考点50 短文填空之自由填空备战中考英语考点一遍过.docx
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考点50短文填空之自由填空备战中考英语考点一遍过
考点五十短文填空之自由填空
把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。
它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的,这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。
试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词,且没有任何提示,让考生根据短文内容自由填词,难度较大,主观性较强,有时可能出现多种答案。
二、满分技巧
1.解题步骤:
(1)快速浏览,了解大意。
对于简单把握的空,可以先填出来;
(2)上下求索,填出答案。
根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式;
(3)通读全文,检查确认。
特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
(2)如果需要填入代词,就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法;
(3)并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and,but,or等;
(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入从属连词(what,which,who,how,when等)。
或者是宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。
这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分析到底是什么从句,从而选择合适的从属连词。
A
Manypeoplesaythattheyareworkingtoo____1____hours.Theydon’thavefreetimewiththeirfamilies.Theycan’ttakecare____2____thingsathome.Theydon’thavetimetorelax.
Workhoursare_____3____fromonecountrytoanother.InFrance,peoplespendabout1646hoursayearatwork.InJapanese,however,peopleworkabout2159hoursayear.ThatmeansaJapaneseworkerworks513morehoursayear_____4____aFrenchworker.Thatisabout12weekendsofextra(额外的)work!
_____5____dopeopleworksomanyhours?
Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttogetmoremoney,butmanycompaniesdon’tpay____6____extrawork.Thepeopleinthesecompaniesworkextrahoursbecausetheythinkit’stheirduty.Somepeopleareafraidtheywill_____7_____theirjobiftheydon’tworkextrahours.
Manypeoplesaythattheirvacationsaretooshort.InFrance,peoplegetfiveweeksofpaidvacation.InGermany,theygetaboutfourweeks.IntheUnitedStates,twoweeksof_____8_____istheaverage(平均).Andmanypeopledon’t_____9____alloftheirvacationdays.Inonesurvey,inEngland,fewerthanhalfofworkersusedalltheirvacationdays.InEnglish,peoplesay,"allworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy."Thatistrue,therearealotof____10____peopleintheworld.
B
VisitorstoJapanareoftenexcitedaboutthedeliciousfood,butmanypeoplearealittlenervous____1____whattodoatrestaurantsorinaJapanesehousehold.Soit’shelpfultoknowbasictable____2____beforegoingtoJapan.
____3____peopleuseknives,forks,spoonsandchopstickstoeat.Butchopsticksarethemost____4____utensils(用具).WhenyouareeatingdinnerwithsomeJapanesefriends,don’tdirectlypass____5____fromyourchopstickstosomebodyelse’schopsticks.It’salsoimportantnotto____6____chopsticksvertically(垂直地)intofood,especiallyintoabowlofrice.It’snot____7____tomoveyourchopsticksupanddownabovedishesortopointatsomebodywithyourchopsticks.
Itispolitetoliftsmallbowlsofriceorsoupwhenyoueat.It____8____youfromdroppingfood.
InJapan,itiscommontoslurp(吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音)while____9____noodles.Peoplesaythenoodlestastebetter____10____theymakeslurpingnoises.
C
WhenIfirstmetmyfifth-gradeteacher,Iwashappy.Sheseemedprettynice,soIwasexcitedto____1____awholeyearwithher.Everydaytheclasswoulddoawarm-upandthendiscussit.Wewouldalsoreadstories,singsongsandlearnaboutdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.IthoughtIwasveryluckytohavesuchagreat,kindandcaring____2____.
WhenDecembercamearound,myteachersuddenlystopped____3____toschool.Thewholeclassmissed____4____.Rumors(谣言)spreadaroundtheschoolabout____5____shedidn’tcometoschool.
"She’s____6____holiday,"somegirlsexplainedtoeachotherduringlunchtime.
"She’sgotreallytiredofusanddecided____7____toteachusanymore,"someboyssaid.
____8____nooneknewthetruth.
Fortherestoftheschoolyear,Ineversawheragain.Inthemiddleofthesixthgrade,Ireceivedadisturbing(令人不安的)message.Shehaddiedofcancer(癌症).I____9____veryupset.IwishIcouldvisitherinthehospital.WheneverIthinkabouther,Irememberallofthehappytimeswehadtogether.Becauseofher,Icanunderstandwhatmattersmosttome.Inevertoldherhowmuchshemeanttome.Andnowit’stoo____10____.
A(2019•天津市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整.每空限填一词。
ThevillagersinMhangeni,Africa.facedaverybigchallenge(挑战).Theydidn'thaveaschoolfortheirkids.
Thenthevillageelderthoughtofan
(1)i dea .Hesaidthattherewasanold,abandoned(废弃的)farmhouse.Itcouldbechangedintoclassroomsaftercleaningandfurnishing(装设备)it.Allthevillagerswere
(2)p leased withhissuggestionandstartedtheprojectimmediately.Theparentsrepairedthebrokenwalls.Somevillagers(3)d ivided thehouseintothreeclassroomsbyusingpiecesofwood.Theothershelpedmakedesksandchairsforthestudents.Still,therewasmuchmoreworktodo.Buttherainswerecoming.Theyhadto(4)s top workingfortheschoolasitwasnowthebesttimeforthemtoplant.
SothechildrenofMhangenidecidedtofinishthehouseby(5)t hemselves .Theyhadtohurryassummerhadendedandotherschoolshadalreadyopened.Theydidn'twanttodelay(耽搁)theirstudies.Everydaytheywerebusywithcuttingthegrassandclearingthebushes(灌木).
Thenewsabouttheproject(6)s pread andmanypeopleknewit.Twoteacherswhoworkedforthecountry'sDepartmentofEducationarrivedtohelpout.andtwoforeignvisitorswerealsotouched(感动)bythechildren's(7)a ctions .Theydonatedmoneyforthemtobuytextbooksandstationery.
After10daysofhardwork,thenewschoolwas(8)r eady .Thekidswereveryhappybutabitworried﹣theywerebehindintheirstudies.
Besides(除…之外)this,theyalsofacedmany(9)d ifficulties .Therewerenotenoughclassroomstoholdallthestudents.Andtwoorthreestudentshadtoshareonebook.
However,thechildrenarehappytostudyinschool﹣(10)e specially intheirnewschoolwhichtheyhelpedtobuild.Thoughtheirschoolmightnotbemodern,theirdreamofhavingaschoolneartheirhomeshascometrue.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题.他们村子没有学校,他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校,虽然学校很简陋,但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习.
1.idea【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:
村子里的老者想出来一个主意.i开头的单词,idea意见,想法.符合语境.故答案为:
idea.
2.pleased【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:
所有的村民对他的建议很满意,并开始开始了这个工厂.p开头的单词,pleased满意的,bepleasedwith对……满意.符合语境.故答案为:
pleased.
3.divided【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:
有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室.d开头的单词,divide分开,divide……into把……分成……符合语境.根据语境,需要使用一般过去时,divide的过去式为divided.故答案为:
divided.
4.stop【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:
他们不得不停止工作,因为现在对他们来说,是最好的种植的时间.s开头,stop停止,stopdoing停止做.符合语境.hadto后面接动词原形.故答案为:
stop.
5.themselves【解析】考查反身代词;分析语境,此处表示:
所以,Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子,themselves他们自己,符合语境.故答案为:
themselves.
6.spread【解析】考查动词;此处意思为:
关于这个项目的消息传播出去,很多人都知道它了.s开头,spread传播,符合语境.根据语境,此处需要用一般过去时,spread的过去式是spread.故答案为:
spread.
7.actions【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:
而且,两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了.a开头的词,action行动,可数名词,此处表示孩子们的行动,用可数名词的复数形式.故答案为:
actions.
8.ready【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:
经过10天的努力工作后,新学校已经准备好了.r开头的词,ready准备好的.符合语境.故答案为:
ready.
9.difficulties【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:
除此之外,他们还面临了很多困难.d开头,difficulty困难,可数名词,前面有many,此处需要用名词复数形式.difficulty的复数形式是difficulties.故答案为:
difficulties.
10.especially【解析】考查副词;分析语境,此处表示:
然而,孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里.e开头的词,especially尤其.符合语境.故答案为:
especially.
B(2019•四川省自贡市)
将下列单词的适当形式填入空格.每空限填一词,每词只能用一次.
continuemakeplacecarefulwho
samestopbeforegoodsomething
AmannamedBilloncevisitedatemplethatwasstillbeingbuilt.Hesawasculptor(雕刻家)
(1) asculpture.Ashewatchedthemanworkonthesculpture,henoticedthattherewasasimilarsculpturelyingnearby.
Hefeltstrangeandaskedthesculptor,"Whyareyoucreatingtwo
(2) sculptures?
Doyouneedtwotoputindifferent(3) ?
"
"No."themansaidwithoutlookingup,"Weneedonlyone,butthefirstonebecamedamaged(损害)(4) Icouldfinishit,soI'mworkingonanewone."
Billpickedupthedamagedsculptureandexaminedit(5) .Buthecouldn'tfind(6) wrongwithit.
"Whereisthedamage?
"heasked.
"Thereisascratch(划痕)onthesculpture'snose"thesculptorsaidwhile(7) hiswork.
Billthenasked"Whereareyougoingtoplacethesculpture?
"
Thesculptorrepliedthatitwouldbeplacedonaplatformwhichis20feetinheight."Ifthesculptureisupthathigh,(8) isgoingtonoticethatthereisascratchonthenose?
"Billasked.
Thesculptor(9) hiswork,lookingupatthemanandsaid,"Iwillknowit."
Thesculptorchoseahighstandardofexcellenceinhiswork.Evenifotherpeopledidn'tnoticeit,itmatteredtohimthathisworkshouldbeofthe(10) quality(质量).Thisisanattitudeweshouldworkhardtohave.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空,主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事,通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度.
(1)making考查动名词,seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事,makeasculpture雕刻,故答案为making.
(2)same考查形容词,根据上文Ashewatchedthemanworkonthesculpture,henoticedthattherewasasimilarsculpturelyingnearby.当他观看那个人雕刻时,他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像,因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑.故答案为same.
(3)places考查可数名词复数,different不同的,后跟可数名词复数,结合语境,你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑,你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗?
故答案为places.
(4)before考查时间副词,结合语境,我们只需要一个,但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了.判断是完成之前,故答案为before.
(5)carefully考查副词,结合语境,Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查,但是他没发现有什么问题.examine为实意动词,用副词修饰,故答案为carefully.
(6)anything考查不定代词,couldn't否定词,结合语境,Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查,但是他没发现有什么问题.否定句中不定代词用anything.故答案为anything.
(7)continuing考查动名词,while后动词用﹣ing形式,结合语境,"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作.故答案为continuing.
(8)who考查疑问代词,结合语境,如果雕塑放那么高的话,谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕.故答案为who.
(9)stopped考查动词,本文谓语动词用过去式,判断时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式,结合语境,雕刻家停下他的工作,看着那个男人说:
"我会知道."故答案为stopped.
(10)best考查形容词最高级,quality为名词,前用形容词,the后形容词用最高级,结合语境,即使别人没有注意到,他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要.故答案为best.
C(2019•广东省)
请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。
每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Lastwinterholiday,Ivisitedavillagewithonly11houses.__71__thevillagewasverysmall,Ispentawholedayinit.
Thevillagebecamepopularbecause__72__GrandpaHuang'shardwork.Heboughtahousethereover30years__73__,butin2010thevillagewastobepulleddown.Inordertosavetheoldvillage,GrandpaHuangpai