小升初英语复习要点归纳.docx
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小升初英语复习要点归纳
小升初英语复习要点归纳
一、名词复数规则
1.普通状况下,直接加-s,如:
book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:
family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomen
mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth
fish-fishpeople-peopleChinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese
二、代词
人称代词
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词(短)
名词性物主代词(长)
我
I
me
my
mine
你
you
you
your
yours
她
he
him
his
his
她
she
her
her
hers
咱们
we
us
our
ours
你们
you
you
your
yours
她们
they
them
their
theirs
口诀:
主格应当作主语,放在句子开头;
宾格应当作宾语,放在动词介词后;
形容词性物主代词不能单独用,必要接名词或其她词;
名词性物主代词,单独使用就可以。
如:
Iamastudent.
Whatisyourname?
Hisbagisonthedesk.Thatoneisnothis.
WecanfromAmerica.Wearefriends.
Letmehelpyou.
Theseshoesarenice.Trythemon.
Theyaredrinkingtea.
三、动词
1.be动词:
amisare
2.普通动词:
havegocometakegetbuypass
sitstandhavetalkwalkseecatchput等。
动词变化形式:
动词第三人称单数、动词+ing、动词过去式(详见时态)
3.情态动词:
情态动词can,must,should背面直接用动词原形。
如:
I/He/She/Theycansing.
Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.
Youmustn’tplaywithfire.
Canyouhelpme?
4.使役动词:
have,make,let背面直接用动词原形。
如:
Letmehelpyou.
MothermadeJimstayathomeallday.
四、疑问词
1.whatwhowhosewhichwherewhenwhyhow
2.“Wh-”questions:
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatcolourisit?
Whattimeisit?
What’sthetime?
Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?
Who’sthemanwithabignose?
Whosebagisit?
Whenisyourbirthday?
Whereismyballpen?
Whydoyoulikesummer?
Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?
Howoldistheyoungman?
Howmuchisthetoybear?
Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?
五、形容词和副词
bigsmalllittlelargetalllongshortfat
thinoldnewyoungcleandirtywarmhot
coolcoldfastslowlazybusycheap
earlylatehighlowtiredhungrythirsty
beautifuldeliciousexpensivefavouritefriendlypopular
六、比较级和最高档
1.普通在形容词或副词后+er
oldertallerlongerstronger
2.多音节词前+more
moreinterestingmoreexciting
3.双写最后一种字母,再+er
biggerfatter
4.把y变i,再+er
heavierearlier
5.不规则变化:
well-bettermuch/many-more
6.favourite没有比较级和最高档
如下表:
形容词(原级)
比较级
最高档
old
older
theoldest
new
newer
thenewest
thin
thinner
thethinnest
big
bigger
thebiggest
heavy
heavier
theheaviest
early
earlier
theearliest
boring
moreboring
themostboring
difficult
moredifficult
themostdifficult
expensive
moreexpensive
themostexpensive
七、介词和副词
inonatunderinfrontofbehindafteroveracross
intooutofbesidenearnextto
八、some和any
Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.
Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?
Therearesomebooksonthedesk.
Arethereanybooksonthedesk?
九、时态
(一)普通当前时,通惯用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。
1.普通当前时表达经常或习惯性动作,也可表达当前状态或主语具备性格和能力。
2.普通当前时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数必定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数必定句,动词用原形。
3.在普通当前时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,普通疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。
4.在普通当前时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn’t),普通疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not(don’t),普通疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。
动词+s变化规则
1.普通状况下,直接加-s,如:
cook-cooks,milk-milks
2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:
guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:
study-studies
(二)当前进行时bedoing,通惯用“Look!
”“now”.
1.当前进行时表达当前正在进行或发生动作,也可表达当前一段时间内活动或现阶段正在进行动作。
2.当前进行时必定句基本构造为be+动词ing.
3.当前进行时否定句在be后加not。
4.当前进行时普通疑问句把be动词调到句首。
动词加ing变化规则
1.普通状况下,直接加ing,如:
cook-cooking
2.以不发音e结尾,去e加ing,如:
make-making,taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一种元音字母和一种辅音字母,双写末尾辅音字母,再加ing,如:
run-running,stop-stopping
(三)普通将来时
begoingto
1.begoingto表达将要发生事或打算、筹划、决定要做事情。
2.必定句:
begoingto+动词原形,如:
Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.
否定句:
benotgoingto+动词原形,如:
Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.
普通疑问句:
把be动词调到句首,如:
IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形?
如:
WhatisJimgoingtodo?
疑问词当主语时:
疑问词+be+goingto+动词原形?
如:
Whoisgoingtoplayfootball?
will
1.表达将要发生事。
2.必定句:
Iwillgotothezootomorrow.
否定句:
Iwillnot(won’t)gotothezootomorrow.
普通疑问句:
Willyougotothezootomorrow?
特殊疑问句:
Whowillgotothezootomorrow?
Wherewillyougotomorrow?
Whenwillyougotothezoo?
(四)普通过去时
1.普通过去时表达过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态,常和表达过去时间状语连用。
普通过去时也表达过去经常或重复发生动作。
2.Be动词在普通过去时中变化:
⑴am和is在普通过去时中变为was。
(wasnot=wasn’t)
⑵are在普通过去时中变为were。
(werenot=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were句子,其否定、疑问变化和is,am,are同样,即否定句在was或were后加not,普通疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词普通过去时句子
否定句:
didn’t+动词原形,如:
Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.
普通疑问句:
在句首加did,句子中动词过去式变回原形。
如:
DidJimgohomeyesterday?
特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如:
WhatdidJimdoyesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:
疑问词+动词过去式?
如:
Whowenttohomeyesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.普通在动词末尾加-ed,如:
pull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:
taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一种元音字母和一种辅音字母重读闭音节,应双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-ed,如:
study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat
十、Therebe句型
1.单数可数名词
Thereisanappleontheplate.
Isthereanappleontheplate?
Thereisn’tanappleontheplate?
2.复数可数名词
Therearesomeapplesonthetable.
Arethereanyapplesonthetable?
Therearen’tanyapplesonthetable.
3.不可数名词
Thereissomewaterintheglass.
Isthereanywaterintheglass?
Thereisn’tanywaterintheglass.
十一、祈使句
1.祈使句定义
祈使句是用来发出命令或批示,提出规定、建议、劝告等句子。
祈使句第二人称主语you普通不表达出来,而是以动词原形开头。
例如:
Becareful.小心。
Haveacoffee,please.请喝杯咖啡。
Don'tworry.不要紧张。
2.祈使句主语
(1)省略第二人称主语
Lookout!
There'sacarcoming.小心!
有车来了。
Don'ttouchme.别碰我。
(2)祈使句如需要强调对方时,亦可把you说出来。
Youbequiet!
你们安静!
Don'tyouopenthedoor.你不要开门。
(3)祈使句亦可用第三人称作主语。
Somebodyopenthedoor.(注意:
要用动词原形)来个人把门打开。
Henryreadthepoemfirst.(注意:
要用动词原形)亨利先读这首诗。
Parentswithchildrengotothefront.带孩子家长到前面去。
Don'tanybodyopenthedoor.(注意:
要用don't而不是用doesn't)谁也不要开门。
3.祈使句必定与否定
(1)必定:
a.动词多数祈使句是以动词原形开头
Lookright.Lookleft.Standup.Sitdown.
Keepsilence.Help!
Closethedoor.Letmetry.
Letmesee.Let’sgo.
b.形容词+表语
Bequiet.Bequick.Becareful.Beseated.
Beontime.
Haveacupoftea,please.
(2)否定:
a.Don’t+动词原形
Don’twalk.Don'tlitter.Don’ttouch.Don’tmove.
Don’tcry.Don’tworry.Don’trun.Don’twrite.
Don’tmakenoiseinclass.
Don’thitotherchildren.
Don’tclimbthetrees.
b.Don’t+be动词+表语
Don’tbelate.
Don’tbenervous.
c.No+名词或动名词
Noswimming.Noparking.Nofood.Nosmoking.
Nocameras.Nobikes.
祈使句否定形式普通是在谓语动词前加上donot或don't(口语中),有时也可用never。
若祈使句有主语,否定词don't或never要置于主语之前。
Donotcomeinunlessasked.非请莫入。
Don'tyoubelieveit.决不要相信它。
Don'tanyonemakeanynoise.谁也不要吵吵闹闹。
Neverbelateagainnexttime.下一次千万不要再迟到了。
4.祈使句:
不同口气
Wouldyoukindlyopenthedoor?
(最客气)
Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?
(客气)
Pleaseopenthedoor.(客气)
Openthedoor,willyou?
(客气)
Justopenthedoor.(对熟人规定)
Openthedoor.(略带命令口气)
Openthedoor,you?
(傲气十足)
5.祈使句:
强调
可以在祈使句动词原形之前加上do表达强调。
Dobehonest.一定要诚实。
Dobequietamoment.一定要安静一会儿。
Doletmego.一定让我去吧。
Dotellmethereason.务必告诉我理由。
6.祈使句:
其她表达法
Patience!
要有耐心!
(名词)Handsup!
举起手来!
(名词)
Bottomsup!
干杯!
(名词)
Afteryou!
您先请!
(介词短语)Quickly!
快!
(副词)
十二、必背句型
1.Whatisyourname?
MynameisLiMing.
2.Howoldareyou?
I’mtwelve(yearsold).
3.Howareyou?
I’mfine,thinkyou.
4.Whatareyoudoing(now)?
IamwatchingTV.
5.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?
Iamgoingtoplayfootball.
6.Whatwillshedonext?
Shewillgoshopping.
7.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?
Isawafilm.
8.Whatcolourisit?
Itispink.
9.Whattimeisit?
=What’sthetime?
It’s7o’clock.
10.Whatyourfavouritesubject?
Englishismyfavouritesubject.
11.Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?
Theyellowone.
12.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?
Ilikesummer,becauseIcanswim.
13.Who’sthemanwithabignose?
Heismyuncle.
14.Whosebagisit?
It’smymother’s.
15.Whosesocksarethese?
TheyareJimmy’s.
16.Whenisyourbirthday?
MybirthdayisDecember,12th.
17.Whereismyballpen?
Itisinyourpencilcase.
18.Whydoyoulikesummer?
BeacauseIcaneaticecream.
19.Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?
Therearefivebooksinmybag.
20.Howoldistheyoungman?
Heis70yearsold.
21.Howmuchisthetoybear?
Itis20yuan.
22.Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?
Igotoschoolbybuseveryday.
23.Linlinisgoodatdrawing./Charleisnotgoodatdancing.
24.Jimistall.TomistallerthanJim.Samisthetallestinourclass.
25.Bettydanceswell.AmydancesbetterthanBetty.Sallydancesbest.
26.Therearefourseasonsinayear,spring,summer,autumnandwinter.
27.Ilikebananas./Ilikerunning.
28.It’stimetogohome.
It’stimetogotoschool.=It’stimeforschool.
29.Excuseme.
30.Youarewelcome.=That’allright.
31.Nicetoniceyou.=Nicetoseeyou.
32.打电话:
Whoisthat?
ThisisTom(speaking).
Exercises:
Be动词
用am,is,are填空(不需要用“/”表达)。
1.Mygrandma__________adoctor.
2.XiaoMing___________twelveyearsold.He____________tallandthin.
3.LucyandLily__________twins.
4.There__________aneraserinthepencil-case.
5.There__________bananasonthetable.
6.There__________abookandthreepencilsonthedesk.
7.There__________abananaandsomepearsinthefridge.
8.__________youapoliceman?
No,I________not.
9.