专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟442.docx

专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟442.docx

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专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟442

专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟442

READINGCOMPREHENSION

SectionAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachmultiple-choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PassageOne

（1）ThereadermayrestsatisfiedthatTom'sandHuck'swindfall（意外之财）madeamightystirinthepoorlittlevillageofSt.Petersburg.Sovastasum,allinactualcash,seemednexttoincredible.Itwastalkedabout,gloatedover,glorified,untilthereasonofmanyofthecitizenstotteredunderthestrainoftheunhealthyexcitement.Every"haunted"houseinSt.Petersburgandtheneighboringvillageswasdissected,plankbyplank,anditsfoundationsdugupandransacked（搜遍）forhiddentreasure—andnotbyboys,butmen—prettygrave,unromanticmen,too,someofthem.WhereverTomandHuckappearedtheywerecourted,admired,staredat.Theboyswerenotabletorememberthattheirremarkshadpossessedweightbefore;butnowtheirsayingsweretreasuredandrepeated;everythingtheydidseemedsomehowtoberegardedasremarkable;theyhadevidentlylostthepowerofdoingandsayingcommonplacethings;moreover,theirpasthistorywasrakedupanddiscoveredtobearmarksofconspicuousoriginality.Thevillagepaperpublishedbiographicalsketches（传略）oftheboys.

（2）TheWidowDouglasputHuck'smoneyoutatsixpercent,andJudgeThatcherdidthesamewithTom'satAuntPolly'srequest.Eachlad（男孩）hadanincome,now,thatwassimplyprodigious—adollarforeveryweek-dayintheyearandhalfoftheSundays.Itwasjustwhattheministergot—no,itwaswhathewaspromised—hegenerallycouldn'tcollectit.Adollarandaquarteraweekwouldboard,lodge,andschoolaboyinthoseoldsimpledays—andclothehimandwashhim,too,forthatmatter.

（3）JudgeThatcherhadconceivedagreatopinionofTom.Hesaidthatnocommonplaceboywouldeverhavegothisdaughteroutofthecave.WhenBeckytoldherfather,instrictconfidence,howTomhadtakenherwhippingatschool,theJudgewasvisiblymoved;andwhenshepleadedgraceforthemightyliewhichTomhadtoldinordertoshiftthatwhippingfromhershoulderstohisown,theJudgesaidwithafineoutburstthatitwasanoble,agenerous,amagnanimouslie—aliethatwasworthytoholdupitsheadandmarchdownthroughhistorybreasttobreastwithGeorgeWashington'slaudedTruthaboutthehatchet（短柄小斧）!

Beckythoughtherfatherhadneverlookedsotallandsosuperbaswhenhewalkedthefloorandstampedhisfootandsaidthat.ShewentstraightoffandtoldTomaboutit.

（4）JudgeThatcherhopedtoseeTomagreatlawyeroragreatsoldiersomeday.HesaidhemeanttolooktoitthatTomshouldbeadmittedtotheNationalMilitaryAcademyandafterwardtrainedinthebestlawschoolinthecountry,inorderthathemightbereadyforeithercareerorboth.

（5）HuckFinn'swealthandthefactthathewasnowundertheWidowDouglas'protectionintroducedhimintosociety—no,draggedhimintoit,hurledhimintoit—andhissufferingswerealmostmorethanhecouldbear.Thewidow'sservantskepthimcleanandneat,combedandbrushed,andtheybeddedhimnightlyinunsympatheticsheetsthathadnotonelittlespotorstainwhichhecouldpresstohisheartandknowforafriend.Hehadtoeatwithaknifeandfork;hehadtousenapkin,cup,andplate;hehadtolearnhisbook,hehadtogotochurch;hehadtotalksoproperlythatspeechwasbecomeinsipid（枯燥乏味的）inhismouth;whithersoeverheturned,thebarsandshackles（镣铐）ofcivilizationshuthiminandboundhimhandandfoot.

（6）Hebravelyborehismiseriesthreeweeks,andthenonedayturnedupmissing.Forforty-eighthoursthewidowhuntedforhimeverywhereingreatdistress.Thepublicwereprofoundlyconcerned;theysearchedhighandlow,theydraggedtheriverforhisbody.EarlythethirdmorningTomSawyerwiselywentpokingamongsomeoldemptyhogsheads（大桶）downbehindtheabandonedslaughter-house,andinoneofthemhefoundtherefugee.Huckhadsleptthere;hehadjustbreakfasteduponsomestolenoddsandendsoffood,andwaslyingoff,now,incomfort,withhispipe.Hewasunkempt（蓬乱的）,uncombed,andcladinthesameoldruinofragsthathadmadehimpicturesqueinthedayswhenhewasfreeandhappy.

（本文选自TheAdventuresofTomSawyer）

PassageTwo

（1）Youngstershavelongcrossedbordersinsearchofaneducation.Morethan2,000yearsagotheRomanpoetHoracewenttoAthenstojoinPlato'sAcademy.OxfordUniversityadmitteditsfirstknowninternationalstudent,EmoofFriesland,in1190.Todaymorethan4.5mstudentsareenrolledincollegesanduniversitiesoutsidetheirowncountries.Theirfeessubsidiselocalstudents.Theirideasbroadenandenlivenclassroomdebate.Mostgohomewithhappymemoriesandvaluablecontacts,makingthemmorelikelyinlaterlifetodobusinesswiththecountrywheretheystudied.Thosewhostayonusewhattheyhavelearnedtomakethemselvesandtheirhostswealthier,byfindingworkasdoctors,engineersorinsomeotherskilledcareer.

（2）Immigrationpolicyishard:

EuropeistyingitselfinknotsoverhowmanySyrianrefugeestoadmit.Butthequestionofwhethertowelcomeforeignstudentsoughttobemucheasier.Theymorethanpaytheirway.Theyaddtothehostcountry'scollectivebrainpower.Andtheyareeasytoassimilate（同化）.Indeed,forageingrichcountriesseekingtoimportyoungworkerstoplugskillsgapsandpropupwobblypensionsystems,theyareideal.Aforeigngraduatefromalocaluniversityislikelytobewell-qualified,fluentinthelocallingo（语言）andateasewithlocalcustoms.Countriesshouldbevyingtoattractsuchpeople.

（3）PlaceswiththegoodfortunetospeakEnglishhaveagiganticheadstart（领先优势）.Australiaistheleader:

aquarterofitstertiarystudentscomefromabroad,abiggersharethaninanyothercountry.Educationisnowitsbiggestexport,afternaturalresources.Forawhiletheinfluxofbrainyforeignerswasslowedbyanovervaluedcurrencyandthereputationaldamagefromthecollapseofsomebadlyrunprivatecolleges.ButrecentlytheAustraliandollarhasweakened,degreemills（野鸡大学）havebeenshutdown,visaruleshavebeenrelaxed—andforeignstudentshavefloodedback.Lastyeartheirnumbersroseby10%.

（4）Canada,untilrecentlyanalso-ran,nowemulatesOz.In2014itsetagoalofalmostdoublingthenumberofforeignstudentsby2022.Ithasstreamlinedvisaapplicationsandgiveninternationalstudentstherighttostayandworkforuptothreeyearsaftergraduating.ThosewhowanttomakeCanadatheirhomehaveagoodchanceofbeinggrantedpermanentresidence.Itsshareofthemarketforfootloosestudentsisgrowing,andnumbershavemorethandoubledinadecade.

（5）America,bycontrast,ishorriblycomplacent.Inabsoluteterms,itattractsthemostforeignstudents,thankstoitssize,itsoutstandinguniversitiesandthelureofSiliconValleyandotherbrainworkinghotspots.Butitpunchesfarbelowitsweight:

only5%ofthestudentsonitscampusesareforeign.Itsvisarulesareneedlesslystrictandstresskeepingoutterroristsratherthanwooing（招揽）talent.Itishardforstudentstowork,eitherpart-timewhilestudyingorforayearortwoaftergraduation.Thegovernmentwantstoextendaschemethatallowsthosewithscienceandtechnologyqualificationstostayforupto29monthsaftergraduating.Butunionsopposeit,claimingthatforeignstudentsundercuttheirmembers'wages.Onethatrepresentshigh-techworkersinWashingtonstatehasfiledacourtchallenge,seekingtohavetheschemeaxed.

Theself-harmingstate

（6）Britainisevenmorereckless.It,too,hasthehugeadvantagesoffamousuniversitiesandtheEnglishlanguage.Butitsgovernmenthaspledgedtoreducenetimmigrationto100,000peopleayear,andtothisenditissqueezingstudents.Applyingforastudentvisahasgrownslowerandcostlier.Workingpart-timetopayfeesisharder.Andforeignstudentsnolongerhavetherighttostayandworkfortwoyearsaftergraduation.Britain'suniversitiesarelosingmarketshare:

theirforeignenrolmentsarefiatevenastheirmainrivals'aregrowingstrongly.

（7）SajidJavid,Britain'sbusinesssecretary,saystheaimisto"breakthelink"betweenstudyingandimmigration.Thisispreciselythewrongapproach.Foracountrythatwantstorecruittalented,productiveimmigrants,itishardtothinkofabettersiftingprocessthanauniversityeducation.Welcomingforeignstudentsisapolicythatcostslessthannothingintheshorttermandbringshugerewardsinthelongterm.HencethebafflementofJamesDyson,abillionaireinventor,whosummedupBritain'spolicythus:

"Train'emup.Kick'emout.It'sabitshortsighted,isn'tit?

"

（本文选自TheEconomist）

PassageThree

（1）EveryleaderI'veevermetseesaccountability（问责）asafoundationalingredientinahealthyandsustainableculture.Theproblemis,asisoftenthecasewithleadershipandmanagementideas,weusethewordwithoutreallyunderstandingwhatitmeans.

（2）Usually,wemakethemistakeofholdingontooneorbothofthesehiddenbeliefs:

Wehaveadeeplyheldassociationbetweenaccountabilityandpunishment—insteadofconsideringitatooltohelppeopleunlocktheirhighestself.Wehaveadeeplyheldassumptionthataccountabilityisaone-offevent—ratherthanthinkingit'salong-termpersonalconversationbetweenmanagerandemployee.

（3）Isuggestthinkingofaccountabilityasadialwithfivesteps.Youstartatthelowend,andthenturnupthedialifnecessary.

（4）I