《管理会计》英文版课后习题答案.docx

《管理会计》英文版课后习题答案.docx

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《管理会计》英文版课后习题答案

第二章产品本钱计算

Exercises

2–1〔指教材上的第2章练习第1题，下同〕

1.Part#72APart#172C

Steel*$12.00$18.00

Setupcost**6.006.00

Total$18.00$24.00

*（$1.00?

12;$1.00?

18）

**（$60,000/10,000）

Steelcostisassignedbycalculatingacostperounceandthenmultiplyingthisbytheouncesusedbyeachpart:

Costperounce=$3,000,000/3,000,000ounces

=$1.00perounce

Setupcostisassignedbycalculatingthecostpersetupandthendividingthisbythenumberofunitsineachbatch（thereare20setupsperyear）:

Costpersetup=$1,200,000/20

=$60,000

2.Thecostofsteelisassignedthroughthedrivertracingusingthenumberofouncesofsteel,andthecostofthesetupsisassignedthroughdrivertracingalsousingnumberofsetupsasthedriver.

3.Theassumptionunderlyingnumberofsetupsasthedriveristhateachpartusesanequalamountofsetuptime.SincePart#72AusesdoublethesetuptimeofPart#172C,itmakessensetoassignsetupcostsbasedonsetuptimeinsteadofnumberofsetups.Thisillustratestheimportanceofidentifyingdriversthatreflectthetrueunderlyingconsumptionpattern.Usingsetuphours[（40?

10）+（20?

10）],wegetthefollowingrateperhour:

Costpersetuphour=$1,200,000/600

=$2,000perhour

Thecostperunitisobtainedbydividingeachpart’stotalsetupcostsbythenumberofunits:

Part#72A=（$2,000?

400）/100,000=$8.00

Part#172C=（$2,000?

200）/100,000=$4.00

Thus,Part#72Ahasitsunitcostincreasedby$2.00,whilePart#172Chasitsunitcostdecreasedby$2.00.

problems

2–5

1.Nursinghoursrequiredperyear:

4?

24hours?

364days*=34,944

*Note:

364days=7days?

52weeks

Numberofnurses=34,944hrs./2,000hrs.pernurse=17.472

Annualnursingcost=（17?

$45,000）+$22,500

=$787,500

Costperpatientday=$787,500/10,000days

=$78.75perday（foreithertypeofpatient）

2.Nursinghoursactasthedriver.Ifintensivecareuseshalfofthehoursandnormalcaretheotherhalf,then50percentofthecostisassignedtoeachpatientcategory.Thus,thecostperpatientdaybypatientcategoryisasfollows:

Intensivecare=$393,750*/2,000days

=$196.88perday

Normalcare=$393,750/8,000days

=$49.22perday

*$525,000/2=$262,500

Thecostassignmentreflectstheactualusageofthenursingresourceand,thus,shouldbemoreaccurate.Patientdayswouldbeaccurateonlyifintensivecarepatientsusedthesamenursinghoursperdayasnormalcarepatients.

3.Thesalaryofthenurseassignedonlytointensivecareisadirectlytraceablecost.Toassigntheothernursingcosts,thehoursofadditionalusagewouldneedtobemeasured.Thus,bothdirecttracinganddrivertracingwouldbeusedtoassignnursingcostsforthisnewsetting.

2–6

1.BellaObraCompany

StatementofCostofServicesSold

FortheYearEndedJune30,2006

Directmaterials:

Beginninginventory$300,000

Add:

Purchases600,000

Materialsavailable$900,000

Less:

Endinginventory450,000*

Directmaterialsused$450,000

Directlabor12,000,000

Overhead1,500,000

Totalservicecostsadded$13,950,000

Add:

Beginningworkinprocess900,000

Totalproductioncosts$14,850,000

Less:

Endingworkinprocess1,500,000

Costofservicessold$13,350,000

*Materialsavailablelessmaterialsused

2.Thedominantcostisdirectlabor（presumablythesalariesofthe100professionals）.Althoughlaboristhemajorcostofprovidingmanyservices,itisnotalwaysthecase.Forexample,thedominantcostforsomemedicalservicesmaybeoverhead（e.g.,CATscans）.Insomeservices,thedominantcostmaybematerials（e.g.,funeralservices）.

3.BellaObraCompany

IncomeStatement

FortheYearEndedJune30,2006

Sales$21,000,000

Costofservicessold13,350,000

Grossmargin$7,650,000

Lessoperatingexpenses:

Sellingexpenses$900,000

Administrativeexpenses750,0001,650,000

Incomebeforeincometaxes$6,000,000

4.Serviceshavefourattributesthatarenotpossessedbytangibleproducts:

（1）intangibility,

（2）perishability,（3）inseparability,and（4）heterogeneity.Intangibilitymeansthatthebuyersofservicescannotsee,feel,hear,ortasteaservicebeforeitisbought.Perishabilitymeansthatservicescannotbestored.ThispropertyaffectsthecomputationinRequirement1.Inabilitytostoreservicesmeansthattherewillneverbeanyfinishedgoodsinventories,thusmakingthecostofservicesproducedequivalenttocostofservicessold.Inseparabilitysimplymeansthatprovidersandbuyersofservicesmustbeindirectcontactforanexchangetotakeplace.Heterogeneityreferstothegreaterchanceforvariationintheperformanceofservicesthanintheproductionoftangibleproducts.

2–7

1.Directmaterials:

Magazine（5,000?

$0.40）$2,000

Brochure（10,000?

$0.08）800$2,800

Directlabor:

Magazine[（5,000/20）?

$10]$2,500

Brochure[（10,000/100）?

$10]1,0003,500

Manufacturingoverhead:

Rent$1,400

Depreciation[（$40,000/20,000）?

350*]700

Setups600

Insurance140

Power3503,190

Costofgoodsmanufactured$9,490

*Productionis20unitsperprintinghourformagazinesand100unitsperprintinghourforbrochures,yieldingmonthlymachinehoursof350[（5,000/20）+（10,000/100）].Thisisalsomonthlylaborhours,asmachinelaboronlyoperatesthepresses.

2.Directmaterials$2,800

Directlabor3,500

Totalprimecosts$6,300

Magazine:

Directmaterials$2,000

Directlabor2,500

Totalprimecosts$4,500

Brochure:

Directmaterials$800

Directlabor1,000

Totalprimecosts$1,800

Directtracingwasusedtoassignprimecoststothetwoproducts.

3.Totalmonthlyconversioncost:

Directlabor$3,500

Overhead3,190

Total$6,690

Magazine:

Directlabor$2,500

Overhead:

Power（$1?

250）$250

Depreciation（$2?

250）500

Setups（2/3?

$600）400

Rentandinsurance（$4.40?

250DLH）*1,1002,250

Total$4,750

Brochure:

Directlabor$1,000

Overhead:

Power（$1?

100）$100

Depreciation（$2?

100）200

Setups（1/3?

$600）200

Rentandinsurance（$4.40?

100DLH）*440940

Total$1,940

*Rentandinsurancecannotbetracedtoeachproductsothecostsareassignedusingdirectlaborhours:

$1,540/350DLH=$4.40perdirectlaborhour.Theotheroverheadcostsaretracedaccordingtotheirusage.Depreciationandpowerareassignedbyusingmachinehours（250formagazinesand100forbrochures）:

$350/350=$1.00permachinehourforpowerand$40,000/20,000=$2.00permachinehourfordepreciation.Setupsareassignedaccordingtothetimerequired.Sincemagazinesusetwiceasmuchtime,theyreceivetwicethecost:

LettingX=thepro?

portionofsetuptimeusedforbrochures,2X+X=1impliesacostassignmentratioof2/3formagazinesand1/3forbrochures.

Exercises

3–1

1.ResourceTotalCostUnitCost

Plastic1$10,800$0.027

Directlaborand

variableoverhead28,0000.020

Moldsets320,0000.050

Otherfacilitycosts410,0000.025

Total$48,800$0.122

10.90?

$0.03?

400,000=$10,800;$10,800/400,000=$0.027

2$0.02?

400,000=$8,000;$8,000/400,000=$0.02

3$5,000?

4quarters=$20,000;$20,000/400,000=$0.05

4$10,000;$10,000/400,000=$0.025

2.Plastic,directlabor,andvariableoverheadareflexibleresources;moldsandotherfacilitycostsarecommittedresources.Thecostofplastic,directlabor,andvariableoverheadarestrictlyvariable.Thecostofthemoldsisfixedfortheparticularactionfigurebeingproduced;itisastepcostfortheproductionofactionfiguresingeneral.Otherfacilitycostsarestrictlyfixed.

3–3

High（1,400,$7,950）;Low（700,$5,150）

V=（$7,950–$5,150）/（1,400–700）

=$2,800/700=$4peroilchange

F=$5,150–$4（700）

=$5,150–$2,800=$2,350

Cost=$2,350+$4（oilchanges）

PredictedcostforJanuary=$2,350+$4（1,000）=$6,350

problems

3–6

1.High（1,700,$21,000）;Low（700,$15,000）

V=（Y2–Y1）/（X2–X1）

=（$21,000–$15,000）/（1,700–700）=$6perreceivingorder

F=Y2–VX2

=$21,000–（$6）（1,700）=$10,800

Y=$10,800+$6X

2.Outputofspreadsheetregressionroutinewithnumberofreceivingordersastheindependentvariable:

Constant4512.98701298698

Std.Err.ofYEst.3456.24317476605

No.ofObservations10

DegreesofFreedom8

XCoefficient（s）13.3766233766234

Std.Err.ofCoef.3.59557461331427

V=$13.38perreceivingorder（rounded）

F=$4,513（rounded）

Y=$4,513+$13.38X

R2=0.634,or63.4%

Receivingordersexplainabout63.4percentofthevariabilityinreceivingcost,providingevidencethatTracy’schoiceofacostdriverisreasonable.However,otherdriversmayneedtobeconsideredbecause63.4percentmaynotbestrongenoughtojustifytheuseofonlyreceivingorders.

3.Regressionwithpoundsofmaterialastheindependentvariable:

Constant5632.28109733183

RSquared0.824833789433823

No.ofObservations10

DegreesofFreedom8

XCoefficient（s）0.0449642991356633

Std.Err.ofCoef.0.0073259640055344

V=$0.045perpoundofmaterialdelivered（rounded）

F=$5,632（rounded）

Y=$5,632+$0.045X

R2=0.825,or82.5%

Poundsofmaterialdeliveredexplainsabout82.5percentofthevariabilityinreceivingcost.ThisisabetterresultthanthatofthereceivingordersandshouldconvinceTracytotrymultipleregression.

4.Regressionroutinewithpoundsofmaterialandnumberofreceivingordersastheindependentvariables:

Std.Err.ofYEst.1350.46286973443

No.ofObservations10

DegreesofFreedo