
√
×
√
√
√
×
√
√
×
做宾语时可以省略
何时可以省略？
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关系代词的用法练习
1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.
2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.
3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.
4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.
5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.
Theeggs（that/which）Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.
Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.
Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.
Thenoodles（which/that）youcookedthemweredelicious.
Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.
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关系副词和先行词的关系
IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.
Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.
Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeak.
ontheday=when
inthehouse=where
forthereasons=why
intheway=that
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
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几种易混的情况
when/inwhich
1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.
2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.
3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.
4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.
5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.
6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.
which
及物动词
where/inwhich
which
及物动词
why/forwhich
that/which
及物动词
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难用的whose
Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.
Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.
TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishis
thebestinourclass.
whose=thestudent’s
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
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难用的whose
Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.
Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.
Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.
whose=thehouse’swindow
thewindowofwhichisbroken
Thehouseismine.
ofwhichthewindowisbroken
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非限制性定语从句
Pleasecompare:
Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.
MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.
ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.
Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.
形式
作用
能否省略
翻译
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
修饰限定
不能
….的
插入成分
补充解释
能
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分析两种定语从句省略后的结果
Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.
MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.
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分析两种定语从句省略后的结果
ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.
Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.
限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，
所以不能省略
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非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
which
1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.
2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.
3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.
This
which
×that
4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.
5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.
them
whom
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as引导的非限制性定语从句
It
Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.
Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall.
_____isknowntoall,theearthisround
______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.
which
/as
As
定语从句在句首时只能用as,
It
as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/
asweexpected
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as引导的非限制性定语从句
（1）
Pleasecompare:
ThisisthesamepenasIlost.
ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
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as引导的限制性定语从句
（2）
Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:
as
Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.
Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.
Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.
Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.
as
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。
（定语从句）
that
that
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。
（结果状语从句）
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介词+关系代词的情况1
Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.
Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.
to
in
幻灯片23
介词+关系代词的情况2
Arethesetwosentencesright?
Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.
Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.
to
in
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介词+关系代词的情况3
Arethesetwosentencesright?
×
Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.
Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.
to
×
in
可见,who、that不能用与介词之后
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介词+关系代词的情况4
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?
TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.
在固定短语中介词不能提前
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介词+关系代词的情况练习
onwhich
●1. Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?
●2. Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?
●3. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?
●4. Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?
●5. Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.
forwhich
fromwhich
aboutwhich
throughwhich
幻灯片27
underwhich
●6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.
●7. Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______
●istheYellowRiver.
●8.Thetower_______peoplecanhaveagoodview
●isonthehill.
●9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnight
●isverygoodatwrestling.
●10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,
●most______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
ofwhich
fromwhich
towhom
ofwhich
幻灯片28
只能用that做关系代词的情况
1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:
All,few,little,much,every,something,
anything,everything,等
2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,
little,few,no,any等修饰时
3.当人和物合做先行词时
4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中
幻灯片29
只能用which做关系代词的情况
在非限制性定语从句中
在介词后面
幻灯片30
Exercise
that,whichorwho?
1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.
2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.
3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______
werememberedatschool.
4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.
5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.
6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworked
with.
7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.
8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
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that,which,whose,whomorwho?
that
9.Isthereanythingelse_______youwanttosay?
10.Anyperson_______hasthemoneycanjoin
thegroup.
11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,
_______madeothersupset.
12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.
13.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.
14.Theboy_______motherisdeadwasbroughtup
byhisfather.
that
which
which
whom
whose
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Haveatry
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.
（）
2.Thegirl（whom）ImetisLucy.（）
3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.
（）
4.Ilikethebook（which）youboughtyesterday.
（）
●主语
●宾语
●定语
●宾语
幻灯片33
Haveatry
●定语
●介宾
●宾语
●状语
5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.（）
6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.
（）
7.Weshallneverforgetthedays（that）wespenttogether.（）
8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.
（）
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考点一：
that和which
以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。
1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。
e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.
2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。
e.g.Thisisthebestbook（that）I’veeverread.
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考点一：
that和which
3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。
e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.
4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.
5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
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考点二：
连接词which的用法
B
B
Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______
broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,
___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
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考点三：
介词+关系代词
****“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。
e.g.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____________shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
D
D
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关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?
2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.
3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.
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关系代词前介词的确定
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.
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关系代词前的介词的确定
5.Who
升级会员 