新理念英语学习综合教程第三册Unit1阅读综合.docx

新理念英语学习综合教程第三册Unit1阅读综合.docx

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新理念英语学习综合教程第三册Unit1阅读综合

卷A

Geneticallymodifiedfoods（orGMfoods）arefoodsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms.GeneticallymodifiedorganismshavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.GMfoodswerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s.Typically,geneticallymodifiedfoodsaretransgenicplantproducts:

soybean,corn,canola,andcottonseedoil.Animalproductshavealsobeendeveloped,althoughasofJuly2010nonearecurrentlyonthemarket.CriticshaveobjectedtoGMfoodsonseveralgrounds,includingsafetyissues,ecologicalconcerns,andeconomicconcerns.However,genetically-modifiedfoodsareheretostay.That’snottosaythatfoodproducedbyconventionalagriculturewilldisappear,butsimplythatfood-buyingpatternswillpolarize（两极分化）:

therewillbearightmarketforconventionalfoodjustasthereisfororganicfood.ItmayevenbethatGMfoodwillbecomethefoodofpreferencebecauseconsumerscometoappreciatethehealthbenefitsofreducedpesticideuse.ThereasonGMfoodwillnotgoawayisthatweneedathree-foldincreaseinfoodproductionbytheyear2050tokeeppacewiththeworld’spredictedpopulationgrowthtotenorelevenbillion.It’snotjustaquestionofmoremouthstofeedeither.Whatisoftenforgottenisthatalltheseextrapeoplewilltakeupspace,reducingtheoveralllandavailableforagriculture."Geneticmodificationisanalogoustonuclearpower:

nobodylovesit,butclimatechangehasmadeitsadoptionimperative,"sayseconomistPaulCollierofOxfordUniversity."Declininggeneticmodificationmakesacomplicatedissuemorecomplex.Geneticmodificationoffersbothfastercropadaptationandabiological,ratherthanchemical,approachtoyieldincreases."Theworldhas800millionhungrypeople.Untilnow,foodsupplieshavebeenincreasedbyimprovedvarieties,pesticidesandartificialfertilizers:

thegreenrevolution.Nowwe’reontheedgeofanewrevolution:

ageneticone.ItmaywellbethatinthelongtermitisthedevelopingworldthatbenefitsmostfromGMfoods.It’struethatforthenexttenyearsorsoGMcropsmaybetooexpensive.Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere—oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedforprofitablecrops,itwillspreadandbecomeaffordableforall.Thisdoesn’tmean,unfortunately,thatfamineswilldisappear,butseverityanddurationwillbehelpedbyanimprovedabilitytoproduceanddistributefood.

31.TheintroductionofGMfoodwillaffect_____.

A）food-pricingstandard

B）food-buyingpatterns

C）food-suppliesscale

D）food-productionefficiency

正确答案：

B

32ConsumerspreferGMfoodtoconventionalfoodbecause_____.

A）GMfoodreceiveslesspesticideapplication

B）GMfoodismorenutritiousthanorganicfood

C）GMfoodischeaperthanconventionalfood

D）Conventionalfoodisfreefromchemicals

正确答案：

A

33.Iftheworldpopulationgrowstotenorelevenbillionbytheyear2050,_____.

A）ageneticrevolutionwilltakeoverthegreenrevolution

B）theoveralllandavailableforagriculturewillrunout

C）thenumberofhungrypeoplewillriseto800million

D）foodproductionshouldbeincreasedtothreetimesthatoftoday

正确答案：

D

34."Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere"（inthelastparagraph）probablymeansthat______.A）oncethetechnologicalinnovationisinprogress,itscostwillbereduced

B）oncethetechnologyhasbeenturnedintoproductivity,itwillbecomepopular

C）oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedforprofitableproducts,itwillenterintoourdailylife

D）oncethetechnologyhasbeenimprovedtomeetthedemandsofthedevelopingworld,itwillbeaffordable

正确答案：

C

35.WecaninferfromthepassagethatGMfoodwill_____

A）betooexpensivetoafford

B）keeptheworldfromstarvation

C）bewell-acceptedbysomeconsumers

D）eventuallyreplaceconventionalfood

正确答案：

C

PassageTwo

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheradicaltransformationoftheSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.SovietwomenunderStalinwerealsothefirstgenerationofwomenabletogivebirthinthesafetyofahospital,withaccesstoprenatalcare（产检）.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddle-classhusbandsexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By1950,75percentofdoctorsintheSovietUnionwerewomen.ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolowthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searnings.Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledtomanybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasmobilizedinStalinistsociety.

36.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety________.

A）hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore

B）haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities

C）hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships

D）movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment

正确答案：

C

37.Inthelastparagraph,"monopolize"probablymeans_____.

A）holdB）earnC）leaveD）pay

正确答案：

A

38.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto________.

A）comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B）tellstoriesaboutwomeninSovietUnion

C）amusethereader

D）provideinformation

正确答案：

D

39.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas________.

A）disapprovingB）emotionalC）objectiveD）sympathetic

正确答案：

C

40.WecanconcludethattheeconomicandsocialstatusofwomeninStalinistsociety________.

A）hadbeenimproved

B）wasworsethanbefore

C）hadnotchangedmuch

D）wasbetterthanthatincapitalisticcountries

正确答案：

A

卷B

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren’ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Brooklynisn’ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.Charleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica’smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday’scitiesface.Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringtheday,theywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,"Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?

Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?

"Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandthesuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinesstothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesshasalsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinmajorEuropeancountries.Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.Perhaps,thedecisionmadebytheTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsu