全国年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题.docx

全国年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题.docx

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全国年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

TheponywasrevisedinJanuary2021

全国年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

第一部分选择题

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

wayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.+firstname+title

alonename+lastname+title

andthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".（）

thoughtthought

thoughtthought

ofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition_______.（）

acquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

acquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

arebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

areequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

第二部分非选择题

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

）

thecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.

［1］anddark［1］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc________distribution.

r________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.

c________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.

thedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc________antonyms.

themeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.

rulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm________.

manysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asa

characteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.

brain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________,whichisspecifictohumanbeings.

ordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________.

三、判断说明题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

）判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。

（）thehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.

（）English,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:

/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.

（）compoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.（）24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.（）formshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.

（）importantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.

（）divisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.

（）reflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.

（）achildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.

（）childrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

）

transmission（asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage）

mediumoflanguage

morphemes

act

dialect

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。

）

dowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples.

theprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.：

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题参考答案

课程代码：

00830

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.

Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.

Itisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningstar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferinsense.

ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.

Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds.

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

isaphoneticfeatureofsomeiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.

morphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-（e）s,-estinEnglish.

iswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationship

betweentheformandtheexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalking

aboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerintheactualdogtheword"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword"dog".

actreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.

protolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.

ethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation,suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.

arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.

referstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

additiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustrateconstituenrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.

Theoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheoldwomen

theperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.

Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandappropriateinstructionsarethensenttohemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke’sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.

2005年10月自考《英语写作》试卷+答案（0603）

I.FillinthefollowingblanksaccordingtowhatyouhavelearnedinAdvancedCollegeComposition.（20%）

1.Beforewritingacomposition,astudentwritermustkeepthesepointsin

mind:

__________thefirstlineofeachparagraph,leavingaspaceof4or5

letters;writeon______________,leavingenoughspaceforcorrection;and

leaveonespaceafterany____________.

2.Inthetitleofacomposition,theinitialletterofeachwordmustbecapitalizedexcept__________,________________,and_____________,suchasand,or,but,forandthetoinfinitives.

3.Tomakeiteasyforthereadertofollowyournarration,the__________and

__________oftheeventsareusuallygivenatthebeginning.

4.Indescribingaplace,youaresupposedtofollowaclear__________order;

whileindescribingascene,threepartsshouldbeincluded:

____________,

__________,and__________.

5.Generallyspeaking,expositoryessayshavethefollowingcharacteristics:

_________,_________,__________,___________,andinteresting.

6.Ifitisanoveloraplayorasciencefiction,the__________tenseismore

appropriatewhilethe____________tenseisrequiredfornonfictionsuchas

historybook.

7.Fixingatopicisthefirststepforanoutline,whichfallsintotwotypes:

_____

outlineand___________outline.

II.Studythefollowingstatementsandexplainwhytheyarenotgoodargumentativetheses.（15%）

1.Therearemanymoviesaboutfriendships.

2.Friendshipisimportant.

3.You’lllovethemovieThelmaand