外文翻译液晶显示器玻璃基板或液晶显示模块.docx

外文翻译液晶显示器玻璃基板或液晶显示模块.docx

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外文翻译液晶显示器玻璃基板或液晶显示模块

外文翻译一液晶显示器玻璃基板或液晶显示模块

英文原文

TypesofLCDProducts-GlassorModules

Themostfundamentaldecisiontomakeiswhetherthedisplaywillhavethedrivecircuitryattached（module）,ornot（glassonly）.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestoeachapproach.

WhenpurchasingaCustomLCDModule,thebasicelectronicdesignworkwillbedonebvthemanufactiirenThisobviouslysavesdesigntimeandreducesthemanpowerneededtobringaproducttomarket.Youcanbenefitfromtheexperiencewehavegainedduringourpreviousdesignstoshortenthedesigncycleanddeliveranoptimizedproduct.Themajordecisionsyouneedtomakearetheinterfacetype,withstandardserialorparallelinterfacesbeingthemostcommon,andthetypeofintegratedbacklightingdesired.Thetemperaturerange,viewingangle,viewingmode,andcontrastwillneedtobeconsidered,butthosedecisionsarecommontobothapproaches.

Aglassonlydesignputsthedesignburdenontheenduser.YouwillneedtolearnagreatdealaboutLCD'sinordertocompleteyourdesign.Luckily,ourwebsiteprovidesApplicationInformationandWebLinkstoassistyouinthesearchfortheinformationyoumayneed.

ThemainreasonstobuyjusttheLCDglassaretoreducecosts,andprovidedesignflexibility.Thetotalcostofthecomponentsnecessarytobuildthedrivecircuitryistypicallylessthanthecostofapre-builtmodule,andaslongasyouhavespaceonyourexistingPCboard,youwon'thavetopayforanextraPCboardonwhichtomountthedisplay,andhaveaccesstocosteffectiveassemblyandtest.Bydoingalittlehomework,yourdesignwillworkJustaswellasamodule,andwillallowtheflexibilitymostdesignersneedtoadapttheirdesigntoeverchangingdemands.

TypesofLCDImages

TheLCDcancontaincharactericons,segments,graphicdotarrays,oranycombination.

Icons:

BymakingacustomLCD,youcanplaceimagesontheglassthatspecificallycomplementyourproduce,thesearecalledf,Icons11.ThesesilhouettescantaketheshapeofanyimageyoumayneedandcountasonepixelordotontheLCD.

Segments:

SegmentsonanLCDdisplaymakeupalargercharacter,suchasasegmentinasevensegmentnumericcharacter（displays0-9）,orasegmentina14segmentalpha-numericcharacter（displays0-9&A-Z）.

DotArrays:

Thesedotarrayscanbemadeinalmostanysizeanddotcount.Exampleswouldbecharacterdisplaysthatuseaseriesof5x7dotarraystocreateastringofalphanumericcharacters,orthelarger320x240graphicarraysthatmakeimagesalongwithvariablesizealpha-numericcharacters.

TypesofLiquidandTechnology

Thetypeoftechnologyusedisdeterminedbythespecificperformancerequirementsyousetforthedisplaythatyouaredesigning.SinceseveralvariationswilldoafineJob,theultimateconsiderationiscost.Sohereisaquickbreakdownofthetechnologiesweoffer.

TN:

LowproductionandNREcosts,poorviewingangle,averagecontrast.Coloration:

BlackonGray.Staticpreferred,butoperateswelluptoa32:

1Multiplexrate.LCDGlassfavorite.

STN:

MediumproductionandNREcosts,averageviewingangle,averagecontrast.ColorationBlackonGreen,orDarkBlueonGray.WorkswellathighMultiplexrates.LCDModulefavorite^highendLCDglasschoice.

FSTN:

MediumhighproductionandNREcosts.Goodviewingangle,excellentcontrast.ColorationBlackonWhite.WorkswellathighMultiplexrates.HigherendLCDModulefavorite.

NegativeImage:

Thisisaneffectthatreversestheimageonthedisplayandisonlyofferedwithtransmissivedisplays.ThevisualeffectistoallowthebacklighttodefinethepixelsturnedtfonM（transparent）,whilethe''off''pixelsremainopaque.Thisconfigurationworksbestinmoderatetolowlightconditions.

ViewingModeandPolarizers

Theviewingmodeiscontrolledbytherearpolarizer,andhowmuchitdoesordoesnotreflectlight.Weofferthreemodes.

Reflective:

Thistypeofpolarizergivesthedisplaythebrightestappearanceinhightomoderateambientlightconditions,withthehighestcontrastratiopossible.Unfortunately,itwillbedifficulttoreadatnightorunderchanginglightningconditions（thinkGameBoy）.

Transflective:

（Favoritesolution）Ifyourdisplaymustbereadableunderawiderangeoflightingconditions,youwillgenerallywantatransflectivedisplaysothatitwilllookverygoodinthebrightsunlight,butwillalsobeback-lightableattwilightandatnight.Thetradeoffwithatransflectivedisplayisthatitwillnotlookasgoodasareflectivedisplayduringtheday,anditwillnotlookasgoodasatransmissivedisplayatnight.Itwillhoweverenableyoutohaveanacceptablecompromisebetweenthetwo,andprovidesaveryacceptableappearance.

Transmissive:

Thisdisplayneedstohaveaworkingbacklight,unlessitgetsitslightfrombeinga,fwindow*1typeofdevicewheretheareabehindtheLCDhasalightsourceroomambientlight.Whereitisinacontaineddisplay,thebacklightmayhaveaproblemoverpoweringhighambientlight.Thistypeofdisplaylooksgreatforanindoorapplication,butisnotverygoodinapplicationswherepowerconsumptionisaproblemanditneedsastrongbacklight.Remember,thischoiceofpolarizerwillnotoperateunlessthereisanactivebacklight.

Thepolarizersarealsoaffectedbytemperature,andaqualitygrademustbespecifiedwhenchoosingapolarizer.Afteryouhavedeterminedyourenvironmentaltemperaturerequirements,youthenneedtochoosethepolarizergrade.Hereareyourtypicalchoices.

CommercialGradePolarizers:

Displayswhichwillbeindoors,ormostlyindoors,canusecommercialgradepolarizers.Thesepolarizerswillholdupverywellwhenusedinmostinstrumentation,officeandhomeproducts,andotherapplicationswheretheproductswillbeprotectedfromhightemperature,sunlight,andhumidity.

IndustrialGradePolarizers:

Forharshenvironments,apolarizerspecificallydesignedforoutdoor,extremelyhumidconditionsshouldbeused.Wecallthesepolarizersindustrialgrade.

ViewingDirection

TheviewingdirectionofaLCDpartisdefinedastheanglesabove,below,left,andrightofthepoint-of-viewthatisperpendiculartothecenterofthedisplay.

6:

00viewingdirectionhasoptimumcontrastfrombelowtheperpendicularviewingplane（mostpopular）.

12:

00viewingdirectionhasoptimumcontrastfromabovetheperpendicularviewingplane.

9:

00viewingdirectionhasoptimumcontrasttotheleftsideoftheperpendicularviewingplane（uncommon）.

3:

00viewingdirectionhasoptimumcontrasttorightsideoftheperpendicularviewingplane（uncommon）.

Pleasekeepinmindthatviewingdirectionislessimportantforadirectdrivedisplay.Asageneralrule,thehigherthemultiplexrate,themoreimportanttheviewingdirectionbecomes.Also,ifyourdisplayisgoingtobeviewedbyapersonwearingpolarizedsunglasses,youmustspecifythisinthecommentsectiontoensurethatthedisplaywillnotlookblanktoanobserverwearingpolarizedsunglasses.Howeverkeepinmindthatforquotingpurposes,thepriceofthedisplaywillnotchangemuch（usuallyonlyafewcents）ifyouchangeyourmindforthefinalviewingdirectionofthedisplay.

EnvironmentalConsiderations・TemperatureRange

TheoperatingandstoragetemperaturerangeofanLCDareimportantconsiderations,sinceoperatingoutsideofthoserangeswillresultinadisplaythatisnotreadable（outsideoperationalrange）orpermanentlydamagetheLCD（outsidestoragerange）.ThecombinationoftheLCDfluid,polarizers,operationalvoltage,andmultiplexratedeterminethetemperaturerangeofthepart.Soinsteadofgoingthroughthedifferentcombinationsoftheseparameters,herearesomegeneralguidelinesyoucanusewhenspecifyingthetemperaturerangeofyourLCD,andmanufacturercanthenassistyouintheprocessofselectingthecorrectfluid,polarizers,andvoltageforyourapplication.Thesevaluesaretypicaloperatingtemperatureranges.

LCDTNGlass/StaticorLowMultiplexRates:

StandardTempRange:

-10;aCto+60j9C,WideTempRange:

-40;aCto+80j9C,SpecializedTemprange:

clownto-55;aC,orupto+110jaC

LCDTNModules/Multiplexed:

StandardTempRange:

-0;aCto+50;aC,WideTempRange:

-20;aCto+70;aC,SpecializedTemprange:

-40;aCto+90;aC

LCDSTN&FSTNModules/Multiplexed:

StandardTempRange:

0;aCto

+50;aC,WideTempRange:

-20jaCto+70;aC,SpecializedTemprange:

-40;aCto+80;aC

AnothernotetorememberistheLCDGlassandPolarizersarenottheonlylimitingfactorsinthetemperaturerangeoftheLCDs.YoualsoneedtotakeintoconsiderationthetemperaturelimitationsofthebacklightandcontrollerICsthatmaybepresentalongwiththeLCD.

LCDModuleBacklighting

WhendevelopinganLCDModule,abacklightcanbeaddedtolighttheLCDandthereareseveraloptionsavailabletobacklightaLCDmodule.TheconsiderationsInbacklightingadisplayarethelightingintensity,lifeofthebacklight,andthepoweritconsumes.Hereisaquickcomparisonofthebacklightsavailable.

LED:

Offeredinbothedgeandarraylit,thistechnologyispreferredduetoitsvarietyofcolors,intensity,longlife（>100KHrs）,widetemperaturerange,andlowvoltagerequirements.Thedownsidesarethepowerconsumptionofsomeconfigurations（largesizes）,andtheuniformityofthelightingforthosesameconfigurations.

ELPanel:

Thisbacklightisverylowpower,butitrequiresahighvoltage（120VAC@400HzTypically）andithasarelativelyshortlife（halfintensitylife\<4KHrs）,andmediumtemperaturerange.

ColdCathodeFlorescentLamp:

Thisbacklighthasalotofintensityforthepowerconsumed,andhasitsapplicationsforthelargerLCDdisplays.Thedownsidesareashortlif