杨澜TED演讲演讲.docx

杨澜TED演讲演讲.docx

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杨澜TED演讲演讲

杨澜杨澜杨澜杨澜TED演讲演讲演讲演讲：

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重塑中国的年轻一代重塑中国的年轻一代重塑中国的年轻一代重塑中国的年轻一代（（（（英文演讲稿英文演讲稿英文演讲稿英文演讲稿））））YangLan:

Thegenerationthat'sremakingChina

ThenightbeforeIwasheadingforScotland,Iwasinvitedtohostthefinalof"China'sGotTalent"showinShanghaiwiththe80,000liveaudiencesinthestadium.Guesswhowastheperformingguest?

SusanBoyle.AndItoldher,"I'mgoingtoScotlandthenextday."Shesangbeautifully,andsheevenmanagedtosayafewwordsinChinese.[Chinese]Soit'snotlike"hello"or"thankyou,"thatordinarystuff.Itmeans"greenonionforfree."Whydidshesaythat?

BecauseitwasalinefromourChineseparallelSusanBoyle--a50-someyear-oldwoman,avegetablevendorinShanghai,wholovessingingWesternopera,butshedidn'tunderstandanyEnglishorFrenchorItalian,soshemanagedtofillinthelyricswithvegetablenamesinChinese.（Laughter）AndthelastsentenceofNessunDormathatshewassinginginthestadiumwas"greenonionforfree."So[as]SusanBoylewassayingthat,80,000liveaudiencessangtogether.Thatwashilarious.SoIguessbothSusanBoyleandthisvegetablevendorinShanghaibelongedtootherness.Theyweretheleastexpectedtobesuccessfulinthebusinesscalledentertainment,yettheircourageandtalentbroughtthemthrough.Andashowandaplatformgavethemthestagetorealizetheirdreams.Well,beingdifferentisnotthatdifficult.Wearealldifferentfromdifferentperspectives.ButIthinkbeingdifferentisgood,becauseyoupresentadifferentpointofview.Youmayhavethechancetomakeadifference.MygenerationhasbeenveryfortunatetowitnessandparticipateinthehistorictransformationofChinathathasmadesomanychangesinthepast20,30years.Irememberthatintheyearof1990,whenIwasgraduatingfromcollege,Iwasapplyingforajobinthesalesdepartmentofthefirstfive-starhotelinBeijing,GreatWallSheraton--it'sstillthere.SoafterbeinginterrogatedbythisJapanesemanagerforahalfanhour,hefinallysaid,"So,MissYang,doyouhaveanyquestionstoaskme?

"Isummonedmycourageandpoiseandsaid,"Yes,butcouldyouletmeknow,whatactuallydoyousell?

"Ididn'thaveacluewhatasalesdepartmentwasaboutinafive-starhotel.ThatwasthefirstdayIsetmyfootinafive-starhotel.Aroundthesametime,Iwasgoingthroughanaudition--thefirsteveropenauditionbynationaltelevisioninChina--withanotherthousandcollegegirls.Theproducertoldustheywerelookingforsomesweet,innocentandbeautifulfreshface.Sowhenitwasmyturn,Istoodupandsaid,"Why[do]women'spersonalitiesontelevisionalwayshavetobebeautiful,sweet,innocentand,youknow,supportive?

Whycan'ttheyhavetheirownideasandtheirownvoice?

"IthoughtIkindofoffendedthem.Butactually,theywereimpressedbymywords.AndsoIwasinthesecondroundofcompetition,andthenthethirdandthefourth.Aftersevenroundsofcompetition,Iwasthelastonetosurviveit.SoIwasonanationaltelevisionprime-timeshow.Andbelieveitornot,thatwasthefirstshowonChinesetelevisionthatalloweditshoststospeakoutoftheirownmindswithoutreadinganapprovedscript.（Applause）Andmyweeklyaudienceatthattimewasbetween200to300millionpeople.Wellafterafewyears,IdecidedtogototheU.S.andColumbiaUniversitytopursuemypostgraduatestudies,andthenstartedmyownmediacompany,whichwasunthoughtofduringtheyearsthatIstartedmycareer.Sowedoalotofthings.I'veinterviewedmorethanathousandpeopleinthepast.AndsometimesIhaveyoungpeopleapproachingmesay,"Lan,youchangedmylife,"andIfeelproudofthat.Butthenwearealsosofortunatetowitnessthetransformationofthewholecountry.IwasinBeijing'sbiddingfortheOlympicGames.IwasrepresentingtheShanghaiExpo.IsawChinaembracingtheworldandviceversa.ButthensometimesI'mthinking,whataretoday'syounggenerationupto?

Howaretheydifferent,andwhatarethedifferencestheyaregoingtomaketoshapethefutureofChina,oratlarge,theworld?

SotodayIwanttotalkaboutyoungpeoplethroughtheplatformofsocialmedia.Firstofall,whoarethey?

[What]dotheylooklike?

WellthisisagirlcalledGuoMeimei--20yearsold,beautiful.Sheshowedoffherexpensivebags,clothesandcaronhermicroblog,whichistheChineseversionofTwitter.AndsheclaimedtobethegeneralmanagerofRedCrossattheChamberofCommerce.Shedidn'trealizethatshesteppedonasensitivenerveandarousednationalquestioning,almostaturmoil,againstthecredibilityofRedCross.ThecontroversywassoheatedthattheRedCrosshadtoopenapressconferencetoclarifyit,andtheinvestigationisgoingon.Sofar,asoftoday,weknowthatsheherselfmadeupthattitle--probablybecauseshefeelsproudtobeassociatedwithcharity.Allthoseexpensiveitemsweregiventoherasgiftsbyherboyfriend,whousedtobeaboardmemberinasubdivisionofRedCrossatChamberofCommerce.It'sverycomplicatedtoexplain.Butanyway,thepublicstilldoesn'tbuyit.Itisstillboiling.Itshowsusageneralmistrustofgovernmentorgovernment-backedinstitutions,whichlackedtransparencyinthepast.Andalsoitshowedusthepowerandtheimpactofsocialmediaasmicroblog.Microblogboomedintheyearof2010,withvisitorsdoubledandtimespentonittripled.S,amajornewsportal,alonehasmorethan140millionmicrobloggers.OnTencent,200million.Themostpopularblogger--it'snotme--it'samoviestar,andshehasmorethan9.5millionfollowers,orfans.About80percentofthosemicrobloggersareyoungpeople,under30yearsold.Andbecause,asyouknow,thetraditionalmediaisstillheavilycontrolledbythegovernment,socialmediaoffersanopeningtoletthesteamoutalittlebit.Butbecauseyoudon'thavemanyotheropenings,theheatcomingoutofthisopeningissometimesverystrong,activeandevenviolent.Sothroughmicroblogging,weareabletounderstandChineseyouthevenbetter.Sohowaretheydifferent?

Firstofall,mostofthemwereborninthe80sand90s,undertheone-childpolicy.Andbecauseofselectedabortionbyfamilieswhofavoredboystogirls,nowwehaveendedupwith30millionmoreyoungmenthanwomen.Thatcouldposeapotentialdangertothesociety,butwhoknows;we'reinaglobalizedworld,sotheycanlookforgirlfriendsfromothercountries.Mostofthemhavefairlygoodeducation.TheilliteracyrateinChinaamongthisgenerationisunderonepercent.Incities,80percentofkidsgotocollege.ButtheyarefacinganagingChinawithapopulationabove65yearsoldcomingupwithseven-point-somepercentthisyear,andabouttobe15percentbytheyearof2030.Andyouknowwehavethetraditionthatyoungergenerationssupporttheeldersfinancially,andtakingcareofthemwhenthey'resick.Soitmeansyoungcoupleswillhavetosupportfourparentswhohavealifeexpectancyof73yearsold.Somakingalivingisnotthateasyforyoungpeople.Collegegraduatesarenotinshortsupply.Inurbanareas,collegegraduatesfindthestartingsalaryisabout400U.S.dollarsamonth,whiletheaveragerentisabove$500.Sowhatdotheydo?

Theyhavetosharespace--squeezedinverylimitedspacetosavemoney--andtheycallthemselves"tribeofants."Andforthosewhoarereadytogetmarriedandbuytheirapartment,theyfiguredouttheyhavetoworkfor30to40yearstoaffordtheirfirstapartment.ThatratioinAmericawouldonlycostacouplefiveyearstoearn,butinChinait's30to40yearswiththeskyrocketingrealestateprice.Amongthe200millionmigrantworkers,60percentofthemareyoungpeople.Theyfindthemselvessortofsandwichedbetweentheurbanareasandtheruralareas.Mostofthemdon'twanttogobacktothecountryside,buttheydon'thavethesenseofbelonging.Theyworkforlongerhourswithlessincome,lesssocialwelfare.Andthey'remorevulnerabletojoblosses,subjecttoinflation,tighteningloansfrombanks,appreciationoftherenminbi,ordeclineofdemandfromEuropeorAmericafortheproductstheyproduce.Lastyear,though,anappallingincidentinasouthernOEMmanufacturingcompoundinChina:

13youngworkersintheirlateteensandearly20scommittedsuicide,justonebyonelikecausingacontagiousdisease.Buttheydiedbecauseofalldifferentpersonalreasons.Butthiswholeincidentarousedahugeoutcryfromsocietyabouttheisolation,bothphysicalandmental,ofthesemigrantworkers.Forthosewhodoreturnbacktothecountryside,theyfindthemselvesverywelcomelocally,becausewiththeknowledge,skillsandnetworkstheyhavelearnedinthecities,withtheassistanceoftheInternet,they'reabletocreatemorejobs,upgradelocalagricultureandcreatenewbusinessinthelessdevelopedmarket.Soforthepastfewyears,thecoastalareas,theyfoundthemselvesinashortageoflabor.Thesediagramsshowamoregeneralsocialbackground.ThefirstoneistheEngelscoefficient,whichexplainsthatthecostofdailynecessitieshasdroppeditspercentageallthroughthepastdecade,intermsoffamilyincome,toabout37-somepercent.Buttheninthelasttwoyears,itgoesupagainto39percent,indicatingarisinglivingcost.TheGinicoefficienthasalreadypassedthedangerouslineof0.4.Nowit's0.5--evenworsethanthatinAmerica--showingustheincomeinequality.Andsoyouseethiswholesocietygettingfrustratedaboutlosingsomeofitsmobility.Andalso,thebitternessandevenresentmenttowardstherichandthepowerfulisquitewidespread.Soanyaccusationsofcorruptionorbackdoordealingsbetweenauthoritiesorbusinesswouldarouseasocialoutc