外事外交礼仪与文化.docx

外事外交礼仪与文化.docx

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外事外交礼仪与文化

外事外交礼仪与文化

ProtocolforModernDiplomatsandEtiquetteforSomeWesternCountries

PengfeiWang

Contents:

Introduction...

............................................................................................................

I.InternationalCulture............................................................................................

AddressingOthers

Introductions

Titles

II.MissionCulture............................................................................................

BeforeArrival

ArrivingatPost

Welcoming

MakingCalls

CallingCards

ResponsibilitiesatPost

Hierarchy

III.HostCountryCulture......................................................................................

SocialRedFlags

BeingaGuest

Resources

IV.Entertaining......................................................................................................

WhomtoInvite

InformalEntertaining

FormalEntertaining

V.Dress..........................................................................................................

Formal“BlackTie”or“WhiteTie”

Semi-formal/Informal

Casual

MedalsandDecorations

Summary.....

.................................................................................................................................................GlossaryofDiplomaticTerms

INTRODUCTION

Fewthingsareasanxietyprovokingforthefirst-timeembassyormissionemployeeorfamilymemberasthenotionofdiplomaticprotocol.Protocolcansoundbothstuffyandmysteriousatthesametime;andmostofusbelievewehavehadlittleexperienceinournon-governmentlivestoprepareus.Infact,therulesandprocessesofdiplomaticprotocolarebasedinpragmaticthinking,commonsense,andgoodmanners—areaswhereweallhavehadsomeexperience.

Protocolmakesthejobofrepresentingournationeasierbyfacilitatingourworkasamissionteam,makingourrelationshipsandinteractionswithinthediplomaticandhostcountrycommunitiesmorepredictable,andbyprovidingabasicsocialframeworkandhierarchytofollow.Thisbookletisdesignedtohelpyoubegintomasterthebasicsofdiplomaticprotocol.

Whetheryouareanemployeeorspouse,havefewrepresentationalresponsibilitiesorarerunningyourpost’sprotocoloffice,thisbookletisagoodstartingpointforyou.Thebooklet'sfourmainsectionsdealwithinternationalculture,missionculture,thehostcountryculture,andentertaining.

I.INTERNATIONALCULTURE

Atgatheringsthatincluderepresentativesfromthehostcountryaswellasfromothercountries,thetimelessformalityofinternationaldiplomaticcultureremainsinplace.Itensuresthateachcountrywillberespecteduniformlyandwithoutbias.Thenecessaryrespectisexpressedmostvisiblythroughspokencourtesies.Belowaresometipsonhowtoaddressandintroducediplomaticrepresentatives.

AddressingOthers

Althoughguidelinesexist,properformsofaddressvarygreatlyfromculturetoculture.Besuretochecklocalcustoms,butafewgeneralrulesfollow.

ThespiritofformalityamongdiplomaticrepresentativesusuallymeansnotaddressingothersbytheirfirstnamesasquicklyasisdoneintheUnitedStates.Oneshouldrelyoncourtesytitlesuntilinvitedtodootherwise.Socially,onecanrefertoaspousebyhis/herfirstnameoras"myhusband,"or"mywife"ratherthanas"Mr./Mrs.Smith."Whendealingwithhouseholdemployeeshowever,youshouldstillrefertoyourspouseas"Mr./Mrs.Smith."AmbassadorsareaddressedasMr./MadamAmbassadororAmbassadorJones.Onlybyspecialinvitationorlongfriendshipshouldoneaddressanambassadorbyfirstnameandthenonlywhennotinthepubliceye.Inindirectaddress,refertotheambassadoras"theambassador",withhis/herspouseas"theambassadorandMr./Mrs.Jones,"orifthe

ambassador'sspouseisawomanwhokepthermaidennameaftermarriage,"theambassadorandhiswife,Ms.Smith."AnambassadoroftheUnitedStatesmaycontinuetobeaddressedas"Mr./MadamAmbassador"afterretirementorafterreturningfromhis/herdutiesabroad.

InsomeFrench-speakingcountries,thewifeoftheambassadormaybereferredtoasMadamAmbassador.Therefore,inthosecountries,refertoafemaleambassadorbyherlastname（AmbassadorJones）toavoidconfusionandensurethatshereceivesherduerespect.

ThoseofrankbelowAmbassadorareaddressedasMr.,Ms.orMrs.,ifmaritalstatusisknown.WhenreferringtoaU.S.post,"theEmbassyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica"ispreferredover"theAmericanEmbassy."AsreferencestoAmericacanbeambiguous,especiallyintheWesternHemisphere,avoidusingtermssuchas"Americanambassador"or"Americancitizen."Similarly,tobeclearandtoavoidoffendingothersbysuggestingthattheUSconstitutestheentirecontinentuse"UnitedStates"inallreferencestothiscountry.

MakingIntroductions

Thepurposeofmakingintroductionsistoexchangenamesbetweenpeoplesothataconversationcanfollow.Foraformaloccasion,thetraditional"Mrs.Smith,mayIpresentMr.Jones?

"isusedinternationally.Forlessformaloccasionssimplystatingthetwonames,"Mrs.Smith,Mr.Jones,"isacceptable.Makingpersonalintroductions（i.e.,introducingoneself）isperfectlyacceptableandencouraged.Addingcontextaboutyourselfandyourroleishelpful.Forexample,"Hello,I'mZhangXiao,ViceConsulattheEmbassyofthePeople’sRepublicofChinainCanada."

InEnglish,theaccepted,formalresponsetoanyintroductionis,"Howdoyoudo?

"Informally,asmile,"Hello,"or,"It'snicetomeetyou,"arefine.Otherlanguageshaveveryparticularphrases,sobesuretolearnthemuponarrivingatpost.

Whenmakingintroductions,honorisrecognizedbythenamespokenfirst.Courtesygiveshonortothosewhoareolder,higherinrank,titled,haveaprofessionalstatus,orarefemale.

Tomaketheintroductionsmorepleasant,telleachindividualabitofinformationabouttheother.Thisencouragestheconversationtocontinue.Astheydowhenawomanenterstheroom,menshouldrisewhenbeingintroducedtoawoman.Insomecountries,amankissesamarriedwoman'shand.Menalsorisewhenbeingintroducedtoanotherman.Womenshouldrisewhenbeingintroducedtoanotherwomanforwhomshewishestoshowgreatrespect,suchasthehostess,averydistinguishedwoman,ormucholderwoman.Insomecountries,womenrisewhenintroducedtoallothers.

Throughouttheworld,greetingandleave-takingcustomsmayincludehandshakes,salutatorygesturesorotherspecificexpressions.Ifthereissuchatradition,useitwithhostcountrynationals,foreignersandfellowstaffmembers.Failuretoabidewithtraditionmaybeinterpretedasrudenessoralackofrespectforcolleagues.

Thebestandmostcourteouswaytohandlerecognizingsomeonewithoutrecallinghisorhernameistomentionyournameagain.Forexample,"Goodevening,I'mJimSmith.Wemetrecentlyattheambassador'shome.I'mpleasedtoseeyouagain."Morethanlikely,he/shewillreintroducehimself/herself.Startingfromtheassumptionthathe/shemayalsonotrememberyournamecouldsavebothofyoupotentialembarrassment.

Titles

Formsofaddressforforeigngovernmentofficialsandpeopleholdingprofessional,ecclesiastical,ortraditionaltitlesvaryamongcountries.Thecorrectlocalusagecanbeverifiedatpost.FollowingaretitlesforU.S.andsomeforeignofficialsthatarewidelyusedinbothspokenandwrittenaddress.Itisappropriatetobeginlettersandrefertoothersdirectlyandindirectlywiththefollowingtitles.

DiplomaticTitles

ChiefsofMission

•Mr./MadamAmbassador（thisalsoappliestoanambassadorwithamilitarytitle）,orAmbassadorReed.*

•SirRichard—Britishambassadorwhoisaknight（SirRichard'swifewouldbeaddressedas"LadySmith."）

•LordMontgomery—Britishambassadorwhoisabaron

•Mr./Mrs.DouglasorMs.Williams—theambassador'sspouse

Chargéd'Affaires

•Mr./Ms/Mrs./MadamRandal

MinistersandOthers

•Mr./MadamTaylor

*Specialnoteshouldbemadeofhowtoaddressambassadors.Overtheyears,andrecentlyaswell,therehasbeendiscussionabouttheuseofthehonorifictitleofAmbassadorbyformerambassadors,boththosewhoremainactiveintheForeignServiceandthosewhoareretired.Foryears,regulationshaveforbiddenthisusageunlessactuallyinthejobofambassadororforthosefewwhoretiredwiththepersonalrankofcareerAmbassador.Forcurrentemployees,long-standingcustomandpractice,however,hasestablishedacleartraditionthatpersonswhohaveservedasambassadormaycontinuetousethetitleaftersuchserviceinappropriatecommunicationswithothers,maybereferredtoincommunicationsandconversationsbythetitleofAmbassador,andmaybeintroducedtopublicaudiencesbythetitle.

IntheStates,TheForeignAffairsDepartmenthasalsoclarifiedtheuseofthetitleforpersonswhohaveretiredfromtheForeignServiceorleftgovernmentservicewhoservedasambassadorafterSenateconfirmation.Anamendmenttothevariousregulationspermitstheuseofthetitle,“Ambassador,Retired,”forallsuchpersons.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesdoesnotusetheterm,"Excellency,"somecountriesdowhenreferringtoambassadors.Evenifthehostcountryusestheterm"Excellency,"Americanchiefsofmissioninthosecountriesareaddressedas"Mr./MadamAmbassador"byU.S.citizens.ForeignchiefsofmissionwhoareaccreditedtotheUSarealsoreferredtoasambassadors.

GovernmentTitles

Inmostcases,thespouseofagovernmentofficialdoesnotsharetheofficial'stitlewithhis/herspouse（i.e.,thePresident'sspouseisMr./Mrs.WashingtonorMs.Lincoln）.

ExecutiveBranch

•Mr./MadamPresid