语言学选择题.docx
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语言学选择题
Exercisesforthetestoflinguistics
Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatbestcompletethestatement.
Chapter1Introduction
1.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled________linguistics.
A.particular
B.general
C.ordinary
D.generative
2.Traditionalgrammarregardsthe________formoflanguageasprimary,notthespokenform.
A.oral
B.written
C.writing
D.vocal
3.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa________study.
A.synchronic
B.diachronic
C.historical
D.comparative
4.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____c____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole
B.performance
C.langue
D.Language
5.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand________.
A.words
B.sounds
C.objects
D.ideas
6.Whichofthefollowingisn’tthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
A.arbitrariness
B.performance
C.duality
D.displacement
7.Thecoreoflinguisticsexcludes________.
A.semantics
B.morphology
C.phonetics
D.psycholinguistics
Chapter2Phonology
1.________isconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.
A.Phonology
B.Phonetics
C.Morphology
D.Phonemics
2.Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe________propertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.
A.oral
B.mental
C.physical
D.recorded
3.Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare________sounds.
A.voiceless
B.voiced
C.vowel
D.consonantal
4.[p]isavoicelessbilabial________.
A.affricate
B.fricative
C.stop
D.liquid
5.________aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.
A.Linguistics
B.Phonetics
C.Phonology
D.Articulatoryphonetics
6.A________isnotasound;itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
A.phoneme
B.phone
C.sound
D.speech
7.Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe________ofthatphoneme.
A.phones
B.sounds
C.phonemes
D.allophones
8.________isatypicaltonelanguage.
A.English
B.Chinese
C.French
D.AmericanEnglish
Chapter3Morphology
1.Morphologyreferstothe________ofwords.
A.science
B.form
C.history
D.system
2.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis________.
A.morpheme
B.phone
C.phoneme
D.allomorpheme
3.Theword“boyish”containstwo________.
A.phonemes
B.morphs
C.morphemes
D.allomorphs
4.________morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
A.Free
B.Bound
C.Root
D.Affix
5.Morphemesthatrepresent“tense”,“number”,“gender”,“case”andsofortharecalled________morphemes.
A.inflectional
B.independent
C.free
D.derivational
6.________modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
A.Prefixes
B.Suffixes
C.Roots
D.Affixes
7.InEnglish“-ise”and“-tion”arecalled________.
A.prefixes
B.suffixes
C.infixes
D.freemorphemes
8.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeof________toformanewword.
A.root
B.affix
C.stem
D.word
9.Thewordssuchas“lab”and“doc”are________.
A.formedbyblending
B.acronyms
C.coinedbyback-formation
D.clippedwords
10.Thecompoundword“runningdog”shouldbepronounced________,whenitmeans“apersonwhofollowsothersblindly”.
A.running‘dog
B.‘running,dog
C.‘running‘dog
D.,running‘dog
Chapter4Syntax
1.Syntaxisthestudyoftheinterrelationshipsbetweenelementsofsentencestructureandoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsare___c_____toformsentencesinalanguage.
A.analyzed
B.examined
C.linked
D.arranged
2.___b_____lexicalcategoriesareopencategoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.
A.Minor
B.Major
C.All
D.Noneoftheabove
3.NPand________areessentialcomponentsofasentence.
A.VP
B.PP
C.AP
D.CP
4.Thetwoclausesina________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.
A.simple
B.complete
C.complex
D.coordinate
5.Theembeddedclauseinacomplexsentenceisnormallycalled________clause.
A.asubordinate
B.amain
C.amatrix
D.amajor
6.Transformationalgrammarisatypeofgrammarfirstproposedby________inthemid-1950s.
A.Saussure
B.Bloomfield
C.Chomsky
D.Halliday
7.Therulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentencesarecalled________rules.
A.lexical
B.structural
C.coordinate
D.combinational
8.________cangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences.
A.Phrasestructurerules
B.Movementrules
C.Syntacticrules
D.Noneoftheabove
Chapter5Semantics
1.Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof________.
A.words
B.meaning
C.communication
D.context
2.Senserelatestothecomplexsystemofrelationshipsthatholdbetweenthelinguisticelementsthemselves（mostlywords）;itisconcernedwith_________relations.
A.extra-linguistic
B.intra-linguistic
C.non-linguistic
D.multi-linguistic
3.Referencedealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelements（words,sentences,etc）andthe________ofexperience.
A.extra-linguistic
B.intra-linguistic
C.non-linguistic
D.multi-linguistic
4.Twowordsthatareoppositeinmeaningarecalled________.
A.synonyms
B.homonyms
C.antonyms
D.homophones
5.Thepairofwords“wide/narrow”arecalled________.
A.gradableopposites
B.complementaryantonyms
C.co-hyponyms
D.relationalopposites
6.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“flower/rose”?
A.Polysemy
B.Synonymy
C.Hyponymy
D.Antonymy
7.Thewords“railway”and“railroad”are________.
A.emotivesynonyms
B.dialectalsynonyms
C.stylisticsynonyms
D.collocationalsynonyms
8.Thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning,whichiscalled________.
A.synonymy
B.homonymy
C.hyponymy
D.polysemy
9.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are________.
A.gradableantonyms
B.relationalopposites
C.complementaryantonyms
D.noneoftheabove
10.Thewaytoanalyzesentencemeaningiscalled________analysis.
A.componential
B.predication
C.syntactic
D.logical
Chapter6Pragmatics
1.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningif________oflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.
A.brevity
B.context
C.accuracy
D.noneoftheabove
2.Ifasentenceisregardedaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomes________.
A.asentence
B.anact
C.aunit
D.anutterance
3.________acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.
A.Speaking
B.Speech
C.Sound
D.Spoken
4.OneofthecontributionsSearlehasmadeishisclassificationof___b_____acts.
A.locutionary
B.illocutionary
C.perlocutionary
D.speech
5.Ofthethreespeechact,linguisticsaremostinterestedinthe________.
A.locutionaryact
B.perlocutionaryact
C.illocutionaryact
D.noneoftheabove
6.MostoftheviolationofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto________.
A.utterancemeaning
B.speechacttheory
C.conversationalimplicatures
D.alloftheabove
7.ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey________isliterallysaid.
A.morethan
B.lessthan
C.thesameas
D.noneoftheabove
Chapter7LanguageChange
1.Wemayusetheterm________insteadofhistoricallinguisticsasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.
A.diachroniclinguistics
B.synchroniclinguistics
C.sociolinguistics
D.psycholinguistics
2.Animportantsetofextensivesoundchangesaffectingvowels,knownastheGreatVowelShift,occurredattheendofthe___b_____.
A.OldEnglishperiod
B.MiddleEnglishperiod
C.ModernEnglishperiod
D.Middleages
3.Themostwidely-spreadmorphologicalchangesinthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglisharethelossandadditionof________.
A.prefixes
B.suffixes
C.affixes
D.casemarkings
4.Themostdramaticmorphologicallossconcernsthelossof________.
A.gendermarkings
B.casemarkings
C.tensemarkings
D.bothAandB
5.Themostvigorousandon-goingchangeinthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisthechangeinits________.
A.sound
B.vocabulary
C.morphologicalsystem
D.syntax
6.ThemostobviouswayinwhichModernEnglishdifferslexicallyfromOldEnglishisinthenumberofborrowedwordsfromotherlanguages,particularfrom________.
A.Latin
B.French
C.Greek
D.German
7.Chinese,themostpopularlanguageoftheworld,belongstothe___b_____family.
A.Indo-European
B.Sino-Tibetan
C.Austronesian
D.Afroasiatic
Chapter8LanguageandSociety
1.Thegoalof________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.
A.psycholinguistics
B.sociolinguistics
C.historicallinguistics
D.generallinguistics
2.Thesituationinwhichtwoormorelanguagesareusedsidebysideisreferredtoas________.
A.diglossia
B.bilingualism
C.pidginization
D.blending
3.Alinguistic________referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.
A.slang
B.euphemism
C.jargon
D.taboo
4.A________isamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordorexpressionsubstitutedwhenaspeakerorwriterfearsmoredirectwordingmightbeharsh,unpleasantlydirect,oroffensive.
A.linguistictaboo
B.euphemism
C.addressterm
D.pidgin
5.Innorm
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