定语从句英语专项.docx
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定语从句英语专项
定语从句专项
一：
基础知识：
1．什么是先行词（名词、代词，一个句子）
2．定语从句位置.
3.怎么连接定语从句.（关系代词和关系副词）
4.定语从句的连接词：
关系词—9个
关系代词：
who,whom,which,that,whose,as
关系代词的三个作用:
1.连接作用
2.替代作用
3.成份作用
关系副词：
when,where,why
TheteacherisMabel.
ThefriendlyteacherisMabel.
Theteacher（whoistalking）isMabel.
二：
具体用法：
⏹关系代词在定语从句里做主语:
who/which/that
1）TheteacherisMabel.Theteacheriswearingabluesweater.
---Theteacherwho/thatiswearingabluesweaterisMabel.
2）Thisistheplacethat/whichisworthvisiting.
⏹做宾语:
who/whom/which/that–可省
1）ThebookisHarryPotterSeven.Iboughtthebookyesterday.
---Thebook（which/that）IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterSeven.
2）Theteacher（whom/who/that）IamlookingforisMabel.
⏹做状语:
where/when/why/
1）Thisistherestaurantwherewemetforthefirsttime.
2）IneverforgetthedayswhenIstudiedEnglishintheneworientalschool.
3）Thatisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
⏹注意：
thereason做先行词
Thereason（that/which）hetoldmeisfalse.
Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate
⏹做定语：
whose（代人、物均可）
IhaveanewmagazinewhosecovergirlisLiyuchun.
IknowtheteacherwhosenameisMabel.
⏹介词+关系代词的用法
⏹改写型
Inthenewspaper,Isawanapartmentwhosepriceisnotreasonable.
=Inthenewspaper,Isawanapartmentthepriceofwhichisnotreasonable.
=Inthenewspaper,Isawanapartmentofwhichthepriceisnotreasonable.
总结：
whose+n=the+nofwhich
=ofwhichthe+n
whose+n=the+nofwhom
+ofwhom+the+n
2000上海
RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,___wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich
C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
1.
I found many flowers in the garden ; most of them were red .
---I found many flowers in the garden , most of which were red.
Ifoundmanyflowersinthegarden,mostofthemwerered.
2.Hehastwosons;bothofthemaredoctors.
---Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.
3.Therearemanyforeignstudentsinthisclass;15ofthemarefromAmerica.
---Therearemanyforeignstudentsinthisclass,15ofwhomarefromtheU.S.
关系代词前介词的选择:
•1）与从句中动词的搭配.
•Therewasalotofrefugeesintheearthquake,towhomourNeworientalSchooldenotedagreatsumofmoneyandalotofgoods.
•2）与主句搭配,多用after.
•IgraduatedfromJilinUniversity,afterwhichIwenttotheNeworientalSchool.
3）表示所属关系,用of.
•Inthelastyearsweplantedthousandsofyoungtreesaroundourvillage,twothirdshavesurvivedthedrought.
A/BwhichCwhichofDofwhich
Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.（2004广西）
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
•4）与先行词搭配（结合句意）
（06重庆,34）.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirectionshehadcome
A.ofwhichB.bywhich
C.inwhichD.fromwhich
⏹转移型-离不开介词
when（=at/on/in/during/after/sincewhich）
where（=in/at/on/from/above/underwhich）
why=（forwhich）forthisreason
Thisisthefarm_______theywork.
Thisisthefarm______theyworkon.
Thisisthefarm______theywork.
Thisisthecity_______Iamliving.
Thisisthecity___Iamlivingin.
Thisisthecity_____Iamliving.
Thesearethedaysduringwhich/whentheylivedonthefarm.
Thisisthemomentwhenthespaceshipwaslaunched.
Thisisthemoment_______thespaceshipwaslaunched.
不能转移的
※Hestoodatthewindow,from/throughwhichhecouldseewhatwashappening.
fromwhich≠where
见课件真题（同文版本）
⏹用where指代抽象地点名词的情况
⏹1）情况,方面;
⏹case,condition,situation,position,point
⏹2）工作,活动;
⏹job,business,career,activity
⏹
⏹（2007—天津）Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkdancingisanactivity____sightmattersmorethanhearing.
A.whenB.whosecwhichD.where
⏹（2007—江西）Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer___sheneededtodecidewhattodo
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
⏹注意theway（方式）作先行词
Idon’tlikethewayhewears.
Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhewears.
Idon’tlikethewaythathewears.
⏹注意time做先行词时
time（次数）----that
time（一段时间）----when
Thisisthefirsttime（that）Ihavevisitedyourschool.
Thiswasthefirsttime（that）Ihadvisitedyourschool.
Icouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes（that）Ihavefailed
TherewasatimewhenIlikedreadingEnglish.
三：
易混题---考点聚焦
注意区分成份：
1.
Johnistheonly/veryoneofthestudentswho____French．..
2.Johnisoneofthestudentswho____French．.
A.knowB．knowsC．knowingD．known
1.
Thisistheknife____Iusuallycutmypencil．.
2.Thisistheknife____Iusuallyusetocutmypencil．..
A.withwhichB．whichC．bywhichD．withthat
Helivesinthehouse____windowsfacesouth..
Helivesinthehouse____thewindowsfacesouth.…
A.whoseB．whichC．ofwhichD．that
Isthisfactory____youvisitedlastyear？
…
Isthisthefactory____youvisitedlastyear？
.
Iwillneverforgetthefactory___Ihaveworked….
A.thatB．ofwhichC．theoneD．where
1.
WhenIhavetrouble，heistheonlyone____Icanaskforhelp．.
2.WhenIhavetrouble，heistheonlyone____Icangoforhelp．..
A.whomB．towhomC．whichD．towho
1.Thereason____hegaveuswasthathiscarbrokedownontheway．
2.Thereason____hewaslatewasthathiscarbrokedownontheway．
A.forwhichB．whichC．howD．what
（主句不完整）Thisfactoryistheone（that）youvisitedlastyear.
asksbforhelpgotosbforhelp
四．注意事项：
（一）关系词只用that
1.先行词被①形容词最高级
②序数词
③被only、very,any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.
Youaretheverypersonthatwearewaitingfor.
2.先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything
等不定代词时。
3.先行词中既有人又有物时。
Doyourememberthevillageandthepeoplethatyouvisitedlastyear?
4.先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时
Changchunisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
Thecityiswhatitusedtobe.
5．当主句的主语是疑问词who/which时，关系词用that
Whoistheteacherthatisstandingbythewindow?
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
7.Therebe句型—先行词是物时that
Thereisacomputerthatisputonthetable.
（二）用which而不用that的情况
1．在非限制性定语从句中（逗号后面死活不用that,which做宾语不省）
2．在关系词前有介词时（介词后死活不用that）
3．当先行词本身是that时
4.先行词是一个句子时
Hefailedtheexam,whichmakeshisfatherangry.
（2004天津23….）
Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
（三）注意:
as/which的区别.
TaiWanisapartofChina,asisknowntous.
=Asisknowntous,TaiWanisapartofChina.
ItisknowntousthatTaiwanisapartofChina.
Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehisfatherangry.
Asissaidabove，正如上面所说的
Asisalreadymentionedabove，正如上面已经提到的
Asisknowntoall，众所周知
Asisreportedinthenewspaper，正如报纸上报道的,
Aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样
Asisoftenthecasesinothercountries,
Asismentionedabove,综上所述
（which只在句中,而as句中和句首）
挑战as用法：
（2001年34）–定语从句
_________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What
（08福建..）--名词性从句
_____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.
A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which
ItisknowntousthatTaiWanisapartofChina.（主语从句）
（四）只用as（在定语从句里做主语,宾语和表语）
such+名词+as….像….一样
thesame+名词+as…和…同样的
suchas—such本身做先行词-（这样的人或物）
so+名词+as…
Ihaveneverheardsostrangeastoryashetoldus.
Ihaveneverheardsostrangeastory____hetoldus.（定语从句做宾语）
A.thatB.whichC./D.as
Weweresosurprisedatthefact___hefailedinthefinalgame.
A.thatB.whichC.asD./.
Weweresosurprisedatthefact____hetoldus.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.AandB
（2000上海春季）
Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.（as做宾语）
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.（as做表语）
ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpected.（as做宾语）
Themanisnotsuchasweneed.
（五）关系词只用who
1.当主句是therebe句型时，先行词是人，关系词用who
Thereisateacherwhoisstandingintheclassroom.
2.先行词是anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who.
anyonewho/someonewho/everyonewho/thosewho—口语突破
（六）注意：
定语从句的主谓一致问题.
I,whoamyourfriend,amalwaysonyourside.
Heisoneofthestudents（thatwerechosen）.
Heistheonlyoneofthestudents（thatwaschosen）
总结:
Oneof+the+n复数+定语从句,先行词是名词复数
Thevery/theonlyoneof+the+n复数+定语从句,先行词是thevery/theonlyone…
⏹（七）需要注意的一个结构:
doallthatsbcantodo
Iwilldoall（thatIcan）tohelpyou.主句有do从句省do
allthat=what
（八）在定语从句中加了多余的宾语
改错题里
（06年江西）
Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowthemthephotoyousentittome.
（08陕西）
Hewouldn’tgotoseeaplaythatnoonelikedit,
（八）分隔式定语从句
•Someoneisouttherethatwetrulytrust.
•结构一:
由谓语部分隔开
•（07重庆,30）.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.
•A.withwhichB.towhich
•C.ofwhichD.forwhich
结构二:
由介词短语隔开
WhatIneedtodoisstudy.
1.（2008安徽26）Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
2.（2008全国216）Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.itB.whatC.whichD.that
3.（2008北京28）I’llgiveyouyfriend’shomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.
A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where
4.（2008上海春季37）Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry._________therewon’tbemuchwork
A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich
5.（2008上海卷38）Wewentthrou
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