初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级.docx
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初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级
初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级
形容词比较级
(一)大凡句式的构成:
A+is/are+形容词比较级+than+B
A是主格B是宾格如:
Sheistallerthanme.
主格形容词比较级宾格
(二)英语形容词比较级的构成
英语形容词比较等级有三个:
原级,比较级和最高级。
形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。
规则变化
1)单音节词末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
【例】原级比较级最高级
greatgreatergreatestsmallsmallersmallestcleancleanercleanest
2)单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)
【例】finefinerfinestwidewiderwidest
3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
【例】bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestredredderreddest
4)少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)。
以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加-er和-est。
以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。
【例】clevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowestableablerablesteasyeasiereasiest
5)其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
【例】carefulmorecarefulmostcarefuldifficultmoredifficultmostdifficultdeliciousmoredeliciousmostdelicious
不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest
注:
有些形容词大凡没有比较等级。
如:
right,wrong,woolen等。
形容词的比较等级的用法:
比较级用于二者的比较。
【例】LiPingisolderthanWangHai.李平比王海年纪大。
TherearemorestudentsinClassOnethaninClassTwo.一班比二班学生多。
二、形容词各等级的用法:
1、原级(同级)比较:
as…as…;notas(so)…as…
We’llgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan.Sheisn’tas(so)activeinsportsasbefore.
2.比较级:
表示两者之间比……更……可用状语much,alittle,even等修饰:
HemadefewermistakesthanIdid.HeisevenricherthanI.
3、高级:
形容词最高级前必须加the,副词最高级前常省略the,后面多用of……,in……短语表示范围:
Itwasthemost/leastinterestingstoryIhaveeverlistened.
Heisthetallestofthethree.
4、如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the,而且还用ofthetwo,ofthepair短语:
Johnisthecleverofthetwoboys.Ofthetwoboys,Johnistheclever.
三、重点与难点:
1、as…as…结构:
你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。
You’reaboyasgoodasTom.=You’reasgoodaboyasTom.
2、
(1)too…to与so…thatsb.can’t…的句型转换:
前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:
Themanwastooangrytobeabletospeak.
Themanwassoangrythathewasn’tabletospeak.Themilkwastoohottodrink.Themilkwassohotthatwecan’tdrinkit.
(2)too…to…与notenoughto句型的转换:
Heistooyoungtogetmarried.=Heisnotoldenoughtogetmarried.
Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.=Thebookisnoteasyenoughformetoread.3、形容词原级表示比较级含义:
约翰不象迈克那么苯。
JohnisnotsostupidasMike.JohnislessstupidthanMike.JohnisclevererthanMike.
4、用比较级表示最高级:
约翰是班里最高的男生。
Johnistallerthananyotherboyintheclass.Johnisthetallestboyintheclass.Johnistallerthan:
anyotherboy.anyoftheotherboy.alltheotherboy.
anyoftheothers.anyoneelse.
5、themore…..themore….表示“越……越……”:
Themorebooksyouread,thewideryourknowledgeis.
Themorefoodyoueat,thefatteryouare.
6、moreandmore….表示“越来……越……”:
Moreandmorestudentsrealizedtheimportanceofaforeignlanguage.
Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.
Mid-AutumnFestivalMid-AutumnDay
形容词前如加less和least则表示“较不“和“最不“
important严重lessimportant较不严重leastimportant最不严重
形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+对比成分。
也就是,含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。
注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分,而只剩下对比的成分。
Ourteacherisweare.我们老师的个子比我们的高。
Itistodaythanitwasyesterday.今天的天气比昨天暖热。
Thispictureisthanthatone.这张照片比那张照片幽美。
Thismeetingisthanthatone.这次会议不如那次会议严重。
Thesunisthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大得多。
形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
Sheisstudentherclass.她是班上最佳的学生。
ShanghaiisoneofcitiesChina.上海是中国最大城市之一。
ThisisappleIhaveevermet.这是我见到的最大的苹果。
Tomisboyinhisbasketballteam.汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。
1.Thisboxis___thatone.
A.heavythanB.soheavythan
C.heavierasD.asheavyas
2Whenwespeaktopeople,weshouldbe“.
A.aspoliteaspossibleB.aspoliteaspossibly
C.aspolitelyaspossibleD.aspolitelyaspossibly
3Thisbookis____thatone,but____thanthatone.
A.asdifficultas;expensive
B.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensive
C.asdifficultas;moreexpensive
D.moredifficultas;asexpensive
4Ithinkthestoryisnotso___asthatone.
A.interestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting
5Hisfatherbegantowork____hewassevenyearsold.
A.asoldasB.asearlyasC.sinceD.while
1.Ithinkscienceis_thanJapanese.
A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportant
()2Thispencilis___thanthatone.
^.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong
()3Mymotherisno___young.
A.shorterB.longerC.littleD.few
()4Thesechildrenare____thisyearthantheywerelastyear.
A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller
()5Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis___today.
A.evenhotterB.morehotter
C.muchmorehotD.muchhot
6.MrsBlackhasgot____insteadofgettinganybetter.
A.morebadB.alittleworseC.muchbadlyD.alotofworse
()1Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith___students.
A.quiteafewB.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquite
2Thehouseissmallforafamilyofsix.
A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.so
3Throughthewindowwecanseenothingbut____buildings.
A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall
4-What“syourbrotherlike?
-Heis___.
A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschool
5Thejacketwasso___thathedecidedtobuyit.,
A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheapl
6Ourclassroomis____largerthantheirs.
A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much
()1Theearthisabout____asthemoon.
A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig()2Yourroomismine.
A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeof
C.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeas
()3Yourroomis___thanmine.
A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes()4Hisfatheris____thanhismother.;
A.olderfouryearsB.asfouryearsolderC.fouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears()1Mathsismorepopularthan____.
A.anyothersubjectB.allthesubjectsC.anysubjectD.othersubject
()2Chinaislargerthan____inAfrica(^W).
A.anyothercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryJ1%D.anycountry
()3Tomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.
A.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy
()1Whenspringcomes,itgets____.
A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter)2Byandby,____studentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.A.moreandmoreB.muchandmuchC.manyandmanyD.lessandleast
)3Atlasthebegantocry___.
A.hardandhardB.morehardandmorehardC.harderandharderD.lesshardandlessharder)4Whenspringcomesthedaysget____andnights____.
A.short;longB.long;shortC.longer;shorterD.shorter;longer
1___Ilookatthepicture,____Ilikeit.
A.Thebest;themoreB.Themore;theless
C.Themore;lessD.More;themore
2___hereadthebook,____hegotinit.A.Themore;themoreinteresting
B.Theless;themoreinterestingC.Themore;themoreinterestedD.More;moreinterested3___youcomeback,_____itwillbe.
A,Thequicker;thebestB.Thesooner;thebetterC.Faster;thebetterD.Thesooner;better1Ilike___oneofthetwobooks.
A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.older
()2Whichis___country,ChinaorJapan?
A.thelargeB.thelargerC.largerD.largest
()3Ofthetwocups,hebought.
A.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.smallD:
smaller
()1Whichdoyoulike___,teaorcoffee?
A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most
()2Thisworkis____formethanforyou.
A.difficultB.mostdifficult
C.muchdifficultD.moredifficult
()3Whichdoyouthinktastes____,thechickenorthefish?
A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well
()4TheGreatPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonce
A.higherB.highestC.hightooD.morehigh
()5Don“tyouthinkit______nottowritetheletter?
A^^A.well,B.betterC.bestD.good
()1Whojumped____ofall?
A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfar
()2LiLeiis___studentinourclass.
A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest
()3Thefifthorangeis____ofall.Giveittothatsmallchild.
A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggerD.thebiggest
()4Whois---ofyouthree?
A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldestD.older
()1Tomisoneof____boysinourclass.
A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallestB.thetall
()2Englishisoneof____spokenintheworld.
A.theimportantlanguagesB.themostimportantlanguagesC.mostimportantlanguageD.themostimportantlanguage
()3Beijingisoneof____inChina.
A.thelargestcityr“;B.thelargecitiesC.thelargercitiesD.thelargestcities
1.Mostofthewoods____beentakengoodcareof.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
2___likeplayingfootballandwatchingTV.
A.MostboysB.MostoftheyC.MostboyD.Moreofthey
3___areherewateringtheflowershere.
A.SomeB.SomeoftheboysC.SomeboyD.Someofboys
4___haven“tbeentoAmerican.
A.MostthemB.MosttheyC.MoreofthemD.Mostofthem
1___ismorebeautifulthanroses.
A.NootherflowerB.Noanotherflower
C.NototherflowerD.Notallflowers
2Thetreeis___inthegarden.
A.thetallerB.thetallest
C.tallerthanof-allD.tall.
3Marystudiesharderinherclass.
A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone
1Whichis___,LiLeiorWuTong?
A.strongB.strongestC.strongerD.thestrongest
2Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorJapanese?
A.easyB.themosteasyC.theeasiestoD.muchmoreeasy
3Whichis____interesting,science,mathsorEnglish?
A.moreB.themostC.veryD.too
4Whichcityis____,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?
A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.muchmorebeautifulD.themostbeautiful
5Whichmonthis____,June,JulyorAugust?
A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottest
1Doyouhave____totellus?
A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanythin