全国各地高考英语 试题分类汇编 说明文类.docx

全国各地高考英语 试题分类汇编 说明文类.docx

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全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编说明文类

【三年经典】2011-2013年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：

说明文类

1.（2011·全国II）完形填空

Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthe__21____homefromworkintheevenings.Amanwillbe__22____thenewspaper,andsecondslaterit__23___asifheistryingto___24__it.Orhewillfallasleepontheshoulderofthestranger___25__nexttohim.___26___placewhereunplannedshortsleep__27__isinthelecturehallwhereastudentwillstartsnoring（打鼾）so___28____thattheprofessorhastoaskanotherstudentto___29___thesleeperawake.Amoreembarrassing（尴尬）situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___oftheheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.

Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere.Theworsttimetofallasleepiswhen__34___.Policereportsarefullof___35___thatoccurwhenpeoplefallintosleepandgo__36_____theroad.Ifthedriversare___37____,theyarenotseriouslyhurt.Onewoman'scar,___38____,wentintotheriver.Shewokeupinfourfeetof__39____andthoughtitwasraining.When

peoplearereally___40_____，nothingwillstopthemfromfallingasleep-----nomatterwheretheyare.

21.A.wayB.trackC.pathD.road

22.A.buyingB.foldingC.deliveringD.reading

23.A.actsB.showsC.appearsD.sounds

24.A.openB.eatC.findD.finish

25.A.lyingB.waitingC.talkingD.sitting

26.A.NextB.EveryC.AnotherD.One

27.A.goesonB.endsupC.lastsD.returns

28.A.bravelyB.happilyC.loudlyD.carelessly

29.A.leaveB.shakeC.keepD.watch

30.A.sizeB.shapeC.weightD.strength

31．A.cushionB.deskC.shoulderD.book

32.A.actionB.positionC.restD.side

33.A.memoryB.reasonC.questionD.purpose

34.A.thinkingB.workingC.walkingD.driving

35.A.changesB.eventsC.ideasD.accidents

36.A.upB.offC.alongD.down

37.A.luckyB.awakeC.calmD.strong

38.A.intimeB.atfirstC.asusualD.forexample

39.A.dustB.waterC.grassD.bush

40.A.tiredB.drunkC.lonelyD.lazy

21----25ADCBD26---30CACBC31----35BCADD36---40BADBA

2.（2011·湖南卷）填空题完形

SectionC（12marks）

Directions：

Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext.

Doesgoingtocollegereallypayoff？

Certainly!

Iremembertaking__48__Englishclassincollegeontheshortstory.Ourfirstassignmentwastoread__49__shortstonesandthendiscusswhichonewasbetter.Afterreadingboth，Iwasn’tsure.Overthe__50__severalmonths,myprofessortaughtme__51__onestorywassomuchbetterthantheotherwanhumorous__52__wasrichinmetaphor（隐喻）andcharacterdevelopment,whiletheotherwashumorous__53__tooshallow.Icouldn’tseethisatfirst.Yet,inafewmonths,mybraingotreeducatedan__54__couldseethedifferencebetweengoodandbadwritingandcouldappreciateliteratureatawholenewlevel.

Goingtocollegehelpsbuildastrongmind,whichleads__55__greatersuccessinone’slife.

　　按照2009样题及2010年真题来推测，填空题完形应该是篇说明文，但今年的填空题完形文章的体裁有些出人意料，是一篇记叙文。

作者通过记录自己在大学的一个片段，得出大学对于学生的重要作用。

　　48.答案:

an，名词前缺少冠词修饰，留意English前的冠词应填an；

　　49.答案:

two，后文的better，both以及theother均有所提示；

　　50.答案:

next，按照记叙文时间发展先后顺序，填next，此题略有难度；

　　51.答案:

why，教授告诉我的是如何判断一个比另一个更好，所以应填why；

　　52.答案:

one，后文whiletheother给与提示；

　　53.答案:

but，while前后对比得出答案；

　　54.答案:

I，此句缺少主语，容易得出答案I；

　　55.答案:

to，固定搭配leadto。

　　整体来说，今年湖南高考英语完形部分虽有部分出人意料（填空完形为记叙文），但从出题点及题目难度来说，与往年真题及样题差别不大，建议考生在今后的练习中多阅读，多背单词，多培养语感。

quicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了Honey-Lover'sHelper独特的掠食方式，帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。

科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。

60.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees'nest?

A.It'ssmallinsize.

B.It'shiddenintrees.

C.It'scoveredwithwax.

D.It'shardtorecognize.

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章第一段“Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.”可知B正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

61.Whatdothewords"thefollower"inParagraph2referto?

A.Abee.B.Abird.

C.Ahoneyseeker.D.Abeekeeper.

【答案】C

【解析】根据文章中“InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.”可推知：

跟在honeyguide后面的是：

peopleandanimals，而他们统称为honeyseeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。

【考点定位】考查判断推理。

62.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway________.

A.itgetsitsfood

B.itgoestochurch

C.itsingsintheforest

D.itreachesintobees'nests

【答案】A

【解析】根据文章的最后一段可知：

Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.科学家们都不知道为什么honeyguide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然他们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。

【考点定位】考查判断推理。

63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WildBees

C.BeekeepinginAfrica

B.WaxandHoney

D.Honey-Lover'sHelper

【答案】D

【解析】文章通篇都在叙述有关Honey-Lover'sHelper的事情，第一段通过叙述引出Honey-Lover'sHelper中心词；第二段叙述Honey-Lover'sHelper获取蜂蜡是过程；第三段科学家们对Honey-Lover'sHelper的感到迷惑。

【考点定位】考查文章的标题总结。

2.【2012全国II】

（A）

Coldweathercanbehardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter（住所）astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.

Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,and

plentyofnon-frozenwater.

Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet’swater.Sometimesownersdon’trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.

【解析】根据第二段中的“Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.”可知：

当你感到冷的时候就会进房间，它们也是如此。

所以A正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

43.Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay___.

A.runshortofcleanwaterB.digdeepholesforfun

C.dirtythesnownearbyD.getlostinthewild

【答案】A

【解析】根据文章第三段中的“awaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink”可知，当水盆被冻之后，宠物就可能找不到干净的水喝。

故选A。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

44.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.

C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.

【答案】B

【解析】根据第一段的中心句“Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.”可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是为了给养宠物的人们一些实用的建议。

【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。

（B）

Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.

First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?

Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?

”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.

Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfromthebehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle（角度）totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.

Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap（摆动）.Itshouldn’tlooklikeonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.

Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，风向决定着帆船的运动速度。

后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。

45.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhil

esailing?

A.Sailors’strength.B.Wavelevels.

C.Winddirections.D.Size

ofsails.

【答案】C

【解析】根据第二段中的“First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?

Isitcom

48.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?

A.Inapopularmagazine.B.Inatouristguidebook.

C.Inaphysicstextbook.D.Inanofficialreport.

【答案】A

【解析】帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。

【考点定位】考查推理判断。

3.【2012陕西卷】

C

Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:

theairyoubreathe.

Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure（暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke（中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants（污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）considerstobeof“moderate”（良好）quali