完整word版德伯家的苔丝英文分析.docx

完整word版德伯家的苔丝英文分析.docx

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完整word版德伯家的苔丝英文分析

内容摘要

在英国，许多的作家以幻灭为主题,将其融入到自己的作品当中。

在这些作家中最有代表性的是托马斯·哈代。

在19世纪的英国,托马斯·哈代是著名的批判现实主义作家,《德伯家的苔丝》是他作品中最有影响力的一部。

在这部作品中他的对比是：

人和社会环境、人和大自然、人的外貌和他的内心世界。

《德伯家的苔丝》主要讲述了一个美丽善良的少女苔丝失身后所遭遇的悲惨故事.他认为平民的生活是悲惨的，平民人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公苔丝的命运就是平民命运的一个小缩影.并且在18世纪到19世纪之交，维多利亚时期是一个以男性为中心的时代，男女不平等已经成为维多利亚时期根深蒂固的社会习俗，因此，当时妇女倍受压迫和歧视。

苔丝作为一个普通人,与当时社会的抗争是无助的,她的结局会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，成为这个社会的牺牲品。

苔丝的悲剧是又多方因素造成的，我的论文仅通过社会环境的描写、法律制度，伦理道德和宗教，分析出造成苔丝悲惨命运的社会因素。

苔丝的悲剧是那个社会所造成的。

关键词：

苔丝社会环境法律系统伦理道德宗教因素

ABSTRACT

ManynovelistsfromEnglandexpresseddisillusionmentintheirnovels.ThemosttypicalonewasThomasHardywhowasafamouscriticalrealisticwriterattherunofthe19thcenturyinEngland。

Inthenovel,Hiscontrastsarehumanandsocialenvironment，humanandnature，surfaceandheart。

TessoftheD'Urbervillesisthemostinfluentialoneofallhisworks。

ThisnovelisatragicstoryaboutonebeautifulandkindTessaftershehadbeenlostchastity.Inhismind，thelifeofdemosistragic,andthedestinyofTessisaminiaturedisplaythelifeofdemosisatragedy.Andattheturnofthecenturybetween18thand19th，womenwereoppressedanddiscriminated,duetothedeeplyinequalitysocialculturebetweenmanandwomaninVictorianAge，allofwhichexistedintheTess’slivingtime.Asacommonperson,Tessfoughtwiththesocietyishelpless.Intheend,sheturnedouttobethesacrificialvictimofsocietylikeallotherthings，whichdisobeythemoralityandethic.ThetragedyhappenedonTessiscausedbymanyreasons.MypaperisabouttoanalyzethetragedyofTessthoughthesocialenvironment,lawsystem，moralityandreligionfactoratthattime。

Tess‘stragiclifeiscausedbythatsocietyanditistheresultofthattime。

KEYWORDS：

Tesssocietyenvironmentlawsystemmoralityethicreligionfactor

CONTENTS

I。

Introductionofauthorandnovel………………………………………。

1

1。

1IntroductionofThomasHardy……………………………………1

1。

2IntroductionofTessoftheD’Urbervilles….。

.…………...………2

II。

Background………………………………。

..………………。

…………4

2。

1Backgroundofthenovel…………………………………………

2.2BackgroundofPolitical,EconomicalandCultural………………4

2.3BackgroundoftheFeaturesofVictoriannovels..。

……...………5

III。

AnalyzethetragedyofTessfromsocialfactors…………………。

。

…5

3.1Lifeenvironmentforthepeasants…….………。

……….………...7

3.2Unfairlawsystemforthepeasants………。

………。

……….……...9

3。

3ThevictimofmoralityforFemale

3.4Contactingwithreligion

IV.Conclusion………………………………………………………...14

References…。

.…………………………………………………15

I。

Theintroductionofauthorandnovel

1.1IntroductionofThomasHardy

ThomasHardywasbornonJune2，1840,avillageofsouthwesternEnglandthatwasthefocusofhisnovels。

Hegotaloveofmusicfromhisfatherandliteraturefromhismother.In1862，hewenttoLondontoworkforafamousarchitect。

Duringthetimewhenhewasfree，hewidelystudied:

language,literature,history，philosophyandart。

Atthattime，heevengainedtwoprizesforessaysonarchitecture,butitwasnothisdesiredprofession.Hestartedtowritepoetryandpaidmoreattentiontopoetrythannovelwhenhewas25—year—old.Buthehadnochancetopublishhispoetry。

Hechangedthemattertocreatenovel.In1871,hisfirstlongnovelwaspublished。

Threeyearsago,thecelebratedworkwashisfourthnovelfarfromtheMaddingCrowd。

Hestoppedconstructionindustryanddevotedtothenovelcreation。

Therewereearly20longnovelsinHardy'slife。

ThemostfamousnovelisTessoftheD'Urbervilles.HoweverhisviewhasledconsiderablyconflictwiththemoralofVictorianera。

Someplotsweredeletedintheserialandthetitleofthenovelisatruelifeofthepurewomanthatcausedstrongdissatisfactionamongsomepeople.TheybelievethatisanaffrontonpublicmoralbecauseTessgetsthesympatheticandunderstandingfromtheauthorinthenovel.Hardy’sworksreflectedthechangedofsocialeconomy,political，moralandtradition，whichistheadvancedthoughtsinVictorianera。

Especially,hisnovelsexposedwomen'stragiclifeandmorals，legalandreligious.Andhisstoryisthepeoplepursueaideallifebydescribingthestruggle,pursuitanddisillusionmentinhisnovel.Therefore，thestoryisfullofthedeepsociety—significanceandphilosophy.HisworksnotonlywerethegreattraditionofEnglandrealism，butalsowerethewayfor20thcenturyBritishliterature.

1。

2TessoftheD’Urbervilles

Tessisa16—year-oldwhoisabeautifulandkindgirlcomesfromapoorfamilyinavillage，thewholefamilymaketheirlivingbytransportingwithanoldhorse。

Howevertheoldhorsewasdeadinasuddenaccident。

ThepovertyofthefamilyforceshertoclaimhelpfromtherichD’Urbervilles.

WhilevisitingtheD'UrbervillesattheSlopes,TessmeetsAlecD’Urbervilles。

AlecisayoungmasteroftheD’Urbervillesandaplayboy.AlecarrangesforTesstotakecareofhisblindmother’spoultry，andTessmovestotheSlopes。

AlecseducesandrapesTess。

Tessreturnshome,givesbirthtoason.Hisnameissorrow.Tessworksasafieldworkeronnearbyfarms。

Sorrowbecomesillanddieswhenheisababy。

People’sopinionforcesTessmakesanotherjourneyawayfromhometobecomeamilkmaidonadairyfarm。

ThereshemeetsAngelClare.Shefallsinlovewitheachother。

Ontheirweddingnight,Tessdisplaysherownpast，TessforgivesAngelforhispast，butAngelcannotforgiveTessforhavingachildwithanotherman.Finally,heleavesher。

Tessgoestoherparents'home。

TesseventuallyleaveshometoworkinanothertownatFlintcomb—Ashfarm，wheretheworkingconditionsareveryharsh.TessmeetssomeofherfriendsfromTalbothays，andtheyareatFlintcombtothehardwork。

TesswantstovisitAngel'sfamily,butshegivesupatthelastminute。

OnthewayFlintcomb，TessmeetsAlecagain.WhenAlecmeetsTess，heleaveshispositiontopursueher。

AlecfollowsTesstoFlintcomb，askinghertomarryhim.Tessrefusesinthestrongestterms.Howeverherfather'sdeathleadstothewholeburdenofthefamilyonher,sheisforcedtogobacktoAlec.Inthemeantime,AngelreturnsfromBraziltolookforTessandbeginhisownfarminEngland。

WhenAngelgoestoTess’sfamily,theytellhimthatTesshasgonetoafashionableseasideinthesouthofEngland.InthemeetingwithAngel,Tessaskshimtoleaveher.Angeldoesleave。

AfterhermeetingwithAngel，shedecidestoaccuseAlec。

Inafitofanger,TesskillsAlecwithaknife。

Alecisdead.TesstellsAngelthatAlecisdead.AngelhastroublebelievingTess'storybutwelcomesherback.Theirplanistoleavethecountryassoonaspossible.Theyspendaweekinahouse。

Theyarediscovered,andthepolicetakeheraway。

Beforesheisexecutedforhercrime，TesshasAngelpromisetomarryhersisterLizaLu。

Angelagreeswithher.Thetwo，AngelandLizaLu,leavetogether,andthetragictaleofTessends.

II.Background

2。

1Backgroundofthenovel

ThisstoryhappenedinthelateofBritain’sVictorianera，inthistime,Capitalistclasscontrolledallright，andthelawwereservicedforthem。

Farmerswereatthebottleofthesociety。

Theyhadneverequalrightasthecapitalistclass.TessasawomanintheVictorianera，shecannotavoidedthe“Hegemony”fatherrightawarenessto“woman”natureunderstanding.Andinthemansociety,traditioncustomsmadewomenlosttheirindependentstatus..Inthemaleawareness, BytheCapitalistbreakintothesociety，thosefarmerswhohadasmallamountoflandandthemeansofproductionhadfollowedtheinsolvency。

Femalebeautynotonlyregardedasthe"Troubles"butalsobecomeanexcuseformentoshirktheircrime；Themalerequestsfemininetobeloyalandthebodilypureandchaste，actuallydisregardsownindulging。

Butinundermalepowersuppression，femininethoughtpatternalsowascontrolledsolidlybythiskindofstrongtrendwasevenmelting。

2.2BackgroundofPolitical，EconomicalandCultural

TheearlyyearsoftheVictorianEnglandwasatimeofrapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems。

Aftertherevolutionof1832passedthepoliticalpowerfromthecapitalistclassintothehandsofthemiddle—classindustrialcapitalists,theIndustrialRevolutionwasready.Towardsthemid—century，Englandhadreacheditstopofdevelopmentasaworldpower。

Underthegreatprosperityandrichness，thereexistedwidespreadpovertyandsadnessamongtheworkingclass。

Duringthenexttwentyyears,Englandsettleddowntoatimeofprosperityandrelativestability。

Themiddle—classlifeofthetimewascharacterizedbyprosperity，respectabilityandmaterialprogress。

ButthelastthreedecadesofthecenturywasthedeclineoftheBritishandtheVictorianvalues。

Actually,theVictoriansexperiencedimportantchanges。

TherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywasthesubjectoftheVictorianera.Andnewinventionsanddiscoverieshadcreatedinmanyfields。

Atthattime，capitalistclasscontrolledallright，andthelawsystemwereservicedforthem.Farmerswereatbottleofthesociety;theyhadunequalrightasthecapitalistclass。

2。

3BackgroundofFeaturesofVictoriannovels

Inthisera，thenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostimportantandchallengingexpressionofadvertencethoughts。

Novelistskepttheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18th—centuryrealistnovel，andcarriedtheirrightforwardtothecriticismofthesociety.Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwritingskill,theysharedonethingincommon，thatis，theywereallconcernedaboutthelifeofthecommonpeople.Theydisagreedwiththesocietywithouthumanity；thesocialwasfullofthepovertyandinjustice。

Theydescribedtruthfulconditionofpeople'slifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonem