高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三+阅读理解+第三步+题型突破十一.docx

高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三+阅读理解+第三步+题型突破十一.docx

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高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三+阅读理解+第三步+题型突破十一

题型突破（十一）　文章结构之篇章结构题

A

（2017·盐城三模）

OneofthemostpopularEnglish-languagenovelsofthe20thcenturyisalmostunknownintheEnglish-speakingworld—aglobalphenomenonintranslation，nowneglectedinitsoriginalform.TheGadfly，byIrishwriterEthelVoynich，wassoldover5millioncopiesin107editionsinthe22languagesspokenintheSovietUnion.Thebookinspiredsevenmusicaladaptations，fivetheatreadaptations，andfivefilmadaptations.

Voynich’snovelisathrillingaccountofrevolutionaryenthusiasm，religiousdevotion，clericalbetrayalandromanticlove—thephilosopherBertrandRussellcalledit“oneofthemostexcitingnovelsIhaveread”．ItwaspublishedinNewYorkin1897，twoyearsafteritscompletion，asitsEnglishpublisherfearedanegativereaction—onereviewercriticizedthebook’s“shockingandhorriblecharacter”．AtranslationappearedthefollowingyearinRussia，wherethetsarist（沙皇）authorities’disapprovalonlyenhanceditspopularity.

TheGadflyissetinItalyduringtherevolutionaryunrestofthe1830sand40s.TheheroisayoungEnglishman，ArthurBurton，whomovestoaCatholicseminary（神学院）afterthedeathofhismother.TherehebecomesdevotedtohisguardianandmentorMontanelli，who，unknowntohim，isalsohisbiologicalfather.InthecompanyofhischildhoodsweetheartGemma，ArthurbecomesinvolvedintheYoungItalymovementfightingAustrianimperialrule.Butheunconsciouslybetrayshiscomrades，afterhisprivateconfession（忏悔）isrelayedtothepolice.Hethendiscovershisfamilysecret，andlosesallfaithinthechurch.

ArthurpretendshissuicideandescapestoSouthAmerica，whereheenduresyearsofsuffering.HereturnstoItalyintheguiseof“TheGadfly”，afearlessandrespectedrevolutionarywhosetrueidentityismasked.Afterhiscapture，heisvisitedbyMontanelli，nowacardinal（红衣主教），whooffershimalifeline.ButArthur，unforgivinganduncompromising，demandsthathisfatherrejectthechurch.Montanellirefusesandcondemnshissontodeath.Arthur，nowaChrist-likefigure，commandshisowndeathpenalty.AttheCorpusChristimass，Montanellidiesofabrokenheart.

①.ThenovelgainedpopularityinitiallyinIreland.Yetitwasinthenewly-createdCommuniststatesoftheSovietUnionandChinathatthebookfounditsmostdedicatedreadership.Arthur，aRomantictragichero，wasrepeatedlyvotedRussia’smostpopularliteraryfigure，andastronautsYuriGagarinandValentinaTereshkova，thefirstmanandwomaninspace，crediteditsinfluence.

②.Inthe1930s，TheGadflyinspiredanotherbestseller.NikolaiOstrovsky’sHowtheSteelWasTemperedsold35millioncopiesintheSovietUnion.Ostrovsky’ssocialistrealistnovelfeaturesafearlessyoungcommunistwhosuffersdreadfullyforhissacrifices，butfindspermanentstrengthintheexampleofTheGadfly，whichhereadstohisfellowcomrades.Voynich’snovelwasreinforcedfurtherbya1955filmadaptationdirectedbyAleksandrFaintsimmer.Itsold39milliontickets.

③.EthelVoynichhadbeenlivingunknowntothepublic.AndduetoSovietcopyrightlaws，shewasunawareofherlegendarystatusinRussia.In1956，DemocraticpresidentialcandidateAdlaiStevensonvisitedMoscowtoarrangeforpaymentofherlong-overdueroyalties（版权费）．WhenEtheldiedin1960，shewasmournedinRussiaasanationalhero.

④.Arthuroffersa“carefulbalanceofemotionwithsteelydetermination”—heisaloverandafighter，whichcanbeseeninthe“Knight-errant”（侠客）oftraditionalChinesefolklore.

IntheUK，TheGadflyremainsoutofprintandalmostunknown，yetaroundtheworldreadersandwritersstillrevereitsauthor，justasDHLawrence，RebeccaWestandFriedrichEngelsoncedid.Withitsrichreligiousimageryandstirringrevolutionarythemes，TheGadflyhasalastingappealforloversofhistoricalfiction，anddeservestoberediscoveredinitsoriginallanguage.

语篇解读　本文主要介绍了文学巨著《牛虻》的故事情节及其巨大的影响力。

1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?

A．Thebackgroundofthenovel.

B．ItspopularityintheSovietUnion.

C．Anabnormalphenomenonintranslation.

D．Theartisticachievementofthenovel.

答案　B

解析　段落大意题。

根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要介绍的是这部小说在苏联广受欢迎。

故选B项。

2．WhydoesArthurescapetoSouthAmerica?

A．HefailstofightAustrianimperialrule.

B．Hecan’ttoleratehisfamily.

C．Hedoesn’tsucceedincommittingsuicide.

D．Heistobepunishedbythepolice.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Butheunconsciouslybetrayshiscomrades，afterhisprivateconfession（忏悔）isrelayedtothepolice.”可知，亚瑟在不经意间背叛了他的同伴，之后他的私人忏悔被传到了警方耳中。

由此可知，他之所以逃往南美洲是因为他将要被警方惩罚。

故选D项。

3．Theunderlinedword“revere”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“”．

A．saluteB．please

C．imitateD．condemn

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

根据文章最后一段可知，这部小说虽然在英国几乎无人知晓，但世界范围内的其他读者和作家却十分敬重小说的作者。

本题做题的关键是要抓住表示转折的词yet。

故选A项。

4．WhatcanweknowaboutthenovelTheGadflyfromthepassage?

A．Ithasbeentranslatedinto22languagesaroundtheworld.

B．ItisunfamiliartotheBritishduetoitshorriblecharacters.

C．ItreceivesanegativereactionintheEnglish-speakingworld.

D．Itwascompletedin1899andisoneofthemostpopularnovels.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句可知，作为20世纪最受欢迎的英文小说之一，《牛虻》在讲英语的国家落得几乎无人问津的田地；再由第二段中的“ItwaspublishedinNewYorkin1897...asitsEnglishpublisherfearedanegativereaction”可知，这部小说完成两年后才在纽约出版，因为出版商害怕出现负面的反应。

由此可知，在说英语的世界里，这部小说得到的是负面的反应。

故选C项。

5．WhatmakesthenovelTheGadflyhavethemostdedicatedreadersintheSovietUnion?

A．NikolaiOstrovsky’snovel.

B．Thefearlessandrespectedhero.

C．Musicalandtheatreadaptations.

D．Sovietcopyrightlaws.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段的“HereturnstoItalyintheguiseof‘TheGadfly’，afearlessandrespectedrevolutionarywhosetrueidentityismasked.”和第五段的“Arthur，aRomantictragichero，wasrepeatedlyvotedRussia’smostpopularliteraryfigure”可知，这部小说在苏联受欢迎的原因是其主人公是一个勇敢无畏且受人尊敬的人。

故选B项。

6．Whereshouldthesentence“TheGadflyfounditslargestaudienceinChina”beputinthepassage?

A．①B．②C．③D．④

答案　D

解析　篇章结构题。

根据倒数第二段中的“...whichcanbeseeninthe‘Knight-errant’（侠客）oftraditionalChinesefolklore.”可知，此句应该填在第四空。

故选D项。

B

（2017·扬州中学期中）

Role-PlayinginChildDevelopment

Playingisakeycomponentinthelearningprocessforvirtuallyallofthechildren.Therearevariouswaysinwhichchildrenplay，butoneofthemostimportantisrole-playing.Thisinvolvesachildengaginginanactivityduringwhichheorshepretendstobeanotherperson.

Expertsonchilddevelopmentbelievethatrole-playingcanincreasetheconnectionsinchildren’sbrainsthathelpthemlearn.Languageskillsaresomeofthemostimportantaspectsoflearning.Whenchildrenrole-play，theymustworkoutstepsthatneedtobetakentocompleteatask，andcreateplanstoactoutastory.Theseactivitiesenablechildrentodeveloptheirorallanguageskills.Theybecomeabletoorganizeothersandtogivedirections.

Children’ssocialskillscanalsobedeveloped.Whenengagedingroupactivities，childrenhavedifferentroles.Someareleaderswhileothersarefollowers.Attimes，thechildrenwilldisagree，sotheymustlearntonegotiateandcompromisewithoneanother，andtheymustlearntoapologizewhentheyhavestrongargumentsordisagreementsaswell.Childrenfurtherlearnaboutcooperationandsharingand，hopefully，begintounderstandthingsfromanotherperson’spointofview.

Besideshelpingchildrenlearnsomekindsofskills，role-playingfosterschildren’simaginationsandcanthereforeassumeanumberofforms.Forexample，boysmaypretendtoshaveliketheirfathersorperformvarioustasksaroundtheirhomes.Girls，meanwhile，oftenpretendtobemotherstodosomedailytasks，particularlyifitinvolvescaringforyoungbabies.Sometimeschildrenmayimaginebelongingtoagroupofsuperheroesorimitate（模仿）real-lifesituations.Theymightdressupandassumedifferentroles.Anotherexampleistheperformingofstoriestheyreadinbooks，whichisalsoverycommonwhentheyrole-play.

Anotherbeneficialaspectofrole-playingisthatitcanhelpchildrendealwithcertainactionsthatmaycausethememotional（情感的）pain，suchasthefeartheyfacewhengoingtoschoolforthefirsttimeormakingavisittothedoctor.Ifchildrenrole-playsituationslikethesebeforehand，thefearthattheyexperiencewhendoingtheseactionsinrealityfrequentlylessens.Forthisreason，expertsencourageparentstoallowtheirchildrentorole-playandeventotakepartintheseactivitiestohelptheirchildrenmastertheirfears.

Role-playingcanbenefitchildreninmanyways.Thereisnoactivityforwhichyoungchildrenarebetterpreparedthanfantasyplay.Nothingismoredependableandrisk-free，andthedangersareonlypretend.

语篇解读　本文介绍了角色扮演在孩子成长过程中的作用。

角色扮演可以帮助孩子的语言发育，发展孩子的社交技能，帮助他们战胜恐惧心理等。

7．Fromtheauthor’sdescriptioninParagraph4，welearnthatchildrenoften.

A．involvedaily-lifeactivitiesingroups

B．performdailytasksinsteadoftheirparents

C．actouttheactivitiesthattheirparentsdo

D．changereal-lifesituationswhenrole-playing

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Forexample，boysmaypretendtoshaveliketheirfathersorperformvarioustasksaroundtheirhomes.Girls，meanwhile，oftenpretendtobemotherstodosomedailytasks，particularlyifitinvolvescaringforyoungbabies.”可知，孩子们经常表演父母们平常做的事情。

故选C。

8．Theauthorbelievesthatrole-playingmayhelpchildren.

A．developabetterawarenessofgrammar

B．understandhowtobebothleadersandfollowers

C．improvecreativitybyusingtheirimaginations

D．receivebenefitsfromtheiremotionalpain

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Whenengagedingroupactivities，childrenhavedifferentroles.Someareleaderswhileothersarefollowers.”可知，作者相信角色扮演可以使孩子明白怎样做领导者和追随者。

故选B。

9．Theunderlinedword“master”inParagraph5probablymeans“”．

A．ignoreB．confirm

C．predictD．overcome

答案　D

解析　词义猜测题。

根据本段的第一句话“Anotherbeneficialaspectofrole-pla