泗阳中学届高考英语 任务型阅读专项训练一.docx

泗阳中学届高考英语 任务型阅读专项训练一.docx

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泗阳中学届高考英语任务型阅读专项训练一

江苏省泗阳中学2013高考英语任务型阅读专项训练

（1）

Howisitthatsiblings（兄弟姐妹）canturnoutsodifferently?

Eachsiblinggrowsupinadifferentfamily.Thefirst-bornis,forawhile,anonlychild,andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater.Thenextchildis,forawhile,theyoungest,untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival.Themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo.Onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears;anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis,withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather.

Siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918.Butmorerecently,researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachothers’lives.Dr.AnnetteHendersonsaysfirst-bornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheirsiblings.Thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren’tgettingthesameone-on-onetimewithparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment.Later-bornsdon’tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents,butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters,learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween“I”and“me”.

ACambridgeUniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially.Love-haterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren.Eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs.

Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings,particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.Researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeachotherthanthesecondandthird.Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.A2003researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears,findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedfromtheirparents.

Title:

Reasonsforthe（71）___________betweeensiblings

Differentfamilysituations

Thefirstchildlivesinastableandclosefamily,（72）_________thingsdifferentlyfromlaterones.

Thenextchildmay（73）__________upinacrisis.

Thechild（74）__________laterleadstothechangeofthefamilyagain.

Parentsthemselvesarechangingtoo;

Siblingcompetition

Childrenmaebe（75）__________bythecompetition.

Itisfoundthatbrothersandsistershavealasting（76）___________oneachother.

Thefirst-born（77）__________vocabularymorequickly.

Theyoungerdon’t（78）__________haveproblemswithlanguage.

Growingsocially

Love-haterelationshipsarecommomamongthechildren.

（79）___________moreattentionfromparents

Theywanttobedifferent,especiallyifthe（80）_______inageissmall.

Thefirsttwoaremoredifferentfromeachother.

Girlswithbrothersarethemostdifferent.

Differentsiblingssucceedingettingmorewarmth

Key:

71.difference72.experiencing73.grow74.arriving75.shaped76.effect/influence77.learn78.necessarily79.seeking80.gap

（2）

ThefastdevelopmentofInternetmakesitconvenientforpeopletohaveaccesstothelatestinformationallovertheworld,whichbroadenspeople'shorizons．However,sometimestheInternetisabusedbysometospreadrumors（谣言）onpurpose,resultinginsideeffectonpeople'slife．Therefore,TheInternetSocietyofChinareleasedawrittenproposallastMondaywhichdemandedofInternetcompaniesandwebsitestostrengthenself-disciplineandpreventthespreadofonlinerumors．

ThreemajorwebsitesinChinavoicedtheirsolutionsTuesdaytofightagainstonlinerumorsinresponsetothewarningonMonday．

Chiefsof,andhavepromisedthegovernmentthattheywillfirmlycooperatewithrelevantdepartmentstodealwiththeonlinespreadingofrumors,sayingtheywillimproveself-managementandtakeeffectivemeasurestowardthisgoal．

Microbloggingwebsitesshouldnotbeahotbedforspreadingofrumors,saidachiefof,whichoperatesthecountry'smostpopularmicrobloggingsiteW．HesaidSinawasmakingeffortstocontrolthereleaseofcontentsonWandimproveitsabilitytofindoutandremoverumorspostedonit．

WandanothermajorChinesemicrobloggingsitestoppedtheircommentfunctionsfromMarch31toApril3aftertheywerepunishedforallowingrumorstospread．

AchieffromBsaiditwascallingoffillegalandfake（虚假）informationinitssearchresultsanditwouldfurtherincreasetechnicalandmanpowerinvestmenttoremovedisinformation．

Thewebsiteislearningfromthepastexperienceandbetteringthesafetystrategyforitsmicrobloggingservicetofurtherpreventthespreadingofonlinerumorsthroughmicrobloggingsites,saidanunnamedchieffrom．

Themeasurehasreceivedwidespreadsupportfromusersandnowpeoplecanenjoyarelativecleanandsafenetenvironment．

BenefitsoftheInternet

●Makingitconvenientforpeopletoaccessthelatestinformation1

●Broadeningpeople'shorizons

2

●Beingabusedbysometospreadrumors3

●Havingsideeffectonpeople'slife

Aresponsefrom

government

Aproposalwasreleased,_4ofInternetcompaniesandwebsitestostrengthenself-disciplineandpreventthespreadofonline

Responsesfromwebsites

●Promisingto5withrelevantdepartmentsfirmly

●Improvingself-managementandtakeeffectivemeasures

Measures6_bythree

majorwebsites

◆

●Controllingthereleaseofcontentson

W

●Improvingitsabilityto_7andremove

rumorspostedonit．

◆

●Cancelling8andfakeinformationin

itssearchresults

●Furtherincreasingtechnicalandmanpower

investmenttoremovedisinformation．

◆

●Learningfromthepastexperience

●Betteringthesafety9forits

microbloggingservice

Results

●Themeasurehasreceivedwidespreadsupportfromusers．

●Peoplecanenjoyacleanandsafenetenvironment10

参考答案：

1.worldwide;2.Problems/Disadvantages;3.purposely/deliberately;4.demanding;5.cooperate;6.taken;7.discover;8.illegal;9.strategy;10.relatively

（3）

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhasanideaofitsmeaning.However,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfusing,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives（目标）.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,

supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledgeorfacts.

Eveninthetruescience,distinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypotheses（假设）andtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandlatertheunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureofthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatend,specialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.However,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtocomebeforethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdevotingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes--forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

The（71）ofscience

（72）___________ofscience

●Todefinescience,wemay（73）callitclassifiedknowledgeorfacts.

●Itisessential,thoughnot（74）,forustodistinguishfactfromfiction.

Objectivesofscience

Scienceis（75）______atdiscoveringandunderstandingtheunknown.

Twobasic（76）___________tonewdiscovery

Purescience

Scientists,whomaybeblamedfor（77）______thepracticalsideoftheirwork,makediscoveriesoutof（78）_______.

（79）_________science

Knowledgeisputtoeconomic（80）,forexample,improvinghealth,raisinglivingstandardsandcreatingnewproducts.

71.nature72.Definition73.simply74.easy75.aimed

76.approaches77.ignoring78.curiosity79.Applied80.use

（4）

Throwthebottlesandboxesofdrugsoutofyourhouse.Anewtheorysuggeststhatmedicinecouldbebadforyourhealth,whichshouldatleastcomeasgoodnewstopeoplewhocannotaffordtobuyexpensivemedicine.Thisnewtheoryarguesthathealingisatourfingertips:

wecanbehealthybydoingYogaonaregularbasis.

Supportersofmedicaltreatmentarguethatmedicineshouldbetrustedsinceitiseffectiveandscientificallyproven.TheysaythatthereisnoneedforspiritualmethodssuchasYoga.Thesewasteourtime,somethingwhichisquitepreciousinourm