Use of wordprocessing software.docx

Use of wordprocessing software.docx

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Useofwordprocessingsoftware

Useofwordprocessingsoftware

Itisimportantthatthefilebesavedinthenativeformatofthewordprocessorused.Thetextshouldbeinsingle-columnformat.Keepthelayoutofthetextassimpleaspossible.Mostformattingcodeswillberemovedandreplacedonprocessingthearticle.Inparticular,donotusethewordprocessor'soptionstojustifytextortohyphenatewords.However,douseboldface,italics,subscripts,superscriptsetc.Whenpreparingtables,ifyouareusingatablegrid,useonlyonegridforeachindividualtableandnotagridforeachrow.Ifnogridisused,usetabs,notspaces,toaligncolumns.Theelectronictextshouldbepreparedinawayverysimilartothatofconventionalmanuscripts（seealsotheGuidetoPublishingwithElsevier:

Notethatsourcefilesoffigures,tablesandtextgraphicswillberequiredwhetherornotyouembedyourfiguresinthetext.SeealsothesectiononElectronicartwork.

Toavoidunnecessaryerrorsyouarestronglyadvisedtousethe'spell-check'and'grammar-check'functionsofyourwordprocessor.

LaTeX

IftheLaTeXfileissuitable,proofswillbeproducedwithoutrekeyingthetext.ThearticleshouldpreferablybewrittenusingElsevier'sdocumentclass'elsarticle',oralternativelyanyoftheotherrecognizedclassesandformatssupportedinElsevier'selectronicsubmissionssystem,forfurtherinformationsee

TheElsevier'elsarticle'LaTeXstylefilepackage（includingdetailedinstructionsforLaTeXpreparation）canbeobtainedfromtheQuickguide:

Itconsistsofthefile:

elsarticle.cls,completeuserdocumentationfortheclassfile,bibliographicstylefilesinvariousstyles,andtemplatefilesforaquickstart.

Articlestructure

Essentialtitlepageinformation

•Title.Conciseandinformative.Titlesareoftenusedininformation-retrievalsystems.Avoidabbreviationsandformulaewherepossible.

•Authornamesandaffiliations.Wherethefamilynamemaybeambiguous（e.g.,adoublename）,pleaseindicatethisclearly.Presenttheauthors'affiliationaddresses（wheretheactualworkwasdone）belowthenames.Indicateallaffiliationswithalower-casesuperscriptletterimmediatelyaftertheauthor'snameandinfrontoftheappropriateaddress.Providethefullpostaladdressofeachaffiliation,includingthecountrynameand,ifavailable,thee-mailaddressofeachauthor.

•Correspondingauthor.Clearlyindicatewhowillhandlecorrespondenceatallstagesofrefereeingandpublication,alsopost-publication.Ensurethattelephoneandfaxnumbers（withcountryandareacode）areprovidedinadditiontothee-mailaddressandthecompletepostaladdress.Contactdetailsmustbekeptuptodatebythecorrespondingauthor.

•Present/permanentaddress.Ifanauthorhasmovedsincetheworkdescribedinthearticlewasdone,orwasvisitingatthetime,a'Presentaddress'（or'Permanentaddress'）maybeindicatedasafootnotetothatauthor'sname.Theaddressatwhichtheauthoractuallydidtheworkmustberetainedasthemain,affiliationaddress.SuperscriptArabicnumeralsareusedforsuchfootnotes.

Graphicalabstract

AGraphicalabstractisoptionalandshouldsummarizethecontentsofthearticleinaconcise,pictorialformdesignedtocapturetheattentionofawidereadershiponline.Authorsmustprovideimagesthatclearlyrepresenttheworkdescribedinthearticle.Graphicalabstractsshouldbesubmittedasaseparatefileintheonlinesubmissionsystem.Imagesize:

Pleaseprovideanimagewithaminimumof531×1328pixels（h×w）orproportionallymore.Theimageshouldbereadableatasizeof5×13cmusingaregularscreenresolutionof96dpi.Preferredfiletypes:

TIFF,EPS,PDForMSOfficefiles.Seeforexamples.

AuthorscanmakeuseofElsevier'sIllustrationandEnhancementservicetoensurethebestpresentationoftheirimagesalsoinaccordancewithalltechnicalrequirements:

IllustrationService.

Highlights

Highlightsaremandatoryforthisjournal.Theyconsistofashortcollectionofbulletpointsthatconveythecorefindingsofthearticleandshouldbesubmittedinaseparatefileintheonlinesubmissionsystem.Pleaseuse'Highlights'inthefilenameandinclude3to5bulletpoints（maximum85characters,includingspaces,perbulletpoint）.Seeforexamples.

Keywords

Immediatelyaftertheabstract,provideamaximumof6keywords,usingAmericanspellingandavoidinggeneralandpluraltermsandmultipleconcepts（avoid,forexample,"and","of"）.Besparingwithabbreviations:

onlyabbreviationsfirmlyestablishedinthefieldmaybeeligible.Thesekeywordswillbeusedforindexingpurposes.

AlistofKeywordsislocatedattheendofthisguide.

Acknowledgements

Collateacknowledgementsinaseparatesectionattheendofthearticlebeforethereferencesanddonot,therefore,includethemonthetitlepage,asafootnotetothetitleorotherwise.Listherethoseindividualswhoprovidedhelpduringtheresearch（e.g.,providinglanguagehelp,writingassistanceorproofreadingthearticle,etc.）.

Nomenclatureandunits

Followinternationallyacceptedrulesandconventions:

usetheinternationalsystemofunits（SI）.Ifotherquantitiesarementioned,givetheirequivalentinSI.YouareurgedtoconsultIUPAC:

NomenclatureofOrganicChemistry:

http:

//www.iupac.org/forfurtherinformation.

Databaselinking

Elsevieraimsatconnectingonlinearticleswithexternaldatabaseswhichareusefulintheirrespectiveresearchcommunities.Ifyourarticlecontainsrelevantuniqueidentifiersoraccessionnumbers（bioinformatics）linkingtoinformationonentities（genes,proteins,diseases,etc.）orstructuresdepositedinpublicdatabases,thenpleaseindicatethoseentitiesaccordingtothestandardexplainedbelow.

Authorsshouldexplicitlymentionthedatabaseabbreviation（asmentionedbelow）togetherwiththeactualdatabasenumber,bearinginmindthatanerrorinaletterornumbercanresultinadeadlinkintheonlineversionofthearticle.

Pleaseusethefollowingformat:

DatabaseID:

xxxx

Linkscanbeprovidedinyouronlinearticletothefollowingdatabases（examplesofcitationsaregiveninparentheses）:

•ASTM:

ASTMStandardsDatabase（ASTMID:

G63）

•CCDC:

CambridgeCrystallographicDataCentre（CCDCID:

AI631510）

•GenBank:

GeneticsequencedatabaseattheNationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation（NCBI）（GenBankID:

BA123456）

•GEO:

GeneExpressionOmnibus（GEOID:

GSE27196;GEOID:

GPL5366;GEOID:

GSM9853）

•MI:

EMBL-EBIOLSMolecularInteractionOntology（MIID:

0218）

•MINT:

MolecularINTeractionsdatabase（MINTID:

6166710）

•NCBITaxonomy:

NCBITaxonomyBrowser（NCBITaxonomyID:

48184）

•NCT:

ClinicalTrials.gov（NCTID:

NCT00222573）

•OMIM:

OnlineMendelianInheritanceinMan（OMIMID:

601240）

•PDB:

WorldwideProteinDataBank（PDBID:

1TUP）

•TAIR:

TheArabidopsisInformationResourcedatabase（TAIRID:

AT1G01020）

•UniProt:

UniversalProteinResourceKnowledgebase（UniProtID:

Q9H0H5）

Footnotes

Footnotesshouldbeusedsparingly.Numberthemconsecutivelythroughoutthearticle,usingsuperscriptArabicnumbers.Manywordprocessorsbuildfootnotesintothetext,andthisfeaturemaybeused.Shouldthisnotbethecase,indicatethepositionoffootnotesinthetextandpresentthefootnotesthemselvesseparatelyattheendofthearticle.DonotincludefootnotesintheReferencelist.

Tablefootnotes

Indicateeachfootnoteinatablewithasuperscriptlowercaseletter.

Artwork

Electronicartwork

Generalpoints

•Makesureyouuseuniformletteringandsizingofyouroriginalartwork.

•Savetextinillustrationsas"graphics"orenclosethefont.

•Onlyusethefollowingfontsinyourillustrations:

Arial,Courier,Times,Symbol.

•Numbertheillustrationsaccordingtotheirsequenceinthetext.

•Usealogicalnamingconventionforyourartworkfiles.

•Produceimagesneartothedesiredsizeoftheprintedversion.

•Submiteachfigureasaseparatefile.

Adetailedguideonelectronicartworkisavailableonourwebsite:

Youareurgedtovisitthissite;someexcerptsfromthedetailedinformationaregivenhere.

Formats

Regardlessoftheapplicationused,whenyourelectronicartworkisfinalised,please"saveas"orconverttheimagestooneofthefollowingformats（notetheresolutionrequirementsforlinedrawings,halftones,andline/halftonecombinationsgivenbelow）:

EPS:

Vectordrawings.Embedthefontorsavethetextas"graphics".

TIFF:

colororgrayscalephotographs（halftones）:

alwaysuseaminimumof300dpi.

TIFF:

Bitmappedlinedrawings:

useaminimumof1000dpi.

TIFF:

Combinationsbitmappedline/half-tone（colororgrayscale）:

aminimumof500dpiisrequired.

DOC,XLSorPPT:

IfyourelectronicartworkiscreatedinanyoftheseMicrosoftOfficeapplicationspleasesupply"asis".

Pleasedonot:

•Supplyembeddedgraphicsinyourwordprocessor（spreadsheet,presentation）document;

•Supplyfilesthatareoptimisedforscreenuse（likeGIF,BMP,PICT,WPG）;theresolutionistoolow;

•Supplyfilesthataretoolowinresolution;

•Submitgraphicsthataredisproportionatelylargeforthecontent.

Non-electronicartwork

Provideallillustrationsashigh-qualityprintouts,suitableforreproduction（whichmayincludereduction）withoutretouching.Numberillustrationsconsecutivelyintheorderinwhichtheyarereferredtointhetext.Theyshouldaccompanythemanuscript,butshouldnotbei