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版高考英语大一轮必考知识点复习Book1Unit5
Ⅰ.读句品词——阅读下列句子,写出加黑单词的词性及汉语意思
1.Hewassentencedtodeathbecauseofwhathehadstolenfromthebank.vt.判决;宣判
2.Mymumisavolunteerinahospital.ShebringsdinnereverySundaytothepeopleattendingtotheirrelativeswhoareinhospital.n.亲戚;亲属
其他意义:
adj.相对的
3.Don’tworryaboutthebabynotwantingtoleaveyou—it’sastagetheygothrough.
n.阶段;时期
其他意义:
n.舞台
4.Thenextmorning,Ireceivedacallfromthemother,sayingthattheycouldn’texpresshowmuchmygenerousacttouchedthem.adj.慷慨的;大方的
5.Therichbosswhoisusuallymeantohisworkersissomeanwithmoney.adj.刻薄的;
adj.吝啬的
Ⅱ.语境填词
背一背
1.foundvt.建立;建设
2.votevt.&vi.投票;选举n.投票;选票;表决
3.attackvt.进攻;攻击;抨击
4.willingadj.乐意的;自愿的
5.escapevi.&vt.逃脱;逃走;避开vi.(气体、液体等)泄漏
6.opinionn.意见;看法;主张
练一练 [从左栏中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空]
1.TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,isoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.
2.Wemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities,sowehavetodiscussthemfacetoface.
3.Theprisonerescapedthroughaholeinthewalllastnight,butinvain.
4.Wecouldn’tdecidewhetherweshouldbuythehouse,sowetookavoteonit.
5.Thejudgesaidthatitwasnotlegaltoattackotherpeoplewithviolence.
Ⅲ.拓展提升
背一背
1.activeadj.积极的;活跃的→activityn.活动
2.selfn.自我;自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的;忘我的→selflesslyadv.无私地;忘我地
3.devotevt.献身;专心于→devotedadj.忠实的;深爱的→devotionn.关爱;奉献;热心
4.peacefuladj.和平的;平静的;安宁的→peacen.和平
5.guidancen.指导;领导→guidev.指导;指示n.导游;指导者
6.legaladj.法律的;依照法律的→illegaladj.非法的
7.violencen.暴力;暴行→violentadj.暴力的
8.equaladj.相等的;平等的→equallyadv.平等地;相等地→equalityn.同等;平等
9.rewardn.报酬;奖金vt.酬劳;奖赏→rewardingadj.值得的;有报酬的
练一练 [用所给单词的正确形式填空]
1.Itisillegal(legal)toselltobaccotosomeoneunder16insomecountries.
2.Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding(reward).
3.Withoutyourguidanceandencouragement,wecouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress,sowedecidetoengageyouasourguide.(guide)
4.Itdoesseriousharmtochildren’scharacterthattoomuchviolence(violent)isshownontelevision.
5.Hewasequaltothejob,butdidn’tgetequalityinwages,whichlethimdown.(equal)
6.Asweallknow,he’sagenerous,devoted(devote),active,reliableandwarm-heartedfriend.
Ⅳ.选词填空
背一背
1.outofwork失业
2.asamatteroffact/infact事实上
3.blowup使充气;爆炸
4.introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5.turnto求助于;致力于
6.loseheart丧失勇气或信心
7.cometopower当权;上台
8.setup设立;建立;搭起
9.besentencedto被判处……(徒刑)
10.inone’sopinion在某人看来
练一练 [从左栏中选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空]
1.Timeispreciousforusstudents,soinmyopinion,makingasuitabletimetableisnecessaryandimportantforustomakegooduseofourtime.
2.Whenthenewrulercametopower,hemadepeacewithallhisformerenemies.
3.Itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved,buthewouldneverloseheart.
4.IoftenturntomyteachersforhelpwhenIhavetroublewithmystudy.
5.Wheneveryouareintrouble,don’thesitatetocallmeandI’llgiveyouahandrightaway.
6.Idon’tthinkitisrealistictoturntohimforhelp.Asamatteroffact/Infact,hehimselfisinneedofhelp.
Ⅴ.仿写运用
背一背
1.HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.
1969年7月,他成为第一个登上月球的人。
2....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.
……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
3.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我感觉很糟糕。
练一练 [用左栏中的句式结构完成下列句子]
1.他是第一个获得这个奖项的中国公民。
(thefirst...todo)(2018·全国Ⅲ)
HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.
2.只有当你意识到外语的重要性时,你才能学好它们。
(“only+状语”置于句首的倒装)
Onlywhenyourealizetheimportanceofforeignlanguagescanyoulearnthemwell.
3.我第一次去那里时,他们和狗、鸭子和其他动物住在一个小房子里。
(thefirsttime)
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andotheranimals.
1.后缀-ance高频名词大集合
(1)guidancen.指导;领导
(2)performancen.表演;履行
(3)appearancen.外表;出现
(4)assistancen.帮助
(5)significancen.重要;重要性
2.“人物性格特点”的反义形容词词对
(1)mean吝啬的→generous慷慨的
(2)selfish自私的→selfless无私的
(3)inferior自卑的→superior高傲的
3.lose短语归纳
(1)loseheart丧失信心
(2)loseface丢脸
(3)losecontrol失去控制
(4)losetouch失去联系
(5)loseoneself失去自我
4.“outof+n.”短语小结
(1)outofwork失业
(2)outofmind心不在焉
(3)outofsight看不见
(4)outoforder有毛病;出故障
(5)outofbreath上气不接下气
devotevt.献身;致力于;专心致志于;把……用于
(1)devote...to(doing)把……用在/献给(做)某事上
devoteoneselfto献身于;致力于
(2)devotedadj.挚爱的;忠实的,忠诚的
bedevotedto(doing)sth.献身于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
(3)devotionn.奉献;关爱;忠诚
单句语法填空
(1)Oncemarried,Jodevotedherwholelifetolookingafterherchildrenandbeingafull-timehomemaker.
(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)aharmonioussociety.
(3)Devoted(devote)toteachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.
(4)Wehavelearnedagreatdealfromherdevotion(devote)toherworkandherwillingnesstohelpothers.
句式升级
(5)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.
①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Devotedtocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Thecouple’sson,towhomtheyaresodevoted,wentabroadlastyear,leavingthemaloneinthesmallcity.这对夫妇深爱的儿子去年去国外了,把他们单独留在了这个小城市。
equaladj.相等的;平等的;相当的;能胜任的
n.同等的人;相等物
v.与……相等,等于;比得上
(1)beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/胜任(做)某事
equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
withoutequal=havenoequal无与伦比
(2)equalityn.平等;相等
equallyadv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地
单句语法填空
(1)Anymanwillbeequaltothetask,solongasheiscareful.Youshouldgiveitatry.
(2)Idon’tthinkJimisequaltotransporting(transport)thesevaluablegoods.
(3)Menandwomenmustbetreatedequally(equal)ineducationandemployment.
完成句子
(4)Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshavenoequal/arewithoutequal.
事实上,当谈到战争的艺术时,蚂蚁是无与伦比的。
(5)I’mnotsurewhetherheisequaltothetask,butIstillchoosetobelievehim.我不确定他是否能胜任这项任务,但我仍然选择相信他。
联想发散 表示“胜任……”的其他短语:
befitfor,beupto,bequalifiedfor,beadequateto
Theyattachgreatimportancetoequalityandbelievethatallworkisofequalvalue.他们崇尚平等而且认为所有工作都具有同等价值。
escapev.逃脱;逃避;被遗忘;(气体、液体等)泄漏
n.逃脱;逃避;漏出
(1)escapefrom从……逃脱;逃避……
escapedoing/beingdone逃避(被)做某事
(2)anarrowescape九死一生
单句语法填空
(1)Heescapedbeingkilled(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.
(2)Totheirrelief,theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.
翻译句子
(3)I’msorry,butyournameescapesme.
对不起我忘记了你的名字。
(4)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。
①Youareluckyenoughtoescapepunishment.
②Youareluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.
Duringtheearthquakesomeminersweretrappedinthemine,andtheycouldn’tescapewithoutrescue.地震时一些矿工被困在矿井中,没有救援他们无法逃脱。
rewardv.酬谢;奖励,奖赏
n.奖金;回报;报酬
(1)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
rewardsb.withsth.用某物奖赏/回报某人
(2)inrewardfor为奖赏……;为报答……
asarewardfor作为对……的奖赏/回报
(3)rewardingadj.值得的;有益的;有意义的
单句语法填空
(1)Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewarded(reward)withsevendropsofwaterorjuice.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
(2)Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding(reward).
单句写作
(3)我很乐意带你游玩北京,以报答你的慷慨相助。
I’mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijinginrewardfor/asarewardforyourgeneroushelp.
Thebossdecidedtogivearewardtohimforhispositiveattitudetowardswork.
老板因他积极的工作态度决定奖励他。
turnto转向;求助于;致力于;翻到;开始从事;查阅
一词多义——写出下列句子中turnto的汉语意思
(1)Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.
求助于
(2)Itistimeheturnedhismindtomoreseriousproblems.转向
(3)Turntothenextpageformoreinformationonthissubject.翻到
(4)Don’talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoucomeacrossanewword.查阅
turndown调低;拒绝
turnaway拒绝……入内;把……打发走
turnup出现;露面;调大
turnout证明是;结果是;生产;赶走
turnover打翻;移交
用turn短语的正确形式填空
(5)Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.
(6)Ipicturedhimasaseriousperson,butheturnedouttobefun.
(7)Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswillturnupsoonerorlater.
(8)Becausethehallwasfull,manypeoplewereturnedaway.
Beingincollegeisworthitespeciallywhenyouhavesomeonetoturntoandshareyourexperiencesandmemorieswith.上大学总是值得的,特别是当你有人可求助和分享你的经历和回忆的时候。
introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
askfortrouble自找麻烦;自讨苦吃
getintotrouble陷入困境;惹麻烦
havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.在做某事方面有困难/麻烦
takethetroubletodosth.不辞辛劳做某事
单句语法填空
(1)Ifyouareintrouble,Mikeisalwayswillingtolendahand.
(2)Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachersalwayshelpuspatiently.
(3)Thanksforthetroubleyouhavetakentohelp(help)us.
单句改错
(4)Youcan’timaginethetroubleIhad
himtochangehismind.
Asisknowntousall,ifweareintrouble,itisnotourphonesbutourfriendsthatcanreallyhelpusout.众所周知,如果我们有困难,是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。
“only+状语”置于句首的倒装
...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时,句子需要部分倒装。
其结构为:
only+状语+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语+其他。
注意:
(1)“only+从句”放在句首时,倒装的是主句,从句不倒装;
(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
完成句子
(1)Onlythendidheknowhowmuchdamagehadbeencaused.
只有在那时他才知道已经造成了多么大的破坏。
(2)Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachothercanwespendthosedaystogetherhappily.
只有通过相互理解、彼此学习我们才能一起开心地度过那些日子。
(3)Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.只有我们言行一致,才能对我们希望完成的事情有所影响。
Onlythosewhoacceptthisrealitycanleadareallyfulllife.只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。
thefirsttime引导时间状语从句
IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我感觉很糟糕。
thefirsttime...第一次……时,引导时间状语从句。
引导时间状语从句的词语还有:
(1)each/everytime每次……的时候
nexttime下次……时
anytime任何时候
lasttime上次……时