1920高考英语总复习之任务型阅读导学案设计无答案.docx

1920高考英语总复习之任务型阅读导学案设计无答案.docx

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1920高考英语总复习之任务型阅读导学案设计无答案

高三专题复习：

高考任务型阅读解题策略

【导语】

1.特色：

语篇分析，语言综合运用（单拼，句转，语篇---表格）

2.能力：

获取信息accessinformation

加工处理信息processinformation

综合概括信息summarizeinformation

3.忠告：

不要放弃，学会珍惜。

【知识梳理】

一、考查形式（见课件）

1.图表的样式（表格状；树状）

2.图表框架的设定规律（段落大意提纲；每段的细节提炼；篇章的主题）

3.图表框架与原文语篇的关系

（1）图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应且句式基本一致

（2）图表框架对原文语篇段落重新布局但句式基本一致

（3）图表和原文主题一致，但布局和句式都不一致

4.图表设空的原则

（1）兼顾三层次的能力考查

获取信息accessinformation原文词copy

加工处理信息processinformation转化词change

综合概括信息summarizeinformation提炼词create/conclude

（2）兼顾词性、词形、搭配、句式等的语法考查

二、解题的步骤和策略

1.先表后文–略读

（1）浏览表格和句子，分析表格框架并预测文章大意。

（2019江苏高考）

TheCostofThinking

Introduction

•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo（71）_________ofhumanbeings.

The（72）_disadvantages_oflargehumanbrains

•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.

•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.

•Theanimalbrainrequiresless（73）_____whenthebodyisatrest.

•Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.

The（74）_impacts/influence（s）_ofwalkingupright

•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor（75）_________againstenemies.

•Freedhandscanservesome（76）_________purposeandperformcomplextasks.

•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and（77）_________thesizeofbrains.

•Walkinguprightresultsin（78）_________sufferings.

Conclusion

•Withalargebrain,humanbeings（79）_________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.

•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained（80）_________ofmeat-eatinganimals.

（2）积累总结一些常见的提纲归纳性词汇并注意其区别和搭配。

（见课件）

2.由表及文–查读

（1）根据表格框架，对照文章语篇。

（2）带着表格句子，定位信息出处。

（3）分析表格设空，研究词性搭配。

（4）反复对比表文，保证逻辑一致。

TheCostofThinking（2019江苏高考）

Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics.suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals（哺乳动物）weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.

Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull（倾骨）.It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes（类人猿）requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee（黑猩猩）can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.

Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.

Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.

TheCostofThinking

Introduction

•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo（71）___n.___ofhumanbeings.Para.1

The（72）__n.____oflargehumanbrains

•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.Para.2

•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.Para.3

•Theanimalbrainrequiresless（73）__n.___whenthebodyisatrest.Para.3

•Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.Para.3

The（74）__n.___ofwalkingupright

•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor（75）__v.___againstenemies.Para.4

•Freedhandscanservesome（76）__adj.__purposeandperformcomplextasks.Para.4

•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and（77）_v.__thesizeofbrains.Para.5

•Walkinguprightresultsin（78）_adj.__sufferings.Para.5

Conclusion

•Withalargebrain,humanbeings（79）__v.___otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.Para.6+Para.2

•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained（80）__adj.__ofmeat-eatinganimals.Para.6

①Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics.suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

--Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo（71）______________ofhumanbeings.

②Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes（类人猿）requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.

--Theanimalbrainrequiresless（73）_________whenthebodyisatrest.

③Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthat

areunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.

Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

--Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor（75）_________againstenemies.

④Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

--Freedhandscanservesome（76）_________purposesandperformcomplextasks.

⑤Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.

--Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and（77）_________thesizeofbrains.

Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks..

--Walkinguprightresultsin（78）_________sufferings.

Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.

Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.

--Withalargebrain,humanbeings（79）_________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.

Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.

--Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained（80）_________ofmeat-eatinganimals.

2019年江苏高考任务型阅读分析

原文词：

71/73/763题

转换词：

79/802题

提炼词：

75/77/783题

框架词：

72/74（72题原文中有）2题

结论：

2019年的任务型阅读的图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应且句式基本一致；表格所设空的能力考查重心基本在原词和转化词上，提炼词也是有迹可循，能根据表格逻辑判断出来。

总体平和。

3.验表复文–复读检验表格，恢复成文

TheCostofThinking

Introduction

•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo（71）___characteristics___ofhumanbeings.Para.1

The（72）_disadvantage__oflargehumanbrains

•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.Para.2

•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.Para.3

•Theanimalbrainrequiresless（73）__energy__whenthebodyisatrest.Para.3

•Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.Para.3

The（74）_impacts__ofwalkingupright

•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor（75）__guard_againstenemies.Para.4

•Freedhandscanservesome（76）_other__purposeandperformcomplextasks.Para.4

•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and（77）_limits_thesizeofbrains.Para.5

•Walkinguprightresultsin（78）_physical_sufferings.Para.5

Conclusion

•Withalargebrain,humanbeings（79）_beat_otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.Para.6+Para.2

•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained（80）__fearful/afraid_ofmeat-eatinganimals.Para.6

【巩固提升】

一、分类练习

1.信息转化练习

（1）词性转化

argue--_____________n.

benefit--_____________adj.

change--____________adj.

combine--____________n.

create--___________/___________n.

describe--____________n.

enthusiasm--____________adj.--_________________adv.

except--_____________n.

expect--______________n.

explain--_____________n.

generous--_____________n.

grow--_____________n.

guide--___________n.

harmony--___________adj.

hesitate--____________adj.

invite--____________n.

offence/offense--_____________v.

preserve--______________n.

prevent--_____________n.

pronounce--______________n.

recognize--_____________n.

submit--_____________n.

（2）正反转化

反义转化

advantage--_____________

difference--_____________

clear--_______________

encourage--_____________

export--___________

guilty--___________

hopeful--___________

increase--___________

legal--_____________

responsible--_____________

同义转化

beacceptedbytheuniversity--be_______totheuniversity

realize/know–be_________/___________of

allowfor–take…into__________/______________--make____