英语语言学概论复习考试.docx

英语语言学概论复习考试.docx

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英语语言学概论复习考试

《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集（1-6章）

2013-6-1

ChapterIIntroduction2012

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEorFALSE:

T1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.

F2.CompetenceandperformanceisdistinguishedbySaussure.

F3.Asynchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

T4.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

F5.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

F6.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

T7.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

T8.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

T9.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

T10.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

F11.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

T12.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

F13.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

T14.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

T15.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

T16.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

T17.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

T18.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

T19.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguagemakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.

F20.Synchroniclinguisticisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

F21.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

T22.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

F23.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

T24.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

F25.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

F26.Featuresthatcontrastwordsinmeaningarecalleddesignfeaturesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

F27.Linguisticsymbolsarearbitrary.

F28.ByarbitrarinessSaussuremeansthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearsomenaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

descriptive 1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_______.

knowledge2. Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

abstract3.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

Duality43.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

arbitrary5.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

Sociolinguistics6.Sisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

syntax7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

genetic8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

Parole9.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

applied10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

productive11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe12

scientifc12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

social13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesfunctionoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

A1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstantisa_______study.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic

D2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.

A.sociolinguisticsB.Psycholinguistics

C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics

C3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptiveB.analytic

C.descriptiveD.linguistic

D4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement

C.DualityD.Meaningfulness

A5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primaryB.correct

C.secondaryD.stable

D6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.

A. inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B. speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C. speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D. Alloftheabove

C7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.

A.synchronicB.diachronic

C.prescriptiveD.descriptive

B8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronicB.diachronic

C.prescriptiveD.comparative

C9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performance

C.langueD.Language

B10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.senseB.sounds

C.objectsD.ideas

A11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacementB.duality

C.flexibility           D.culturaltransmission

B12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.

A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure

C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth

A13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.

A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural

IV.Answerthefollowingquestion:

1.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?

2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?

Chapter2：

Phonology

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

T1.     VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish. 

F2.       Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution. 

F3.       Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning. 

F4.       EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot. 

T5.       Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting. 

T6.       Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed. 

F7.       Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph. 

F8.       Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:

thethroat,themouthandthechest.

T9.Thesound〔z〕isavoicedalveolarstop.

T9.VoicingisadistinctivefeatureforEnglishconsonants.

F10.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thenthetwowordsarecalledminimalpairs.Sipandzipareaminimalpair,asarefineandvine,andvealandleaf.

T11.       Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing. 

F12.  Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest. 

F13.  Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar. 

T12.  Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:

thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels. 

F13.  Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels. 

T14.TheEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceandmannerofarticulation.

F15.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependonthepositionsoflips.

F16.  Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme. 

F17.  Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning. 

F18.  Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories. 

T19.  Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning. 

F20.  Whentwodiffere